ophthalmologyОфтальмологияOphthalmology in Russia1816-50952500-0845Ophthalmology10.18008/1816-5095-2021-3-459-469ophthalmology-1601Research ArticleКЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ И ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯCLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHДиабетическая ретинопатия. Морфофункциональное состояние сетчатки у реципиентов поджелудочной железыDiabetic Retinopathy. Morphofunctional State of the Retina in Pancreas Recipientshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2707-8417ВоробьеваИ. В.VorobyevaI. V.

Воробьева Ирина Витальевна - доктор медицинских наук, доцент кафедры офтальмологии 

ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1, Москва, 123242

Vorobyeva Irina V., МD, Associate Professor of the Ophthalmology Department

Barrikadnaya str., 2/1, bld. 1, Moscow, 123242

irina.docent2000@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5899-2714МошетоваЛ. К.MoshetovaL. K.

Мошетова Лариса Константиновна - академик РАН, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой офтальмологии 

ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1, Москва, 123242

Moshetova Larisa K., МD, Professor, full-member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, head of the Ophthalmology department

Barrikadnaya str., 2/1, bld. 1, Moscow, 123242

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9019-9567ПинчукА. В.PinchukA. V.

Пинчук Алексей Валерьевич - доктор медицинских наук, доцент кафедры трансплантологии и искусственных органов, заведующий научным отделением трансплантации почки и поджелудочной железы 

Большая Сухаревская пл., 3, Москва, 129090; ул. Делегатская, 20, стр. 1, Москва, 127473;ул. Большая Татарская, 30, Москва, 115184

Pinchuk Aleksey V., МD, Associate Professor of the Transplantology Department and Artificial Organs, head of the Scientific Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation Department 

Bolshaya Sukharevskaya sq., 3, Moscow, 129090; Delegatskaya str., 20/1, Moscow, 127473; Bolshaya Tatarskaya str., 30, Moscow, 115184

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7201-3885БулаваЕ. В.BulavaE. V.

Булава Евгений Валерьевич - аспирант кафедры офтальмологии 

ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1, Москва, 123242

Bulava Evgeniy V., postgraduate of the Ophthalmology department

Barrikadnaya str., 2/1, bld. 1, Moscow, 123242

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0473-9932ЛазареваК. Е.LazarevaK. E.

Лазарева Ксения Евгеньевна - кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры трансплантологии и искусственных органов, врач-эндокринолог отделения трансплантации почки и поджелудочной железы 

Большая Сухаревская пл., 3, Москва, 129090; ул. Делегатская, 20, стр. 1, Москва, 127473

Lazareva Ksenia E.,  PhD, Assistant of the Department of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Endocrinologist of the Department of Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation 

Bolshaya Sukharevskaya sq., 3, Moscow, 129090; Delegatskaya str., 20/1, Moscow, 127473

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0156-2107ЖуравельН. С.ZhuravelN. S.

Журавель Никита Сергеевич - врач-хирург отделения трансплантации почки и поджелудочной железы 

Большая Сухаревская пл., 3, Москва, 129090

Zhuravel Nikita S., surgeon the of Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation Department 

Bolshaya Sukharevskaya sq., 3, Moscow, 129090

ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияRussian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional EducationRussian FederationГБУЗ «Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи имени Н.В. Склифосовского Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»; ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет имени А.И. Евдокимова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; ГБУ «Научно-исследовательский институт организации здравоохранения и медицинского менеджмента Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»РоссияN.V. Sklifosovskiy Research Institute for Emergency Medical Aid; A.I. Evdokimov Moscow University of Medicine & Dentistry; Research Institute of Public Health Organization and Medical ManagementRussian FederationГБУЗ «Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи имени Н.В. Склифосовского Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»; ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет имени А.И. Евдокимова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияN.V. Sklifosovskiy Research Institute for Emergency Medical Aid; A.I. Evdokimov Moscow University of Medicine & DentistryRussian FederationГБУЗ «Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи имени Н.В. Склифосовского Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»РоссияN.V. Sklifosovskiy Research Institute for Emergency Medical AidRussian Federation202130092021183459469Copyright © Воробьева И.В., Мошетова Л.К., Пинчук А.В., Булава Е.В., Лазарева К.Е., Журавель Н.С., 20212021Воробьева И.В., Мошетова Л.К., Пинчук А.В., Булава Е.В., Лазарева К.Е., Журавель Н.С.Vorobyeva I.V., Moshetova L.K., Pinchuk A.V., Bulava E.V., Lazareva K.E., Zhuravel N.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/1601

Сахарный диабет (СД) является одним из самых распространенных и быстро прогрессирующих заболеваний в мире. Диабетическая ретинопатия (ДР) — частое осложнение СД и основная причина потери зрения у людей среднего и пожилого возраста. Развитие и прогрессирование ДР тесно связаны с длительностью СД, гипергликемией и артериальной гипертензией. Все больше свидетельств указывают на то, что воспаление является одним из ключевых звеньев патогенеза диабетического поражения сетчатки, однако точные молекулярные механизмы еще предстоит узнать. Трансплантация поджелудочной железы (ТПЖ) в настоящее время является единственным эффективным методом лечения СД, который позволяет восстановить нормальный физиологический метаболизм глюкозы. В связи с ограниченным количеством операций по ТПЖ, что связано с тяжестью интраи постоперационных осложнений и острым вопросом донорства органов, работы по оценке состояния ДР после ТПЖ немногочисленны и противоречивы. Необходимы дальнейшие исследования состояния ДР после ТПЖ с изучением влияния факторов риска, определения уровня иммунологических маркеров и применения современных инструментальных методов исследования для создания эффективных схем ведения пациентов в послеоперационном периоде.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common and rapidly progressing diseases worldwide. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes and the main cause of vision loss in middle-aged and elderly people. The development and progression of DR is closely related to the duration of diabetes, hyperglycemia, and arterial hypertension. There is growing evidence that inflammation is one of the key links in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinal damage, but the exact molecular mechanisms remain to be known. Pancreas transplantation (PT) is currently the only effective treatment for diabetes that restores normal physiological glucose metabolism. Due to the limited number of PT surgeries associated with the severity of intra- and postoperative complications and the acute issue of organ donation, studies on the assessment of DR after PT are few and contradictory. There is a need for further studies of the DR state after PT with the study of the influence of risk factors, determination of the level of immunological markers and the use of modern instrumental research methods to create effective patient management regimens in the postoperative period.

сахарный диабеттрансплантация поджелудочной железыдиабетическая ретинопатиядиабетический макулярный отекпатогенезклассификацияоптическая когерентная томография-ангиографияdiabetes mellituspancreas transplantationdiabetic retinopathydiabetic macular edemapathogenesisclassificationoptical coherence tomography angiographyReferencesCho N.H., Shaw J.E., Karuranga S., Huang Y., da Rocha Fernandes J.D., Ohlrogge A.W., Malanda B. IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2018;138:271–281. DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.02.023Cho N.H., Shaw J.E., Karuranga S., Huang Y., da Rocha Fernandes J.D., Ohlrogge A.W., Malanda B. IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2018;138:271–281. DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.02.023Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., Викулова О.К., Железнякова А.В., Исаков М.А. Сахарный диабет в Российской Федерации: распространенность, заболеваемость, смертность, параметры углеводного обмена и структура сахароснижающей терапии по данным Федерального регистра сахарного диабета, статус 2017 г. Сахарный диабет. 2018;21(3):144–159. DOI: 10.14341/DM9686Dedov I.I., Shestakova M.V., Vikulova O.K., Zheleznyakova A.A., Isakov M.A. Diabetes mellitus in Russian Federation: prevalence, morbidity, mortality, parameters of glycaemic control and structure of hypoglycaemic therapy according to the Federal Diabetes Register, status 2017. Diabetes Mellitus = Sakharniy Diabet. 2018;21(3):144–159 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.14341/DM9686Khan M.A.B., Hashim M.J., King J.K., Govender R.D., Mustafa H., Al Kaabi J. Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes — Global Burden of Disease and Forecasted Trends. J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2020;10(1):107–111. DOI: 10.2991/jegh.k.191028.001Khan M.A.B., Hashim M.J., King J.K., Govender R.D., Mustafa H., Al Kaabi J. Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes — Global Burden of Disease and Forecasted Trends. J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2020;10(1):107–111. DOI: 10.2991/jegh.k.191028.001Tóth G., Szabó D., Sándor G.L., Nagy Z.Z., Karadeniz S., Limburg H., Németh J. Diabetes and blindness in people with diabetes in Hungary. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2019;29(2):141–147. DOI: 10.1177/1120672118811738Tóth G., Szabó D., Sándor G.L., Nagy Z.Z., Karadeniz S., Limburg H., Németh J. Diabetes and blindness in people with diabetes in Hungary. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2019;29(2):141–147. DOI: 10.1177/1120672118811738Lutski M., Shohat T., Mery N., Zucker I. Incidence and Risk Factors for Blindness in Adults with Diabetes: The Israeli National Diabetes Registry (INDR). Am J Ophthalmol. 2019;200:57–64. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2018.12.008Lutski M., Shohat T., Mery N., Zucker I. Incidence and Risk Factors for Blindness in Adults with Diabetes: The Israeli National Diabetes Registry (INDR). Am J Ophthalmol. 2019;200:57–64. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2018.12.008Bandello F., Battaglia Parodi M., Lanzetta P., Loewenstein A., Massin P., Menchini F., Veritti D. Diabetic Macular Edema. Dev Ophthalmol. 2017;58:102–138. DOI: 10.1159/000455277Bandello F., Battaglia Parodi M., Lanzetta P., Loewenstein A., Massin P., Menchini F., Veritti D. Diabetic Macular Edema. Dev Ophthalmol. 2017;58:102–138. DOI: 10.1159/000455277Sasongko M.B., Wardhana F.S., Febryanto G.A., Agni A.N., Supanji S., Indrayanti S.R., Widayanti T.W., Widyaputri F., Widhasari I.A., Lestari Y.D., Adriono G.A., Sovani I., Kartasasmita A.S. The estimated healthcare cost of diabetic retinopathy in Indonesia and its projection for 2025. Br J Ophthalmol. 2020;104(4):487–492. DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-313997Sasongko M.B., Wardhana F.S., Febryanto G.A., Agni A.N., Supanji S., Indrayanti S.R., Widayanti T.W., Widyaputri F., Widhasari I.A., Lestari Y.D., Adriono G.A., Sovani I., Kartasasmita A.S. The estimated healthcare cost of diabetic retinopathy in Indonesia and its projection for 2025. Br J Ophthalmol. 2020;104(4):487–492. DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-313997Szadkowska A., Czyżewska K., Pietrzak I., Mianowska B., Jarosz-Chobot P., Myśliwiec M. Hypoglycaemia unawareness in patients with type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2018;2018(3):126–134. DOI: 10.5114/pedm.2018.80994Szadkowska A., Czyżewska K., Pietrzak I., Mianowska B., Jarosz-Chobot P., Myśliwiec M. Hypoglycaemia unawareness in patients with type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2018;2018(3):126–134. DOI: 10.5114/pedm.2018.80994Lablanche S., Vantyghem M.C., Kessler L., Wojtusciszyn A., Borot S., Thivolet C., Girerd S., Bosco D., Bosson J.L., Colin C., Tetaz R., Logerot S., Kerr-Conte J., Renard E., Penfornis A., Morelon E., Buron F., Skaare K., Grguric G., Camillo-Brault C., Egelhofer H., Benomar K., Badet L., Berney T., Pattou F., Benhamou P.Y. TRIMECO trial investigators. Islet transplantation versus insulin therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes with severe hypoglycaemia or poorly controlled glycaemia after kidney transplantation (TRIMECO): a multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018;6(7):527–537. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(18)30078-0Lablanche S., Vantyghem M.C., Kessler L., Wojtusciszyn A., Borot S., Thivolet C., Girerd S., Bosco D., Bosson J.L., Colin C., Tetaz R., Logerot S., Kerr-Conte J., Renard E., Penfornis A., Morelon E., Buron F., Skaare K., Grguric G., Camillo-Brault C., Egelhofer H., Benomar K., Badet L., Berney T., Pattou F., Benhamou P.Y. TRIMECO trial investigators. Islet transplantation versus insulin therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes with severe hypoglycaemia or poorly controlled glycaemia after kidney transplantation (TRIMECO): a multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018;6(7):527–537. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(18)30078-0Wat N., Wong R.L., Wong I.Y. Associations between diabetic retinopathy and systemic risk factors. Hong Kong Med J. 2016;22(6):589–599. DOI: 10.12809/hkmj164869Wat N., Wong R.L., Wong I.Y. Associations between diabetic retinopathy and systemic risk factors. Hong Kong Med J. 2016;22(6):589–599. DOI: 10.12809/hkmj164869Ghamdi A.H.A. Clinical Predictors of Diabetic Retinopathy Progression; A Systematic Review. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2020;16(3):242–247. DOI: 10.2174/1573399815666190215120435Ghamdi A.H.A. Clinical Predictors of Diabetic Retinopathy Progression; A Systematic Review. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2020;16(3):242–247. DOI: 10.2174/1573399815666190215120435Maric-Bilkan C. Sex differences in micro- and macro-vascular complications of diabetes mellitus. Clin Sci (Lond). 2017;131(9):833–846. DOI: 10.1042/CS20160998Maric-Bilkan C. Sex differences in micro- and macro-vascular complications of diabetes mellitus. Clin Sci (Lond). 2017;131(9):833–846. DOI: 10.1042/CS20160998Pescosolido N., Campagna O., Barbato A. Diabetic retinopathy and pregnancy. Int Ophthalmol. 2014;34(4):989–997. DOI: 10.1007/s10792-014-9906-zPescosolido N., Campagna O., Barbato A. Diabetic retinopathy and pregnancy. Int Ophthalmol. 2014;34(4):989–997. DOI: 10.1007/s10792-014-9906-zEid S., Sas K.M., Abcouwer S.F., Feldman E.L., Gardner T.W., Pennathur S., Fort P.E. New insights into the mechanisms of diabetic complications: role of lipids and lipid metabolism. Diabetologia. 2019;62(9):1539–1549. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-4959-1Eid S., Sas K.M., Abcouwer S.F., Feldman E.L., Gardner T.W., Pennathur S., Fort P.E. New insights into the mechanisms of diabetic complications: role of lipids and lipid metabolism. Diabetologia. 2019;62(9):1539–1549. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-4959-1Benarous R., Sasongko M.B., Qureshi S., Fenwick E., Dirani M., Wong T.Y., Lamoureux E.L. Differential association of serum lipids with diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52(10):7464–7469. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.11-7598Benarous R., Sasongko M.B., Qureshi S., Fenwick E., Dirani M., Wong T.Y., Lamoureux E.L. Differential association of serum lipids with diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52(10):7464–7469. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.11-7598Moosaie F., Davatgari R.M., Firouzabadi F.D., Esteghamati S., Deravi N., Meysamie A., Khaloo P., Nakhjavani M., Esteghamati A. Lipoprotein(a) and Apolipo‑ proteins as Predictors for Diabetic Retinopathy and Its Severity in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Case-Cohort Study. Can J Diabetes. 2020;44(5):414–421. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2020.01.007Moosaie F., Davatgari R.M., Firouzabadi F.D., Esteghamati S., Deravi N., Meysamie A., Khaloo P., Nakhjavani M., Esteghamati A. Lipoprotein(a) and Apolipo‑ proteins as Predictors for Diabetic Retinopathy and Its Severity in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Case-Cohort Study. Can J Diabetes. 2020;44(5):414–421. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2020.01.007Chong Y.H., Fan Q., Tham Y.C., Gan A., Tan S.P., Tan G., Wang J.J., Mitchell P., Wong T.Y., Cheng C.Y. Type 2 Diabetes Genetic Variants and Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy. Ophthalmology. 2017;124(3):336–342. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.11.016Chong Y.H., Fan Q., Tham Y.C., Gan A., Tan S.P., Tan G., Wang J.J., Mitchell P., Wong T.Y., Cheng C.Y. Type 2 Diabetes Genetic Variants and Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy. Ophthalmology. 2017;124(3):336–342. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.11.016Lima V.C., Cavalieri G.C., Lima M.C., Nazario N.O., Lima G.C. Risk factors for diabetic retinopathy: a case-control study. Int J Retina Vitreous. 2016;2:21. DOI: 10.1186/s40942-016-0047-6Lima V.C., Cavalieri G.C., Lima M.C., Nazario N.O., Lima G.C. Risk factors for diabetic retinopathy: a case-control study. Int J Retina Vitreous. 2016;2:21. DOI: 10.1186/s40942-016-0047-6Zhu W., Wu Y., Meng Y.F., Xing Q., Tao J.J., Lu J. Association of obesity and risk of diabetic retinopathy in diabetes patients: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(32):11807. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000011807Zhu W., Wu Y., Meng Y.F., Xing Q., Tao J.J., Lu J. Association of obesity and risk of diabetic retinopathy in diabetes patients: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(32):11807. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000011807Wang J., Xin X., Luo W., Wang R., Wang X., Si S., Mo M., Shao B., Wang S., Shen Y., Chen X., Yu Y. Anemia and Diabetic Kidney Disease Had Joint Effect on Diabetic Retinopathy Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2020;61(14):25. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.14.25Wang J., Xin X., Luo W., Wang R., Wang X., Si S., Mo M., Shao B., Wang S., Shen Y., Chen X., Yu Y. Anemia and Diabetic Kidney Disease Had Joint Effect on Diabetic Retinopathy Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2020;61(14):25. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.14.25Jeng C.J., Hsieh Y.T., Yang C.M., Yang C.H., Lin C.L., Wang I.J. Development of diabetic retinopathy after cataract surgery. PLoS One. 2018;13(8):0202347. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202347Jeng C.J., Hsieh Y.T., Yang C.M., Yang C.H., Lin C.L., Wang I.J. Development of diabetic retinopathy after cataract surgery. PLoS One. 2018;13(8):0202347. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202347Costagliola C., Romano V., De Tollis M., Aceto F., dell’Omo R., Romano M.R., Pedicino C., Semeraro F. TNF-alpha levels in tears: a novel biomarker to assess the degree of diabetic retinopathy. Mediators Inflamm. 2013;2013:629529. DOI: 10.1155/2013/629529Costagliola C., Romano V., De Tollis M., Aceto F., dell’Omo R., Romano M.R., Pedicino C., Semeraro F. TNF-alpha levels in tears: a novel biomarker to assess the degree of diabetic retinopathy. Mediators Inflamm. 2013;2013:629529. DOI: 10.1155/2013/629529Raczyńska D., Lisowska K.A., Pietruczuk K., Borucka J., Ślizień M., Raczyńska K., Glasner L., Witkowski J.M. The Level of Cytokines in the Vitreous Body of Severe Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Patients Undergoing Posterior Vitrectomy. Curr Pharm Des. 2018;24(27):3276–3281. DOI: 10.2174/1381612824666180926110704Raczyńska D., Lisowska K.A., Pietruczuk K., Borucka J., Ślizień M., Raczyńska K., Glasner L., Witkowski J.M. The Level of Cytokines in the Vitreous Body of Severe Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Patients Undergoing Posterior Vitrectomy. Curr Pharm Des. 2018;24(27):3276–3281. DOI: 10.2174/1381612824666180926110704Nalini M., Raghavulu B.V., Annapurna A., Avinash P., Chandi V., Swathi N., Wasim. Correlation of various serum biomarkers with the severity of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2017;11(l):451–454. DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2017.03.034Nalini M., Raghavulu B.V., Annapurna A., Avinash P., Chandi V., Swathi N., Wasim. Correlation of various serum biomarkers with the severity of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2017;11(l):451–454. DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2017.03.034Vujosevic S., Micera A., Bini S., Berton M., Esposito G., Midena E. Aqueous Humor Biomarkers of Müller Cell Activation in Diabetic Eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2015;56(6):3913–3918. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-16554Vujosevic S., Micera A., Bini S., Berton M., Esposito G., Midena E. Aqueous Humor Biomarkers of Müller Cell Activation in Diabetic Eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2015;56(6):3913–3918. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-16554Vujosevic S., Micera A., Bini S., Berton M., Esposito G., Midena E. Proteome analysis of retinal glia cells-related inflammatory cytokines in the aqueous humour of diabetic patients. Acta Ophthalmol. 2016;94(1):56–64. DOI: 10.1111/aos.12812Vujosevic S., Micera A., Bini S., Berton M., Esposito G., Midena E. Proteome analysis of retinal glia cells-related inflammatory cytokines in the aqueous humour of diabetic patients. Acta Ophthalmol. 2016;94(1):56–64. DOI: 10.1111/aos.12812Boss J.D., Singh P.K., Pandya H.K., Tosi J., Kim C., Tewari A., Juzych M.S., Abrams G.W., Kumar A. Assessment of Neurotrophins and Inflammatory Mediators in Vitreous of Patients With Diabetic Retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2017;58(12):5594–5603. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-21973Boss J.D., Singh P.K., Pandya H.K., Tosi J., Kim C., Tewari A., Juzych M.S., Abrams G.W., Kumar A. Assessment of Neurotrophins and Inflammatory Mediators in Vitreous of Patients With Diabetic Retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2017;58(12):5594–5603. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-21973Rusnak S., Vrzalova J., Sobotova M., Hecova L., Ricarova R., Topolcan O. The Measurement of Intraocular Biomarkers in Various Stages of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Using Multiplex xMAP Technology. J Ophthalmol. 2015;2015:424783. DOI: 10.1155/2015/424783Rusnak S., Vrzalova J., Sobotova M., Hecova L., Ricarova R., Topolcan O. The Measurement of Intraocular Biomarkers in Various Stages of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Using Multiplex xMAP Technology. J Ophthalmol. 2015;2015:424783. DOI: 10.1155/2015/424783Wong T.Y., Sun J., Kawasaki R., Ruamviboonsuk P., Gupta N., Lansingh V.C., Maia M., Mathenge W., Moreker S., Muqit M.M.K., Resnikoff S., Verdaguer J., Zhao P., Ferris F., Aiello L.P., Taylor H.R. Guidelines on Diabetic Eye Care: The International Council of Ophthalmology Recommendations for Screening, Follow-up, Referral, and Treatment Based on Resource Settings. Ophthalmology. 2018;125(10):1608–1622. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.04.007Wong T.Y., Sun J., Kawasaki R., Ruamviboonsuk P., Gupta N., Lansingh V.C., Maia M., Mathenge W., Moreker S., Muqit M.M.K., Resnikoff S., Verdaguer J., Zhao P., Ferris F., Aiello L.P., Taylor H.R. Guidelines on Diabetic Eye Care: The International Council of Ophthalmology Recommendations for Screening, Follow-up, Referral, and Treatment Based on Resource Settings. Ophthalmology. 2018;125(10):1608–1622. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.04.007Алгоритмы специализированной медицинской помощи больным сахарным диабетом. Под ред. Дедова И.И., Шестаковой М.В., Майорова А.Ю. 8-й выпуск. М.: УП ПРИНТ; 2017.Algorithms of specialized medical care of patients with diabetes mellitus. Eds. Dedov I.I., Shestakova M.V., Mayorova A.Yu. Moscow: UP PRINT; 2017 (In Russ.).Tran K., Pakzad-Vaezi K. Multimodal imaging of diabetic retinopathy. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2018;29(6):566–575. DOI: 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000524Tran K., Pakzad-Vaezi K. Multimodal imaging of diabetic retinopathy. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2018;29(6):566–575. DOI: 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000524Cennamo G., Romano M.R., Nicoletti G., Velotti N., de Crecchio G. Optical coherence tomography angiography versus fluorescein angiography in the diagnosis of ischaemic diabetic maculopathy. Acta Ophthalmol. 2017;95(1):36–42. DOI: 10.1111/aos.13159Cennamo G., Romano M.R., Nicoletti G., Velotti N., de Crecchio G. Optical coherence tomography angiography versus fluorescein angiography in the diagnosis of ischaemic diabetic maculopathy. Acta Ophthalmol. 2017;95(1):36–42. DOI: 10.1111/aos.13159Fan W., Nittala M.G., Fleming A., Robertson G., Uji A., Wykoff C.C., Brown D.M., van Hemert J., Ip M., Wang K., Falavarjani K.G., Singer M., Sagong M., Sadda S.R. Relationship Between Retinal Fractal Dimension and Nonperfusion in Diabetic Retinopathy on Ultrawide-Field Fluorescein Angiography. Am J Ophthalmol. 2020;209:99–106. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.08.015Fan W., Nittala M.G., Fleming A., Robertson G., Uji A., Wykoff C.C., Brown D.M., van Hemert J., Ip M., Wang K., Falavarjani K.G., Singer M., Sagong M., Sadda S.R. Relationship Between Retinal Fractal Dimension and Nonperfusion in Diabetic Retinopathy on Ultrawide-Field Fluorescein Angiography. Am J Ophthalmol. 2020;209:99–106. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.08.015Wanek J., Blair N.P., Chau F.Y., Lim J.I., Leiderman Y.I., Shahidi M. Alterations in Retinal Layer Thickness and Reflectance at Different Stages of Diabetic Retinopathy by En Face Optical Coherence Tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016;57(9):341–347. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-18715Wanek J., Blair N.P., Chau F.Y., Lim J.I., Leiderman Y.I., Shahidi M. Alterations in Retinal Layer Thickness and Reflectance at Different Stages of Diabetic Retinopathy by En Face Optical Coherence Tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016;57(9):341–347. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-18715Cho Y.J., Lee D.H., Kim M. Optical coherence tomography findings predictive of response to treatment in diabetic macular edema. J Int Med Res. 2018;46(11):4455–4464. DOI: 10.1177/0300060518798503Cho Y.J., Lee D.H., Kim M. Optical coherence tomography findings predictive of response to treatment in diabetic macular edema. J Int Med Res. 2018;46(11):4455–4464. DOI: 10.1177/0300060518798503Zur D., Iglicki M., Busch C., Invernizzi A., Mariussi M., Loewenstein A., International Retina Group. OCT Biomarkers as Functional Outcome Predictors in Diabetic Macular Edema Treated with Dexamethasone Implant. Ophthalmology. 2018;125(2):267–275. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.08.031Zur D., Iglicki M., Busch C., Invernizzi A., Mariussi M., Loewenstein A., International Retina Group. OCT Biomarkers as Functional Outcome Predictors in Diabetic Macular Edema Treated with Dexamethasone Implant. Ophthalmology. 2018;125(2):267–275. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.08.031Kashani A.H., Chen C.L., Gahm J.K., Zheng F., Richter G.M., Rosenfeld P.J., Shi Y., Wang R.K. Optical coherence tomography angiography: A comprehensive review of current methods and clinical applications. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2017;60:66–100. DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.07.002Kashani A.H., Chen C.L., Gahm J.K., Zheng F., Richter G.M., Rosenfeld P.J., Shi Y., Wang R.K. Optical coherence tomography angiography: A comprehensive review of current methods and clinical applications. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2017;60:66–100. DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.07.002Zhang A., Zhang Q., Chen C.L., Wang R.K. Methods and algorithms for optical coherence tomography-based angiography: a review and comparison. J Biomed Opt. 2015;20(10):100901. DOI: 10.1117/1.JBO.20.10.100901Zhang A., Zhang Q., Chen C.L., Wang R.K. Methods and algorithms for optical coherence tomography-based angiography: a review and comparison. J Biomed Opt. 2015;20(10):100901. DOI: 10.1117/1.JBO.20.10.100901Spaide R.F., Klancnik J.M. Jr., Cooney M.J. Retinal vascular layers imaged by fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography angiography. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2015;133(1):45–50. DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2014.3616Spaide R.F., Klancnik J.M. Jr., Cooney M.J. Retinal vascular layers imaged by fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography angiography. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2015;133(1):45–50. DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2014.3616Nesper P.L., Soetikno B.T., Zhang H.F., Fawzi A.A. OCT angiography and visiblelight OCT in diabetic retinopathy. Vision Res. 2017;139:191–203. DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2017.05.006Nesper P.L., Soetikno B.T., Zhang H.F., Fawzi A.A. OCT angiography and visiblelight OCT in diabetic retinopathy. Vision Res. 2017;139:191–203. DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2017.05.006Li A., You J., Du C., Pan Y. Automated segmentation and quantification of OCT angiography for tracking angiogenesis progression. Biomed Opt Express. 2017;8(12):5604–5616. DOI: 10.1364/BOE.8.005604Li A., You J., Du C., Pan Y. Automated segmentation and quantification of OCT angiography for tracking angiogenesis progression. Biomed Opt Express. 2017;8(12):5604–5616. DOI: 10.1364/BOE.8.005604Chua J., Sim R., Tan B., Wong D., Yao X., Liu X., Ting D.S.W., Schmidl D., Ang M., Garhöfer G., Schmetterer L. Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Diabetes and Diabetic Retinopathy. J Clin Med. 2020;9(6):1723. DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061723Chua J., Sim R., Tan B., Wong D., Yao X., Liu X., Ting D.S.W., Schmidl D., Ang M., Garhöfer G., Schmetterer L. Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Diabetes and Diabetic Retinopathy. J Clin Med. 2020;9(6):1723. DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061723OCT-Angiography Option for Mirante and RS-3000 Advance 2 AngioScan. Nidek-intl.com; 2016 [updated on February 8, 2016; cited 2021 May 22]. URL: https://www.nidek-intl.com/product/ophthaloptom/diagnostic/dia_retina/angioscan.htmlOCT-Angiography Option for Mirante and RS-3000 Advance 2 AngioScan. Nidek-intl.com; 2016 [updated on February 8, 2016; cited 2021 May 22]. URL: https://www.nidek-intl.com/product/ophthaloptom/diagnostic/dia_retina/angioscan.htmlDhanireddy KK. Pancreas transplantation. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2012;41(1):133–142. DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2011.12.002Dhanireddy KK. Pancreas transplantation. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2012;41(1):133–142. DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2011.12.002Maffi P., Secchi A. Islet Transplantation Alone Versus Solitary Pancreas Transplantation: an Outcome-Driven Choice? Curr Diab Rep. 2019;19(5):26. DOI: 10.1007/s11892-019-1145-2Maffi P., Secchi A. Islet Transplantation Alone Versus Solitary Pancreas Transplantation: an Outcome-Driven Choice? Curr Diab Rep. 2019;19(5):26. DOI: 10.1007/s11892-019-1145-2Ramsay R.C., Goetz F.C., Sutherland D.E., Mauer S.M., Robison L.L., Cantrill H.L., Knobloch W.H., Najarian J.S. Progression of diabetic retinopathy after pancreas transplantation for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1988;318(4):208–214. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM198801283180403Ramsay R.C., Goetz F.C., Sutherland D.E., Mauer S.M., Robison L.L., Cantrill H.L., Knobloch W.H., Najarian J.S. Progression of diabetic retinopathy after pancreas transplantation for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1988;318(4):208–214. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM198801283180403Giannarelli R., Coppelli A., Sartini M.S., Aragona M., Boggi U., Mosca F., Nardi M., Del Prato S., Marchetti P. Early improvement of unstable diabetic retinopathy after solitary pancreas transplantation. Diabetes Care. 2002;25(12):2358–2359. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.25.12.2358Giannarelli R., Coppelli A., Sartini M.S., Aragona M., Boggi U., Mosca F., Nardi M., Del Prato S., Marchetti P. Early improvement of unstable diabetic retinopathy after solitary pancreas transplantation. Diabetes Care. 2002;25(12):2358–2359. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.25.12.2358Giannarelli R., Coppelli A., Sartini M.S., Del Chiaro M., Vistoli F., Rizzo G., Barsotti M., Del Prato S., Mosca F., Boggi U., Marchetti P. Pancreas transplant alone has beneficial effects on retinopathy in type 1 diabetic patients. Diabetologia. 2006;49(12):2977–2982. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-006-0463-5Giannarelli R., Coppelli A., Sartini M.S., Del Chiaro M., Vistoli F., Rizzo G., Barsotti M., Del Prato S., Mosca F., Boggi U., Marchetti P. Pancreas transplant alone has beneficial effects on retinopathy in type 1 diabetic patients. Diabetologia. 2006;49(12):2977–2982. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-006-0463-5Tsai F.Y., Lau L.I., Li A.F., Chen S.J., Wang S.E., Lee F.L., Liu C.J., Shyr Y.M. Acute macular edema and peripapillary soft exudate after pancreas transplantation with accelerated progression of diabetic retinopathy. J Chin Med Assoc. 2017;80(5):319–325. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcma.2017.01.004Tsai F.Y., Lau L.I., Li A.F., Chen S.J., Wang S.E., Lee F.L., Liu C.J., Shyr Y.M. Acute macular edema and peripapillary soft exudate after pancreas transplantation with accelerated progression of diabetic retinopathy. J Chin Med Assoc. 2017;80(5):319–325. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcma.2017.01.004Kim Y.J., Shin S., Han D.J., Kim Y.H., Lee J.Y., Yoon Y.H., Kim J.G. Long-term Effects of Pancreas Transplantation on Diabetic Retinopathy and Incidence and Predictive Risk Factors for Early Worsening. Transplantation. 2018;102(1):30–38. DOI: 10.1097/TP.0000000000001958Kim Y.J., Shin S., Han D.J., Kim Y.H., Lee J.Y., Yoon Y.H., Kim J.G. Long-term Effects of Pancreas Transplantation on Diabetic Retinopathy and Incidence and Predictive Risk Factors for Early Worsening. Transplantation. 2018;102(1):30–38. DOI: 10.1097/TP.0000000000001958

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.