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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2020-3-414-421</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-1282</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ И ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL &amp; EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Распространенность наследственных нарушений цветовосприятия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Prevalence of Color Vision Deficiencies</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаров</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarov</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник,</p><p>Хорошевское шоссе, 76а, Москва, 123007</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Senior Research Officer,</p><p>Horoshevskoe highway, 76A, Moscow, 123007</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">igor-niigb@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН ГНЦ РФ «Институт медико-биологических проблем» Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Biomedical Problems</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>09</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>414</fpage><lpage>421</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Макаров И.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Макаров И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Makarov I.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/1282">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/1282</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: исследовать распространенность нарушений цветовосприятия у лиц молодого возраста, учащихся высшего учебного заведения.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Исследование было проведено в течение полугода — осеннего семестра. Всего обследовано 1609 студентов в возрасте 17–21 год, преимущественно младших курсов обучения, юношей было 1191, девушек — 418. Обследование было проведено с целью определения групп здоровья при занятиях физической подготовкой и в различных спортивных секциях одного высшего учебного заведения. При офтальмологическом обследовании определяли нарушения рефракции, различную глазную патологию, что имеет значение для определения групп здоровья. При оценке нарушений цветовосприятия были использованы полихроматические таблицы Е.Б. Рабкина для исследования цветоощущения и цветовой тест Neitz Lab (UW Medicine). Проводили сравнение полученных результатов этих тестов по продолжительности, эффективности тестирования, определение диссимуляции, оценку смещения цветового спектра у лиц с нарушениями цветовосприятия.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Всего нарушения рефракции были выявлены у 856 студентов (53,2 %), из них миопия высокой степени у 40. Нарушения цветовосприятия отметили у 101 студента (8,48 %) из 1191 обследуемого лица мужского пола при использовании цветового теста Neitz. Дихромазия обнаружена у 2,1 % студентов, из них дейтеранопия — в 1,43 %. Более всего было выявлено нарушений относительно восприятия оттенков светло-коричневого и светло-зеленого цвета. У трети здоровых студентов отмечали нарушение в различении светло-коричневого цвета от светло-серого. Эти изменения не были связаны с рефракцией глаза. Одновременное нарушение восприятия оттенков красного, зеленого, желтого и синего цветов отмечено у 1 обследуемого, что было связано с врожденной катарактой. Еще у 4 юношей нарушения были обусловлены приобретенными заболеваниями глаза. У 2 девушек выявили нарушения восприятия пастельного оттенка светло-зеленого цвета, причем у одной девушки (0,24 %) нарушение было на двух глазах и, предположительно, было обусловлено генной аномалией, у еще одной девушки — на одном глазу, что было связано с частичной атрофией зрительного нерва после перенесенного оптического неврита.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Использование цветового теста Neitz расширяет диагностические возможности, поскольку в своем дизайне он имеет пастельные оттенки светлозеленого и светло-коричневого цвета на сером фоне, уменьшает вероятность диссимуляции, сокращает время обследования. Благодаря своему дизайну тест Neitz Lab позволяет увеличить возможности для более точной и дифференциальной диагностики дихромазий, аномальных трихромазий и приобретенных нарушений цветовосприятия. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose. The study of color deficiencies prevalence in young people, students of higher educational university.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study was carried for the half year — fall semester. A total of 1,609 students were examined, aged 17–21. There were 1191 boys and 418 girls. The survey was conducted to determine the health groups in physical training and in various sports sections. An ophthalmologic examination determined refractive disorders and other ocular pathology, which is important for determining health groups. Rabkin polychromatic tables and Neitz color vision test (Neitz Lab (UW Medicine) were used for determining of color deficiencies. The obtained results of these tests were compared in terms of the time spent on the test, the results of the test effectiveness, the determination of dissimulation, and the assessment of the shift in the color spectrum in individuals with impaired color perception.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A total of refractive disorders were detected in 856 students (53.2 %). The high degree of myopia was in 40. Disorders of color deficient were noted in 101 students (8.48 %) of 1191 male subjects when using the Neitz color test. Dichromatic eye changes were observed from 2.1 % students: protanopia and deiteranopia were in 0.67 % and 1.43 %. Most of all there were violations with the perception of shades of light brown and light green colors. A third of healthy students noted the impossibility of distinguishing light brown from light gray. This is regardless of the state of refraction. Simultaneous violations of the perception of shades of red, green, yellow and blue were observed in one subject, it was associated with congenital cataracts. In four young people, acquired eye diseases caused. In two girls, violations of the perception of a pastel shade of light green were noted, with one girl (0.24 %) having a violation in two eyes, and was presumably due to a gene anomaly. The second girl had one eye and was associated with partial atrophy of the optic nerve after the optic neuritis.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Neitz color test expands the diagnostic possibilities, since in its design it has pastel shades of light green and light brown colors on a gray background, reduces the likelihood of dissimulation, reduces the time of the survey. Neitz color test allows to expand the possibilities for more accurate and differential diagnosis dichromatic and anormal trichromatic subjects and acquired color vision defects. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цветовые тесты</kwd><kwd>протанопия</kwd><kwd>дейтеранопия</kwd><kwd>протаномалия</kwd><kwd>дейтераномалия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>сolor vision tests</kwd><kwd>protanopia</kwd><kwd>deuteranopia</kwd><kwd>protananomaly</kwd><kwd>deuteranomaly</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Imamoto Y., Shichida Y. Cone visual pigments. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014;1837(5):664–673. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.08.009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Imamoto Y., Shichida Y. Cone visual pigments. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014;1837(5):664–673. 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