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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2020-3S-604-609</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-1325</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ И ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL &amp; EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Мышца Мюллера верхнего века: патогистологические особенности при врожденном и приобретенном виде птоза</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Muller Muscle of the Upper Eyelid: Histopathological Features of Congenital and Acquired Ptosis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Катаев</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kataev</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий отделом реконструктивно‑восстановительной и пластической хирургии</p><p>Бескудниковский бульвар, 59а, Москва, 127486, Российская Федерация </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Professor, head of the department of reconstructive and plastic surgery</p><p>Beskudnikovsky blvd, 59а, Moscow, 127486, Russian Federation </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шацких</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shatskikh</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий отделом лаборатории патогистологической анатомии и гистологии глаза</p><p>Бескудниковский бульвар, 59а, Москва, 127486, Российская Федерация </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, head of the laboratory of pathohistological anatomy and histology of the eye</p><p>Beskudnikovsky blvd, 59а, Moscow, 127486, Russian Federation </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaharova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, врач‑офтальмолог, научный сотрудник отдела реконструктивно‑восстановительной и пластической хирургии</p><p>Бескудниковский бульвар, 59а, Москва, 127486, Российская Федерация</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, ophthalmologist, researcher of the department of reconstructive and plastic surgery</p><p>Beskudnikovsky blvd, 59а, Moscow, 127486, Russian Federation </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8364-6349</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дзагурова</surname><given-names>З. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dzagurova</surname><given-names>Z. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач‑офтальмолог, очный аспирант отдела реконструктивно‑восстановительной и пластической хирургии</p><p>Бескудниковский бульвар, 59а, Москва, 127486, Российская Федерация </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>ophthalmologist, post‑graduate of the department of reconstructive and plastic surgery</p><p>Beskudnikovsky blvd, 59а, Moscow, 127486, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zarinadzagur@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шахматова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shahmatova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач‑офтальмолог, очный аспирант отдела реконструктивно‑восстановительной и пластической хирургии</p><p>Бескудниковский бульвар, 59а, Москва, 127486, Российская Федерация </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>ophthalmologist, post‑graduate of the department of reconstructive and plastic surgery</p><p>Beskudnikovsky blvd, 59а, Moscow, 127486, Russian Federation </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Катаева</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kataeva</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ординатор отдела реконструктивно‑восстановительной и пластической хирургии</p><p>Бескудниковский бульвар, 59а, Москва, 127486, Российская Федерация </p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>residency student of the department of reconstructive and plastic surgery</p><p>Beskudnikovsky blvd, 59а, Moscow, 127486, Russian Federation </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАУ «МНТК “Микрохирургия глаза” им. академика С.Н. Федорова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>11</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>3s</issue><fpage>604</fpage><lpage>609</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Катаев М.Г., Шацких А.В., Захарова М.А., Дзагурова З.Р., Шахматова А.В., Катаева Н.М., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Катаев М.Г., Шацких А.В., Захарова М.А., Дзагурова З.Р., Шахматова А.В., Катаева Н.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kataev M.G., Shatskikh A.V., Zaharova M.A., Dzagurova Z.R., Shahmatova A.V., Kataeva N.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/1325">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/1325</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: изучить гистологические особенности мышцы Мюллера верхнего века у пациентов с врожденным и приобретенным птозом с целью наиболее точного понимания механизма возникновения птоза. </p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ 29 интраоперационно полученных биоптатов мышцы Мюллера верхнего века. Для исследования биоптаты были фиксированы в растворе нейтрального формалина и подготовлены методом  парафинизации. После окрашивания гематоксилинэозином и по методике Ван-Гизона  препараты изучены при световой микроскопии при различных увеличениях. </p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. При врожденном птозе верхнего века гистологически выявлена атрофия гладкомышечной ткани, что проявилось уменьшением количества мышечных волокон на фоне фиброзной трансформации мышечной ткани. В микропрепаратах пациентов с  приобретенным птозом обнаружены жировые клетки, расположенные среди пучков  гладкомышечных волокон, а также дисперсия миоцитов. Жировая инфильтрация мышцы  Мюллера варьировала в 21–63 %. </p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Наличие дистрофических изменений мышцы Мюллера при врожденном и приобретенном птозе доказано при гистологическом исследовании. Выявленные  особенности объясняют патогенетические механизмы формирования врожденного и  приобретенного птоза. В случае приобретенного птоза жировая дистрофия является самостоятельным этиопатогенетическим фактором, в связи с этим необходима  нестандартная тактика хирургического лечения с целью нивелирования риска рецидива  в раннем и позднем послеоперационном периоде.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose: to study the histological features of the Muller muscle of the upper eyelid in patients with congenital and acquired ptosis to understand the mechanism of ptosis. </p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. Retrospective analysis of 27 intraoperatively obtained biopsies of the Muller muscle of the upper eyelid. For the study, the biopsies were fixed in a formalin and prepared by paraffinization. After  staining with hematoxylin and eosin and Van Gieson, the preparations were studied in a light microscope. </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In congenital ptosis of the upper eyelid histologically revealed atrophy of smooth muscle tissue, which manifested itself in a decrease in the number of muscle fibers on the background of fibrous transformation. In micro specimens of patients with acquired ptosis discovered fat cells located among the bundles of smooth muscle fibers, the dispersion of the myocytes. Fat infiltration of muscle ranged from 29 to 51.6 %.</p><p>Conclusion The presence of dystrophic changes in Muller muscle in congenital and acquired ptosis was proved by histological method. The revealed features explain the pathogenetic mechanisms of the formation of congenital and acquired ptosis. In the case of acquired ptosis, fat dystrophy is an independent etiological factor, and therefore requires non-standard tactics of surgical treatment in order to neutralize the risk of recurrence in the early and late postoperative periods. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мышца Мюллера</kwd><kwd>птоз</kwd><kwd>веки</kwd><kwd>гистологическое исследование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Muller muscle</kwd><kwd>ptosis</kwd><kwd>eyelids</kwd><kwd>histological examination</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beard C. Müller’s superior tarsal muscle: anatomy, physiology, and clinical significance. Ann Plast Surg. 1985;14:324–333. DOI: 10.1097/00000637‑198504000‑00005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beard C. Müller’s superior tarsal muscle: anatomy, physiology, and clinical significance. 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