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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2020-3-336-343</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-1272</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Структурно-функциональные нарушения при глаукоме: перспективы доклинической диагностики. Часть 1. Насколько релевантен поиск того, что первично?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Structural and Functional Disorders in Glaucoma: the Prospects for Preclinical Diagnosis. Part 1. Is the Search for what Comes First Relevant?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нероев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Neroev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, директор, на‑ чальник отдела патологии сетчатки и зрительного нерва,</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director of the Institute, Head of the Department of Pathology of the Retina and Optic Nerve,</p><p>Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya str., 14/19, Moscow, 105062</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0161-5010</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зуева</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zueva</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор, доктор биологических наук, начальник отдела клинической физио‑ логии зрения им. С.В. Кравкова,</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Biological Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Clinical Physiology of Vision named after S.V. Kravkov,</p><p>Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya str., 14/19, Moscow, 105062</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">visionlab@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Журавлева</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhuravleva</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник отдела глаукомы,</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Researcher of the Department of Glaucoma,</p><p>Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya str., 14/19, Moscow, 105062</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цапенко</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsapenko</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела клинической физиологии зрения им. С.В. Кравкова,</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher of the Department of Clinical Physiology of Vision named after S.V. Kravkov,</p><p>Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya str., 14/19, Moscow, 105062</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр глазных болезней имени Гельмгольца» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Helmholtz National Medical Center of Eye Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>09</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>336</fpage><lpage>343</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Нероев В.В., Зуева М.В., Журавлева А.Н., Цапенко И.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Нероев В.В., Зуева М.В., Журавлева А.Н., Цапенко И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Neroev V.V., Zueva M.V., Zhuravleva A.N., Tsapenko I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/1272">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/1272</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзоре анализируются возможности современных технологий структурной нейровизуализации сетчатки, стандартной периметрии и исследований глазного кровотока в ранней диагностике и менеджменте глаукомы. Обсуждается релевантность поиска тех структурно-функциональных изменений, которые первичны при развитии глаукомной оптической нейропатии (ГОН), и того метода диагностики, который имеет наибольшее клиническое значение. Прогресс в понимании патогенеза глаукомы и расширение научных представлений о ключевых факторах риска развития и прогрессирования заболевания, включая генетические факторы, может быть критично важным для обоснования новых стратегий доклинической диагностики и развития кардинально новых подходов к персонифицированной и превентивной терапии глаукомы. Однако поиск того, что возникает наиболее рано при первичной открытоугольной глаукоме — изменения структуры или функции, — не будет иметь клинической значимости, если не принимать во внимание возможности конкретных методов структурной и функциональной нейровизуализации, которые представляют информацию на различных уровнях организации зрительной системы. Поиск единственного первичного фактора в патогенезе ГОН может привести к ошибочному преувеличению тесной связи между изучаемыми переменными, которая в реальности или не существует как причинно-следственное отношение, или значительно меньше, чем предполагается, — феномен, называемый «иллюзорной корреляцией». В основе надежной диагностики ранних изменений, возникающих до клинической манифестации глаукомы, наиболее вероятно, будет лежать комбинация структурных, функциональных и гемодинамических показателей, которая призвана не столько повысить чувствительность диагностики в выявлении наиболее ранних событий в развитии ГОН, сколько резко улучшить понимание и качество интерпретации тех маркеров, которыми мы владеем.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review analyzes the capabilities of modern technologies of structural neuroimaging of the retina, standard perimetry, and studies of ocular blood flow in the early diagnosis and management of glaucoma. The relevance of the search for those structural and functional changes that are primary in the development of glaucomatous optical neuropathy (GON) and the diagnostic method that has the greatest clinical significance is discussed. Progress in understanding the pathogenesis of glaucoma and the expansion of scientific understanding of key risk factors for the development and progression of the disease, including genetic factors, can be crucially important to substantiate new strategies for preclinical diagnosis and the development of radically new approaches to personalized and preventive glaucoma therapy. However, the search for what arises most early with in primary open-angle glaucoma — changes in structure or function — will not have clinical relevance unless you take into account the capabilities of specific methods of structural and functional neuroimaging that represent information at various levels of organization of the visual system. The search for a single primary factor in the pathogenesis of GON can lead to an erroneous exaggeration of the close relationship between the variables being studied, which in reality either does not exist as a causal relationship or is significantly less than what is supposed — the phenomenon called “illusory correlation”. The reliable diagnosis of early changes that occur before the clinical manifestation of glaucoma is most likely to be based on a combination of structural, functional, and hemodynamic indicators, aimed not only to increase the sensitivity of diagnosis in detecting the earliest events in the development of GON, but rather to dramatically improve the understanding and quality of interpretation of those markers that we own.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>глаукома</kwd><kwd>структурно-функциональные нарушения</kwd><kwd>глазной кровоток</kwd><kwd>доклиническая диагностика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>glaucoma</kwd><kwd>structural and functional disorders</kwd><kwd>eye blood flow</kwd><kwd>preclinical diagnostics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Quigley H.A., Broman A.T. 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