ophthalmologyОфтальмологияOphthalmology in Russia1816-50952500-0845Ophthalmology10.18008/1816-5095-2020-3-330-335ophthalmology-1271Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSСиртуины и их роль в старении органа зрения. Обзор литературыSirtuins and Their Role in the Aging Eye (Review)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5899-2714МошетоваЛ. К.MoshetovaL. K.

доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН, заведующий кафедрой офтальмологии,

ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, Москва, 125993

MD, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of Department of Eye Diseases,

Barrikadnaja str., 2/1, Moscow 123995

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6156-6126АбрамоваО. И.AbramovaO. I.

аспирант кафедры офтальмологии,

ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, Москва, 125993

postgraduate of Department of Eye Diseases,

Barrikadnaja str., 2/1, Moscow 123995

abramovao2019@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4989-7467ТуркинаК. И.TurkinaK. I.

кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры офтальмологии,

ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, Москва, 125993

PhD, Assistant Professor of Department of Eye Diseases,

Barrikadnaja str., 2/1, Moscow 123995

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9383-8026НурбековМ. К.NurbekovM. K.

кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник,

ул. Балтийская, 8, Москва, 125315

Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Research Officer,

Baltiyskaya str., 8, Moscow, 125315

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2067-0971ДмитренкоО. П.DmitrenkoO. P.

младший научный сотрудник,

ул. Балтийская, 8, Москва, 125315

Research Assistant,

Baltiyskaya str., 8, Moscow, 125315

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2014-2535СабуринаИ. Н.SaburinaI. N.

доктор биологических наук, профессор,

2-й Боткинский проезд, 7, корп. 2, Москва, 125284;

ул. Балтийская, 8, Москва, 125315

Dr. of Biological Sciences, Professor,

2nd Botkinsky passage, 7/2, Moscow 125284;

Baltiyskaya str., 8, Moscow, 125315

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8913-822XКочергинС. А.KocherginS. A.

доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры офтальмологии,

ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, Москва, 125993

MD, Professor of Department of Eye Diseases,

Barrikadnaja str., 2/1, Moscow 123995

ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияRussian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional EducationRussian FederationФГБОУ «Научно-исследовательский институт общей патологии и патофизиологии»РоссияThe Institute of General Pathology and PathophysiologyRussian FederationНаучно-исследовательский институт молекулярной и персонализированной медицины ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; ФГБОУ «Научно-исследовательский институт общей патологии и патофизиологии»Россияar and Personalized Medicine of Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education; The Institute of General Pathology and PathophysiologyRussian Federation202022092020173330335Copyright © Мошетова Л.К., Абрамова О.И., Туркина К.И., Нурбеков М.К., Дмитренко О.П., Сабурина И.Н., Кочергин С.А., 20202020Мошетова Л.К., Абрамова О.И., Туркина К.И., Нурбеков М.К., Дмитренко О.П., Сабурина И.Н., Кочергин С.А.Moshetova L.K., Abramova O.I., Turkina K.I., Nurbekov M.K., Dmitrenko O.P., Saburina I.N., Kochergin S.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/1271

Нарушение зрения у пожилых людей — это серьезная проблема, которая существенно влияет на качество жизни миллионов людей во всем мире. Масштабы этой проблемы становятся все более очевидными по мере старения населения и увеличения числа пожилых людей. Возрастная дегенерация желтого пятна (ВМД) является третьей по значимости причиной слепоты во всем мире и основной причиной потери зрения у лиц старше 60 лет. Ожидается, что к 2040 году ВМД затронет около 288 миллионов человек. ВМД является многофакторным заболеванием, имеющим прогрессирующий характер течения. Возникающие дистрофические изменения сетчатки не может обратить вспять ни один из ныне существующих методов лечения. Много исследований и усилий уже было приложено для выявления различных биомаркеров прогнозирования заболеваемости, лиц, подверженных риску, патогенетических механизмов данного заболевания, а также для поиска действенных способов лечения и профилактики. Основой патогенетических изменений, которые возникают при ВМД, является старение. Биомаркеры старения — это измеряемые показатели жизнедеятельности, которые качественно и количественно изменяются в зависимости от возраста организма. Метилирование ДНК — молекулярный механизм, являющийся потенциальным биомаркером старения. Сиртуины опосредованно участвуют в данном процессе, регулируя активность фермента DNMT1. В статье рассматриваются современные знания о механизмах, лежащих в основе действия сиртуинов (Sirtuins/SIRT), с акцентом на SIRT1. Анализ влияния на звенья патофизиологической цепочки действия сиртуинов может сказаться на предотвращении и лечении патологических изменений глаза, связанных с ВМД. В статье приведены источники литературы, содержащие результаты исследований по влиянию SIRT1 как маркера старения тканей организма. Учитывая эти данные, можно сказать, что SIRT1 служит привлекательным кандидатом для разработки терапевтических стратегий по предотвращению раннего старения тканей глаза, в частности такого возраст-ассоциированного заболевания, как возрастная макулярная дегенерация. Воздействие на генетические механизмы возникновения данного заболевания является перспективным направлением в его лечении.

Visual impairment in elderly people is a serious problem that significantly affects the quality of life of millions people around the world. The magnitude of this problem is becoming increasingly apparent as the population ages and the number of older people increases. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the third leading cause of blindness worldwide and the main cause of vision loss in people over 60 years. It is expected that AMD will affect about 288 million people by 2040. AMD is a multifactorial disease with a progressive course. The arised dystrophic changes in the retina cannot be reversed by any of the known treatment methods. A lot of research and effort has already been invested in identifying various biomarkers for predicting the incidence rate, identifying people at risk, finding out the pathogenetic mechanisms of this disease, and finding effective methods of treatment and prevention.

Aging is the basis of pathological changes that occur during AMD. Aging biomarkers are measurable vital signs that qualitatively and quantitatively change with the age of the body. DNA methylation is a molecular mechanism that is a potential biomarker of aging. Sirtuins indirectly participate in this process, regulating the activity of the DNMT1 enzyme. The article discusses current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the action of sirtuins (Sirtuins / SIRT), with an emphasis on SIRT1. Analysis of the pathophysiological action of sirtuins can affect the prevention and treatment of pathological eye changes associated with AMD. The article provides literature sources containing the results of studies of the effect of SIRT1 as a marker of aging in body tissues. SIRT1 is an attractive candidate for developing therapeutic strategies preventing early eye aging, in particular, age-associated diseases such as AMD The impact on the genetic mechanisms of this disease is a promising direction in treatment.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.