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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2020-1-152-157</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-1147</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЙ СЛУЧАЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CASE REPORT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Атрофия зрительного нерва при героиновой интоксикации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Optic Nerve Atrophy in Heroin Intoxication</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иойлева</surname><given-names>Е. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ioyleva</surname><given-names>E. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иойлева Елена Эдуардовна доктор медицинских наук, ученый секретарь, профессор кафедры глазных болезней МГМСУ им. А.И. Евдокимова</p><p>Бескудниковский бульвар, 59а, Москва, 127486</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ioyleva Elena E. MD, PhD, professor</p><p>Beskudnikovsky blvd, 59a, Moscow, 127486</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зиновьева</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zinov’eva</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зиновьева Александра Витальевна ординатор</p><p>ул. Делегатская, 20, стр. 1, Москва, 127473</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zinov’eva Aleksandra V. resident</p><p>Delegatskaya str., 20, p. 1, Moscow, 127473</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aleksandra.r@live.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАУ «МНТК “Микрохирургия глаза” им. академика С.Н. Федорова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>152</fpage><lpage>157</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Иойлева Е.Э., Зиновьева А.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иойлева Е.Э., Зиновьева А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ioyleva E.E., Zinov’eva A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/1147">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/1147</self-uri><abstract><p>Одной из важных социальных проблем современного общества является наркотическая зависимость. Проблема наркомании актуальна в связи с высоким уровнем заболеваемости трудоспособных пациентов молодого возраста. Известно, что основной мишенью для воздействия психоактивных веществ является центральная нервная система. Длительные наркотические интоксикации приводят к функциональным и структурным изменениям головного мозга, следствием этого является развитие когнитивных изменений и нарушение высших психических функций, приводящих к дезадаптации в повседневной и трудовой деятельности. Поражения органа зрения при наркотическом воздействии многообразны и могут варьировать от поражений конъюнктивы до тяжелых эндогенных эндофтальмитов. Опиоидная зависимость может развиваться не только при намеренном употреблении наркотических веществ, но и при длительном рецептурном применении данной группы препаратов из-за мощного анальгезирующего эффекта в борьбе с выраженным хроническим болевым синдромом у соматически отягощенных пациентов. Производные группы опиоидов выступают в качестве частичных или полных агонистов опиоидных рецепторов трех типов — δ, κ и µ, широко экспрессируемых на нейронах центральной и, в меньшей степени, периферической нервной системы. Наиболее опасным осложнением интоксикации наркотическими веществами данной группы является развитие опиоид-индуцированной дыхательной депрессии, приводящей к гипоксемии и гиперкапнии. В работе представлен случай двусторонней атрофии зрительного нерва, развившейся у пациентки молодого возраста на фоне длительного употребления героина в виде внутривенных инъекций. Поражения зрительного нерва при героиновых интоксикациях практически не описаны в современной литературе. В качестве возможных механизмов развития атрофии зрительного нерва рассматриваются генерализованная гипоксия, возникшая на фоне хронической героиновой интоксикации, а также прямое токсическое воздействие примесей, используемых для разведения наркотических веществ в условиях «кустарного» производства. Учитывая растущую проблему употребления наркотических веществ, врачам необходимо рассматривать возможность их воздействия в отношении дифференциальной диагностики при наличии нетипичных поражений органа зрения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Drug dependence is one of important social problems in modern society. It became more actual because of the high morbidity in young working-age patients. The central nervous system is the main target for psychoactive substances. Long-term drug intoxication results in functional and structural brain alterations, it leads to cognitive impairment and disturbances of higher mental functions rendering patients’ disadapted in their work and daily life activities. Eye disorders due to drug abuse are multifaceted and can vary from conjunctival damage to severe endogenous endophthalmitis. Opioid dependence can result not only from intentional self-administration of narcotic drugs, but also from long-term prescribed use of these medicinal products owing to their potent analgesic effect exhibited in somatically ill patients with severe chronic pain. Opioid derivatives act as partial or full agonists of three types of opioid receptors (δ, κ, and µ) extensively expressed by the neurons of the central and, to a lesser extent, peripheral nervous system. The most dangerous complication of intoxication with this group narcotic drugs is opioid induced-respiratory depression resulting in hypoxaemia and hypercapnia. The paper presents a case report of bilateral optic nerve atrophy that developed in a young female patient after a long period of intravenous heroin use. There are practically no reports of optic nerve damage due to heroin intoxication in the current literature. Possible optic nerve atrophy mechanisms under discussion include generalized hypoxia developing against a background of chronic heroin intoxication and direct toxicity of admixtures used to dilute home-made narcotic drugs. In view of the growing use of these substances, physicians have to consider their effects in the differential diagnosis in patients with atypical eye disorders.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>атрофия зрительного нерва</kwd><kwd>токсическая оптическая нейропатия</kwd><kwd>оптическая когерентная томография</kwd><kwd>опиоиды</kwd><kwd>хинин</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>optic nerve atrophy</kwd><kwd>toxic optic neuropathy</kwd><kwd>optical coherence tomography</kwd><kwd>opioids</kwd><kwd>quinine</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кирсанов А.И. Молодежь и наркотики в современной России. 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