ophthalmologyОфтальмологияOphthalmology in Russia1816-50952500-0845Ophthalmology10.18008/1816-5095-2013-4-5-10ophthalmology-116Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSРоль апоптоза в патогенезе глаукомного поражения зрительного нерва при первичной открытоугольной глаукоме. Обзор литературыRole of apoptosis in the рathogenesis of glaucomatous optic nerve damage during primary open-angle glaucomaФроловМ. А.FrolovM. A.

Кафедра глазных болезней

медицинский факультет

МорозоваН. С.SlepovaO. S.

Кафедра глазных болезней

медицинский факультет

01081994@mail.ruЛовпачеДж. Н.MorozovaN. S.ФроловА. М.LovpacheDzh. N.

Кафедра глазных болезней

медицинский факультет

СлеповаО. С.FrolovA. M.Российский Университет Дружбы НародовRussian FederationФГБУ «Московский НИИ глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца» МЗ РФRussian Federation201311072014104510Copyright © Фролов М.А., Морозова Н.С., Ловпаче Д.Н., Фролов А.М., Слепова О.С., 20142014Фролов М.А., Морозова Н.С., Ловпаче Д.Н., Фролов А.М., Слепова О.С.Frolov M.A., Slepova O.S., Morozova N.S., Lovpache D.N., Frolov A.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/116

Обзор посвящен вопросу исследования молекулярных механизмов программированной клеточной гибели или процессу апоптоза при первичной открытоугольной глаукоме. В качестве одного из главных патогенетических факторов при данной патологии выступает потеря ганглиозных клеток сетчатки. Их гибель происходит вследствие апоптоза — сложно регулируемого, программируемого суицидального механизма. Рассмотрены два основных пути апоптоза, которые описаны в литературе — Fas-опосредованный и Bcl-2‑зависимый или митохондриальный. Представлено существование этих путей и их регуляторов во многих органах и тканях, в том числе, в сетчатке и зрительном нерве. На основании анализа отечественной и зарубежной литературы отражен современный взгляд на этапы развития данного процесса при глаукоме. Глубокое понимание механизмов реализации апоптоза и их регуляции может способствовать разработке новых фармакологических методов профилактики и лечения глазных заболеваний.

This work is devoted to the study of the molecular mechanisms of programmed cell death or apoptosis in primary open-angleglaucoma. As one of the main factors in the pathogenesis of this disease appears the loss of retinal ganglion cells. Their death occursby apoptosis — programmed suicide mechanism. We consider two major apoptotic pathways, which are described in the literature —Fas-mediated and Bcl-2-dependent or mitochondrial. The existence of these paths and their regulators in many organs and tissues isdescribed, including the retina and optic nerve. Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign literature is presented modern view ofthe stages of this process in glaucoma. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms of apoptosis and their regulation may contribute to the development of new pharmacological methods of prevention and treatment of eye diseases

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.