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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2020-1-88-95</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-1137</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ И ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL &amp; EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Предикторы ранних изменений сетчатки при сахарном диабете</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Predictors of Early Retinal Changes in Diabetes Mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулыбышева</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulybysheva</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кулыбышева Валерия Сергеевна аспирант, лаборант отдела патологии сетчатки и зрительного нерва</p><p>ул. Россолимо, 11а, б, Москва, 119021</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kulybysheva Valeria S. postgraduate, laboratory assistant of the retina and optic nerve pathology department</p><p>Rossolimo str., 11A, B, Moscow, 119021</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">valeri91@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ронзина</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ronzina</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ронзина Ирина Адольфовна кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник отдела патологии сетчатки и зрительного нерва</p><p>ул. Россолимо, 11а, б, Москва, 119021</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ronzina Irina A. PhD, researcher of the retina and optic nerve pathology department</p><p>Rossolimo str., 11A, B, Moscow, 119021</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гамидов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gamidov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гамидов Алибек Абдулмуталимович доктор медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории новых ла‑ зерных технологий в офтальмологии</p><p>ул. Россолимо, 11а, б, Москва, 119021</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gamidov Alibek A. MD, Senior researcher of laser technologies in ophthalmology department</p><p>Rossolimo str., 11A, B, Moscow, 119021</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Моталов</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Motalov</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Моталов Владимир Григорьевич доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры анатомии</p><p>ул. Трубецкая,. 8, стр. 2, 119991, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Motalov Vladimir G. MD, Professor of Anatomy Department</p><p>Trubetskaya str., 8-2, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николенко</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolenko</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Николенко Владимир Николаевич заведующий кафедрой анатомии человека, доктор медицинских наук, профессор.</p><p>ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2, 119991, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolenko Vladimir N. MD, Professor, Head of the of Anatomy Department</p><p>Trubetskaya str., 8-2, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт глазных болезней»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Eye Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И. М. Сеченова (Сеченовский университет)» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>88</fpage><lpage>95</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кулыбышева В.С., Ронзина И.А., Гамидов А.А., Моталов В.Г., Николенко В.Н., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кулыбышева В.С., Ронзина И.А., Гамидов А.А., Моталов В.Г., Николенко В.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kulybysheva V.S., Ronzina I.A., Gamidov A.A., Motalov V.G., Nikolenko V.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/1137">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/1137</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: определение функционального состояния наружных и внутренних слоев сетчатки у пациентов с сахарным диабетом (СД) 1 и 2 типа до манифестации клинических проявлений и на ранних стадиях развития диабетической ретинопатии (ДР) с использованием методов мультифокальной электроретинографии (мфЭРГ) и микропериметрии (МП).</p></sec><sec><title>Пациенты и методы</title><p>Пациенты и методы. Был обследован 91 пациент (182 глаза). Пациенты были разделены на 4 группы: 1-я — 23 человека (46 глаз) с СД без ДР (продолжительность заболевания до 2 лет); 2-я — 22 человека (44 глаза) с СД без ДР (СД от 2 до 8 лет); 3-я — 24 человека (48 глаз) с НПДР на фоне СД; 4-я — 22 человека (44 глаза) контрольной группы (здоровые глаза). Помимо стандартного офтальмологического обследования, всем пациентам регистрировали мфЭРГ (FOK1) с помощью диагностического оборудования EP-1000 Multifocal (Tomey, Германия) и проводили МП с помощью аппарата MAIA (CenterVue, Италия).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. По данным мфЭРГ установлено, что наиболее чувствительны к диабетическим изменениям компоненты мфЭРГ — плотность биопотенциала и амплитуда P1. В группах с СД 1 и 2 типа происходит достоверное снижение плотности P1 в сравнении с группой контроля (p &lt; 0,005, критерий Манна — Уитни), а также снижение амплитуды P1 практически на всех тестируемых кольцах (p &lt; 0,005). Во всех группах отмечается увеличение латентности P1 в центральном кольце (0–2,3°). По данным МП выявлено, что у пациентов с СД 1 и 2 типа отмечается снижение средней световой чувствительности в сравнении с группой контроля, однако полученные нами данные находятся в пределах референтных значений вне зависимости от наличия или отсутствия клинических проявлений ДР.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. В результате проведенного исследования были выявлены ранние функциональные и морфологические нарушения нейросенсорного аппарата глаза при СД. Доказано, что мфЭРГ и МП позволяют выявлять нарушения на доклинической стадии ДР и являются необходимыми исследованиями для динамического контроля прогрессирования ДР.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose. Determining the functional state of the outer and inner retina’s layers in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 1 and 2 before the clinical manifestations and in the early stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR) using the methods of multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) and microperimetry (MP).</p></sec><sec><title>Patients and methods</title><p>Patients and methods. 91 patients were examined (182 eyes). The patients were divided into 4 groups: 1st — 23 people (46 eyes) with diabetes without DR (the duration of the disease is up to 2 years); 2nd — 22 people (44 eyes) with diabetes without DR (diabetes from 2 to 8 years); 3rd — 24 people (48 eyes) with NPDR on the background of diabetes; 4th — 22 people (44 eyes) of the control group (healthy eyes). In addition to the standard ophthalmologic examination, all patients were registered mfERG (FOK1) on the diagnostic equipment EP-1000 Multifocal (Tomey, Germany) and carried out MP using the device “MAIA” (CenterVue, Italy).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. According to mfERG, it has been established that the components of mfERG, the biopotential density and the amplitude of P1, are most sensitive to diabetic changes. In groups with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, there is a significant decrease in the density of P1 in comparison with the control group (p &lt; 0.005, Mann-Whitney test), as well as a decrease in the amplitude of P1 on almost all tested rings (p &lt; 0.005). In all groups, there is an increase in the latency of P1 in the central ring (0–2.3°). According to MP data, it was found that patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes showed a decrease in the average light sensitivity in comparison with the control group, however, our data are within the reference values, regardless of the presence or absence of clinical manifestations of PD.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. As a result of the study, early functional and morphological disorders of the neurosensory apparatus of the eye in diabetes were identified. It is proved that mfER and MP allow to detect violations at the preclinical stage of DR and are necessary studies for the dynamic control of the progression of DR.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>диабетическая ретинопатия</kwd><kwd>микропериметрия</kwd><kwd>мультифокальная электроретинография</kwd><kwd>нейродегенерация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>diabetic retinopathy</kwd><kwd>microperimetry</kwd><kwd>multifocal electroretinography</kwd><kwd>neurodegeneration</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee R., Wong T.Y., Sabanayagam C. Epidemiology of diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema and related vision loss. Eye and Vision (London). 2015;2:17. DOI: 10.1186/s40662-015-0026-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee R., Wong T.Y., Sabanayagam C. 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