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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2021-2-234-239</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-1538</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Участие мелатонина в физиологии глаза и его значение при лечении офтальмологических заболеваний (обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Role of Melatonin in Human Eye Physiology and Its Implications for Ophthalmic Diseases Treatment (Review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ходжаев</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khodzhaev</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заместитель генерального директора по организационной работе и инновационному развитию,</p><p>Бескудниковский бульвар, 59а, 127486, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Professor, deputy director,</p><p>Beskudnikovskiy blvd, 59А, Moscow, 127486</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стадников</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stadnikov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор биологических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии,</p><p>ул. М. Горького, 45, Оренбург, 460000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of biological sciences, Professor, head of the Histology, cytology and embryology department,</p><p>Sovetskaya str., 6, Orenburg, 460000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чупров</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chuprov</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор,</p><p>ул. Салмышская, 17, Оренбург, 460047</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Professor, director,</p><p>Salmyshskaya str., 17, Orenburg, 460047</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ким</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующая IV офтальмологическим отделением,</p><p>ул. Салмышская, 17, Оренбург, 460047</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>head of IV Ophthalmology department,</p><p>Salmyshskaya str., 17, Orenburg, 460047</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маршинская</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Marshinskaya</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник,</p><p>ул. 9 Января, 29, Оренбург, 460000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>research assistant,</p><p>9th Yanvarya str., 29, Orenburg, 460000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m.olja2013@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАУ НМИЦ «МНТК “Микрохирургия глаза” им. академика С.Н. Федорова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Оренбургский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Orenburg State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Оренбургский филиал ФГАУ НМИЦ «МНТК “Микрохирургия глаза” им. академика С.Н. Федорова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Orenburg branch of S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Федеральный научный центр биологических систем и агротехнологий» Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>234</fpage><lpage>239</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ходжаев Н.С., Стадников А.А., Чупров А.Д., Ким С.М., Маршинская О.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ходжаев Н.С., Стадников А.А., Чупров А.Д., Ким С.М., Маршинская О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khodzhaev N.S., Stadnikov A.A., Chuprov A.D., Kim S.M., Marshinskaya O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/1538">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/1538</self-uri><abstract><p>Мелатонин является гормоном эпифиза и регулятором циркадных ритмов живых организмов, который оказывает влияние на ряд важных физиологических процессов. Синтез мелатонина также обнаружен и в других органах, в частности в различных структурах глазного яблока. Ряд исследований показывает, что мелатонин играет важную роль в ряде биохимических и физиологических процессов, обеспечивающих функционирование зрительного анализатора. В данном обзоре представлена информация о синтезе мелатонина, его секреции и метаболизме. Рассмотрены основные сведения о мелатониновых рецепторах (МТ1, МТ2 и МТ3), их локализации в различных структурах глаза и сродстве к мелатонину. В последние годы внимание исследователей привлечено к терапевтическим свойствам мелатонина при лечении возрастных заболеваний. Агрессивные воздействия солнечного излучения и токсикантов окружающей среды подвергают орган зрения окислительным атакам. Накоплено большое количество доказательств участия оксидативного стресса в развитии многих глазных заболеваний, в результате которых происходит дисбаланс между генерацией активных форм кислорода и экспрессией антиоксидантных ферментов. Мелатонин, обладающий антиоксидантными и противовоспалительными свойствами, регулирующий митохондриальные функции, может представлять мощный инструмент для противодействия возрастным изменениям. В глобальном масштабе число людей всех возрастов с нарушениями зрения оценивается в 285 миллионов. Катаракта и возрастная макулярная дегенерация являются ведущими причинами потери зрения у людей по всему миру. ВМД и катаракта часто сосуществуют у пациентов, поэтому есть опасения, что хирургия возрастной катаракты повышает риск заболеваемости и прогрессирования ВМД. Патогенез как катаракты, так и ВМД до конца еще не ясен, хотя выдвинут ряд теорий, в том числе окислительного стресса, возрастных изменений, воспалительных процессов и т.д. Анализ научных достижений, современной отечественной и зарубежной литературы показывает перспективность применения мелатонина в качестве профилактического и терапевтического средства при лечении офтальмологических заболеваний различного генеза. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Melatonin is a hormone of the epiphysis and a regulator of circadian rhythms of living organisms, which affects a number of important physiological processes. Melatonin synthesis has also been found in other organs, in particular in various structural systems of the eyeball. A number of studies demonstrate that melatonin plays an important role in a variety of biochemical and physiological processes that ensure functioning of visual analyzer. This review provides information on the synthesis of melatonin, its secretion and metabolism, considers key information about melatonin receptors (MT1, MT2 and MT3), their localization in various eye’s structures, and their affinity to melatonin. Over the last years, researchers’ attention has been drawn to the therapeutic properties of melatonin, relevant for treatment of age-related diseases. The aggressive effects of solar radiation and environmental toxicants expose the organ of vision to oxidative attacks. A large amount of evidence has been accumulated of the participation of oxidative stress in the development of many eye diseases, resulting in an imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species and the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Melatonin, which has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and regulates mitochondrial functions, can be a powerful tool to counter age-related changes. Globally, the number of people of all ages with visual impairment is estimated at 285 million. Cataract and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are the leading causes of vision loss around the world. AMD and cataracts often coexist in patients, so there is a concern that age-related cataract surgery increases the risk of morbidity and progression of AMD. The pathogenesis of both cataracts and AMD is still unclear, although a number of theories have been put forward, including oxidative stress, age-related changes, inflammatory processes, etc. Analysis of modern domestic and foreign literature shows good perspectives of using melatonin as preventive and therapeutic agent in the treatment of ophthalmic diseases of various origins. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мелатонин</kwd><kwd>рецепторы мелатонина</kwd><kwd>возрастные изменения</kwd><kwd>катаракта</kwd><kwd>возрастная макулярная дегенерация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>melatonin</kwd><kwd>melatonin receptors</kwd><kwd>age-related changes</kwd><kwd>cataract</kwd><kwd>age-related macular degeneration</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tök L., Nazıroğlu M., Doğan S., Kahya MC., Tök O. 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