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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2021-3-508-517</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-1607</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ И ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL &amp; EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Морфогенез ретинобластомы при локальном введении цитостатиков</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Retinoblastoma Morphology after Local Chemotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саакян</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Saakyan</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Саакян Светлана Ваговна - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, начальник отдела офтальмоонкологии и радиологии </p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saakyan Svetlana V., MD, Professor, head of ocular oncology and radiology department </p><p>Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya str., 14/19, Moscow, 105062</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svsaakyan@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хорошилова-Маслова</surname><given-names>И. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khoroshilova-Maslova</surname><given-names>I. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хорошилова-Маслова Инна Петровна - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, начальник отдела патологической анатомии и гистологии </p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Khoroshilova-Maslova Inna P., MD, Professor, head of Pathological anatomy and histology department </p><p>Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya str., 14/19, Moscow, 105062</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тадевосян</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tadevosyan</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тадевосян Сюзанна Сережаевна - аспирант отдела офтальмоонкологии и радиологии </p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tadevosyan Syuzanna S., postgraduate at Ocular oncology and radiology department </p><p>Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya str., 14/19, Moscow, 105062</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цыганков</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsygankov</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Цыганков Александр Юрьевич - кандидат медицинских наук, младший научный сотрудник отдела офтальмоонкологии и радиологии </p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tsygankov Alexander Yu., PhD, researcher at Ocular oncology and radiology department </p><p>Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya str., 14/19, Moscow, 105062</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>Г. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>G. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Захарова Галина Петровна - кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая клиникой, врач-патанатом отдела патологической анатомии и гистологии </p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zakharova Galina P., PhD, head of the Clinic, pathologist, Department of pathological anatomy and histology </p><p>Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya str., 14/19, Moscow, 105062</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иванова Ольга Андреевна - кандидат медицинских наук, врач-офтальмолог отдела офтальмоонкологии и радиологии </p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivanova Ol’ga A., PhD, ophthalmologist of Ocular oncology and radiology department </p><p>Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya str., 14/19, Moscow, 105062</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пантелеева</surname><given-names>О. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panteleeva</surname><given-names>O. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пантелеева Ольга Геннадьевна - доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела офтальмоонкологии и радиологии </p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Panteleeva Ol’ga G., MD, senior researcher at Ocular oncology and radiology department </p><p>Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya str., 14/19, Moscow, 105062</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жаруа</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zharua</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жаруа Айхам Александрович - кандидат медицинских наук, врач-офтальмолог </p><p>просп. Буденного, 26/2, Москва, 105118</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zharua Aikham A., PhD, ophthalmologist </p><p>Budennogo ave., 26/2, Moscow, 105118</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр глазных болезней имени Гельмгольца» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Глазная клиника доктора Беликовой</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Eye Clinic of Dr. Belikova</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>508</fpage><lpage>517</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Саакян С.В., Хорошилова-Маслова И.П., Тадевосян С.С., Цыганков А.Ю., Захарова Г.П., Иванова О.А., Пантелеева О.Г., Жаруа А.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Саакян С.В., Хорошилова-Маслова И.П., Тадевосян С.С., Цыганков А.Ю., Захарова Г.П., Иванова О.А., Пантелеева О.Г., Жаруа А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Saakyan S.V., Khoroshilova-Maslova I.P., Tadevosyan S.S., Tsygankov A.Y., Zakharova G.P., Ivanova O.A., Panteleeva O.G., Zharua A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/1607">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/1607</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: определение характера резорбции опухоли и возможных осложнений, связанных с ретинотоксическим действием мелфалана и карбоплатина при локальной химиотерапии.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Морфологически было изучено 19 энуклеированных глаз с ретинобластомой от 19 пациентов, получавших комбинированную химиотерапию, включая системную и локальную, в различных дозах, обеспечивающую органосохранное лечение. Энуклеированные глаза фиксировали в 10 % формалине, проводили рутинную обработку для гистологического исследования.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Выявлены существенные изменения в опухолевой ткани в виде резорбции узлов ретинобластомы, замещения ее фиброзной тканью, разрастания глии и образования петрификатов. Полную резорбцию опухоли выявили в 3 из 19 глаз, частичную — в 13 глазах. В 3 глазах признаков резорбции не отмечено. Определена инвазия опухоли в хориоидею (n = 5), в передний отдел глаза (n = 3), в зрительный нерв до линии отсечения (n = 3). Формирование ретробульбарного очага опухоли имело место в одном случае. Наряду с положительным эффектом в виде уменьшения размеров опухоли и площади поражения у пациентов возникли осложнения ретинотоксического характера в виде геморрагических изменений, связанных с очаговым некрозом центральных сосудов сетчатки (n = 4) при интраартериальном введении мелфалана. При интравитреальном введении выявили деструктивные изменения ретинального пигментного эпителия (РПЭ; n = 10), связанные с накоплением мелфалана в РПЭ, приводящие к атрофическим процессам в сетчатке. Развитие патологических процессов в виде вторичной глаукомы, выраженного фиброза и отслойки сетчатки, несмотря на полную резорбцию опухоли, приводило не только к потере зрения, но и препятствовало визуализации глазного дна и обосновало необходимость энуклеации в 3 случаях. В остальных случаях энуклеация проведена по причине продолженного роста опухоли (n = 16) или отрицательной динамики на фоне лечения (n = 3).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Исследование подтвердило эффективность локальной химиотерапии при ретинобластоме. Однако клиническая картина и данные патогистологического исследования удаленных глаз наряду с резорбцией опухоли выявили и подтвердили наличие интраокулярных осложнений в результате токсического эффекта препаратов, а также присутствие активной ткани опухоли в разной степени лечебного патоморфоза, что можно объяснить резистентностью РБ к этим препаратам. Таким образом, необходим дальнейший поиск препаратов, разрушающих опухоль и минимизирующих ретинотоксический эффект.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose. Determine the nature of tumor regression and possible complications associated with the retinotoxic effect of melphalan and carboplatin with local chemotherapy.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. A histological analysis of 19 enucleated eyes from 19 patients with retinoblastoma was performed after combined organ-preserving treatment, including systemic chemotherapy and local chemotherapy in various doses. The enucleated eyes were fixed in 10 % formalin and processed routinely for histological examination.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Significant changes in the tumor tissue such as tumor regression associated with the destruction of the tumor tissue and its replacement with fibrous tissue, glia proliferation, and the formation of petrificates were revealed. Complete regression of the tumor was detected in 3 out of 19 eyes, partial in 13 eyes. There were no signs of regression in 3 eyes. Tumor invasion into the choroid was found in 5 cases, into the anterior sector — in 3 cases, into the optic nerve — in 3 cases. The retrobulbar tumor was presented in 1 case. Retinotoxic complications revealed. Hemorrhagic changes associated with focal necrosis of the central retinal vessels (n = 4), destructive changes in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE; n = 10) associated with the accumulation of melphalan in RPE leading to atrophic processes in the retina. Complications in the form of secondary glaucoma, severe fibrosis and retinal detachment, despite the complete resorption of the tumor, led not only to loss of vision, but also hindered visualization of the fundus and substantiated the need for enucleation in 3 cases. In other cases, enucleation was performed due to continued tumor growth (n = 16) or progression during treatment (n = 3).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Retinoblastoma can be controlled with local chemotherapy. However, clinical and morphological examinations of enucleated eyes revealed and confirmed, along with tumor resorption, intraocular complications as a result of the toxic effect of the drugs and the presence of active tumor tissue to varying degrees of therapeutic pathomorphism, which can be explained by the resistance of RB to these drugs. Thus, a further search is needed for drugs that destroy the tumor and minimize the retinotoxic effect.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ретинобластома</kwd><kwd>морфогенез</kwd><kwd>интраартериальная химиотерапия</kwd><kwd>интравитреальная химиотерапия</kwd><kwd>системная химиотерапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>retinoblastoma</kwd><kwd>morphology</kwd><kwd>intraarterial chemotherapy</kwd><kwd>intravitreal chemotherapy</kwd><kwd>systemic chemotherapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaneko A., Suzuki S. Eye-preservation treatment of retinoblastoma with vitreous seeding. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2003;33(12):601–607.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaneko A., Suzuki S. Eye-preservation treatment of retinoblastoma with vitreous seeding. 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