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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2021-3-389-398</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-1590</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>К вопросу о терминологии, экспертных критериях оценки эффективности антиангиогенной терапии и распространенности рефрактерных форм неоваскулярной возрастной макулярной дегенерации. Обзор</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>To the Question of Terminology, Expert Criteria for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Antiangiogenic Therapy and the Prevalence of Refractory Forms of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3175-9592</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лихванцева</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Likhvantseva</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лихванцева Вера Геннадьевна - доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры офтальмологии </p><p>ул. Гамалеи, 15, Москва, 123098; Волоколамское шоссе, 91, Москва, 125310</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Likhvantseva Vera G., МD, Professor of the Ophthalmology Department </p><p>15 Gamalei str., Moscow, 123098; Volokolamskoe highway 91, Moscow, 125371</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">likhvantseva-4@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трубилин</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trubilin</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трубилин Владимир Николаевич - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой офтальмологии</p><p>ул. Гамалеи, 15, Москва, 123098; Волоколамское шоссе, 91, Москва, 125310</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Trubilin Vladimir N., МD, Professor, head of the Ophthalmology Department </p><p>15 Gamalei str., Moscow, 123098; Volokolamskoe highway 91, Moscow, 125371</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Капкова</surname><given-names>С. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kapkova</surname><given-names>S. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Капкова Светлана Георгиевна - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры офтальмологии </p><p>ул. Гамалеи, 15, Москва, 123098; Волоколамское шоссе, 91, Москва, 125310</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kapkova Svetlana G., PhD, Assistant Professor of the Ophthalmology Department </p><p>15 Gamalei str., Moscow, 123098; Volokolamskoe highway 91, Moscow, 125371</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Геворкян</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gevorgyan</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Геворкян Армине Сейрановна</p><p>Волоколамское шоссе, 91, Москва, 125310; 2-й Тверской-Ямской пер., 10, Москва, 125047</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gevorgyan Armine S., ophthalmologist </p><p>Volokolamskoe highway 91, Moscow, 125371; 2nd Tverskoy-Yamskoy lane, 10, Moscow, 125047</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ ГНЦ — «Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна» Федерального медико-биологического агентства; &#13;
Академия постдипломного образования ФГБУ «Федеральный научно-клинический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий» Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of the Federal Medical Biological Agency;&#13;
Academy of postgraduate education of FMBA of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Академия постдипломного образования ФГБУ «Федеральный научно-клинический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий» Федерального медико-биологического агентства; &#13;
Клиника академика Ройтберга АО «Медицина»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academy of postgraduate education of FMBA of Russia; &#13;
Academician Roitberg Clinic JSC "Medicine"</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>389</fpage><lpage>398</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лихванцева В.Г., Трубилин В.Н., Капкова С.Г., Геворкян А.С., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лихванцева В.Г., Трубилин В.Н., Капкова С.Г., Геворкян А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Likhvantseva V.G., Trubilin V.N., Kapkova S.G., Gevorgyan A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/1590">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/1590</self-uri><abstract><p>Авторы представили обзор исследований по оценке эффективности антиангиогенной терапии больных неоваскулярной формой возрастной макулярной дегенерации (ВМД). Целью настоящего обзора является уточнение распространенности истинно рефрактерных форм ВМД по литературным данным. Большинство экспертов считают маркером «рефрактерности» выход красителя из сосудов на флюоресцентной ангиографии, фиброваскулярную отслойку пигментного эпителия с интраретинальной и/или субретинальной жидкостью на оптической когерентной томографии, увеличение геморрагий на глазном дне по сравнению с исходным уровнем после загрузочной фазы терапии. Анализ литературы показал широкий коридор показателей, обусловленный различными подходами и сроками оценки статуса респондента, а также экспертными критериями эффективности антиангиогенной терапии. Кроме того, авторы обратили внимание на различное понимание терминов «тахифилаксия» и «толерантность», представленное исследователями в работах. Во многих статьях идет подмена этих представлений. В работе представлены принципиальные различия этих биологических феноменов по клинике и динамике морфометрических данных, а также по срокам развития. Между тем преодоление резистентности предполагает точную диагностику фармакологической причины с последующим дифференцированным подходом к решению проблемы. Представлен обзор работ по преодолению рефрактерности к антиангиогенным препаратам различными способами.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The authors presented a review of studies aimed at assessing the effectiveness of antiangiogenic therapy in patients with neovascular form of age-related macular degeneration. The purpose of this review was to clarify the prevalence of true refractory forms of WMD on literary data. The vast majority of experts consider the marker of “refractory” the exit of the dye from the vessels on fluorescent angiography (FAG), fibrovascular detachment of pigment epithelium with intraretinal and/or subretinal fluid on optical coherent tomography, an increase in hemorrhage on the eye compared to the initial level of post-loading phase therapy. The analysis showed a wide corridor of indicators, due to different approaches and timing of the assessment of the respondent’s status, as well as expert criteria for the effectiveness of antiangiogenic therapy. In addition, the authors drew attention to the different understanding of the terms tahiphylaxis and tolerance, presented by the researchers. Many papers are replacing these perceptions. The our work presents the fundamental differences of these biological phenomena in the clinic and morphometric data, as well as the timing of development. Meanwhile, overcoming resistance involves an accurate diagnosis of the pharmacological cause and a subsequent differentiated approach to solving the problem. An overview of the work on overcoming refractory to antiangiogenic drugs in various ways is presented.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>возрастная макулярная дегенерация</kwd><kwd>антиангиогенная терапия</kwd><kwd>тахифилаксия</kwd><kwd>толерантность</kwd><kwd>резистентность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>age-related macular degeneration</kwd><kwd>antiangiogenic therapy</kwd><kwd>tahiphylaxis</kwd><kwd>tolerance</kwd><kwd>resistance</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rofagha S., Bhisitkul R.B., Boyer D.S., Sadda S.R., Zhang K. SEVEN-UP Study Group Seven-year outcomes in ranibizumab-treated patients in ANCHOR, MARINA, and HORIZON: a multicenter cohort study (SEVEN-UP). 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