<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2021-3-518-526</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-1608</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ И ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL &amp; EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Периферическая рефракция, волновой фронт глаза и зрительная работоспособность при коррекции миопии у детей бифокальными мягкими контактными линзами с большой аддидацией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Peripheral Refraction, Wave Front of the Eye and Visual Performance in the Correction of Myopia in Children with Bifocal Soft Contact Lenses with High Addition</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8864-4518</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тарутта</surname><given-names>Е. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarutta</surname><given-names>E. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тарутта Елена Петровна - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, начальник отдела патологии рефракции бинокулярного зрения и офтальмоэргономики </p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tarutta Elena P., MD, Professor, head, department of refractive pathology, binocular vision and ophthalmoergonomics </p><p>Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya str., 14/19, Moscow, 105062</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3553-9896</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Милаш</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Milash</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Милаш Сергей Викторович - научный сотрудник отдела патологии рефракции, бинокулярного зрения и офтальмоэргономики </p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Milash Sergei V., researcher, department of refraction pathology, binocular vision and ophthalmoergonomics </p><p>Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya str., 14/19, Moscow, 105062</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sergey_milash@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Епишина</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Epishina</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Епишина Марина Викторовна - кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая отделением контактной коррекции зрения </p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Epishina Marina V., PhD, head, department of contact vision correction </p><p>Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya str., 14/19, Moscow, 105062</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>518</fpage><lpage>526</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тарутта Е.П., Милаш С.В., Епишина М.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тарутта Е.П., Милаш С.В., Епишина М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tarutta E.P., Milash S.V., Epishina M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/1608">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/1608</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: изучить влияние бифокальных мягких контактных линз (БМКЛ) с аддидацией 4 дптр на периферическую рефракцию (ПР), оптические и эргономические показатели глаз у детей с миопией.</p></sec><sec><title>Пациенты и методы</title><p>Пациенты и методы. Обследовано 26 пациентов (52 глаза) с миопией –3,09 ± 1,13 дптр в возрасте 10,04 ± 1,50 года без коррекции и с коррекцией БМКЛ Prima BIO Bi-focal («Окей Вижен Ритейл», Россия). Всем пациентам проводили исследование ПР в горизонтальной и вертикальной плоскости с помощью авторефрактометра открытого поля Grand Seiko WAM-5500 (Япония), аберраций волнового фронта с использованием аберрометра OPD-Scan III (Nidek, Япония), контрастной чувствительности в мезопических условиях с помощью прибора Mesotest 2 (Oculus, Германия) и зрительной продуктивности с использованием корректурной таблицы.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Острота зрения вдаль при коррекции БМКЛ 0,98 ± 0,04 не отличалась (p = 0,26) от максимально корригированной остроты зрения 0,99 ± 0,04. БМКЛ наводит миопический дефокус во всех периферических зонах с максимальным значением в 15° и резким снижением в 30°. Индуцированный линзой в 15° по горизонтали и вертикали периферический миопический дефокус не зависел от исходной степени миопии. БМКЛ увеличивает общий RMS c 0,07 ± 0,02 до 0,19 ± 0,07 мкм в 3-мм зоне (p &lt; 0,01) и с 0,27 ± 0,09 до 1,18 ± 0,23 мкм в 6-мм зоне (p &lt; 0,01) в основном за счет увеличения сферической аберрации с –0,0005 ± 0,006 до 0,06 ± 0,01 мкм (p &lt; 0,01) и с 0,01 ± 0,09 до 0,58 ± 0,14 мкм (p &lt; 0,01) в 3- и 6-мм зоне соответственно. Повышение общего RMS в БМКЛ снижает качество оптики глаза и контрастную чувствительность в мезопических условиях, но не ухудшает зрительную продуктивность.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. БМКЛ с высокой аддидацией 4 дптр способна наводить значительный миопический периферический дефокус за счет индукции сферической аберрации, при этом сохраняется высокая острота зрения и не изменяются офтальмоэргономические показатели, что делает БМКЛ патогенетически обоснованным методом коррекции миопии и профилактики ее прогрессирования у детей и подростков.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose: to study the effect of bifocal soft contact lens (BSCL) with an ADD of 4 diopters on peripheral refraction (PR), optical and ergonomic eye parameters in children with myopia.</p></sec><sec><title>Patients and methods</title><p>Patients and methods. 26 patients (52 eyes) with myopia –3.09 ± 1.13 diopters at the age of 10.04 ± 1.5 years without correction and with correction by BSCL Prima BIO Bi-focal ( Okay Vision Retail, Russia). All patients underwent a horizontal and vertical PR study on an open field autorefractometer Grand Seiko WAM-5500 (Japan), wavefront aberrations were studied on OPD-Scan III aberrometer (Nidek, Japan), contrast sensitivity under mesopic conditions were studied on a Mesotest 2 instrument (Oculus, Germany) and visual productivity was studied using test tables.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The visual acuity of the distance with a BSCL correction of 0.98 ± 0.04 did not differ (p = 0.26) from the maximum visual acuity corrected by spherocylindrical glasses of 0.99 ± 0.04. BSCL induces myopic defocus in all peripheral zones, with a maximum value of 15° and a sharp decrease of 30°. Peripheral myopic defocus induced by the lens at a horizontal and vertical angle of 15 degrees did not depend on the initial degree of myopia. BSCL increases the total RMS from 0.07 ± 0.02 μm to 0.19 ± 0.07 μm in the 3 mm zone (p &lt; 0.01) and from 0.27 ± 0.09 μm to 1.18 ± 0, 23 μm in the 6 mm zone (p &lt; 0.01), mainly due to an increase in spherical aberration from –0.0005 ± 0.006 μm to 0.06 ± 0.01 μm (p &lt; 0.01) and from 0.01 ± 0.09 μm to 0.58 ± 0.14 μm (p &lt; 0.01) in the 3 mm and 6 mm zones, respectively. An increase in the overall RMS in BSCL reduces the quality of eye optics and contrast sensitivity under mesopic conditions, but does not impair visual productivity.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. BSCLs with a high ADD of 4 diopters are capable of inducing significant myopic peripheral defocus due to the induction of spherical aberration, while maintaining high visual acuity and not changing ophthalmic ergonomics, which makes them a pathogenetically substantiated method for correcting myopia and preventing its progression in children and adolescents.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>миопия</kwd><kwd>периферическая рефракция</kwd><kwd>бифокальные мягкие контактные линзы</kwd><kwd>аберрации</kwd><kwd>контрастная чувствительность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>myopia</kwd><kwd>peripheral refraction</kwd><kwd>bifocal soft contact lenses</kwd><kwd>aberrations</kwd><kwd>contrast sensitivity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chakraborty R., Ostrin L.A., Benavente-Perez A. Optical mechanisms regulating emmetropisation and refractive errors: evidence from animal models. Clin Exp Optom. 2020;103:55–67. DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12991</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chakraborty R., Ostrin L.A., Benavente-Perez A. Optical mechanisms regulating emmetropisation and refractive errors: evidence from animal models. Clin Exp Optom. 2020;103:55–67. DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12991</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Troilo D., Smith E.L. 3rd, Nickla D.L. IMI — report on experimental models of emmetropization and myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2019;60:M31–M88. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25967</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Troilo D.,  Smith E.L. 3rd,  Nickla D.L. IMI  — report on experimental models of emmetropization and myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2019;60:M31–M88. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25967</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wildsoet C.F., Chia A., Cho P., Guggenheim J.A., Polling J.P., Read S. IMI — interventions for controlling myopia onset and progression report. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2019;60(3):M106–M13. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25958</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wildsoet C.F.,  Chia A.,  Cho P.,  Guggenheim J.A.,  Polling J.P.,  Read S. IMI  — interventions for controlling myopia onset and progression report. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2019;60(3):M106–M13. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25958</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nichols J.J. A status quo remains for much of the contact lens industry. Contact Lens Spectrum. 2017;32:22–55.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nichols J.J. A status quo remains for much of the contact lens industry. Contact Lens Spectrum. 2017;32:22–55.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang J., Wen D., Wang Q. Efficacy comparison of 16 interventions for myopia control in children: a network meta-analysis. Ophthalmology. 2016;123:697–708. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.11.010</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang J., Wen D., Wang Q. Efficacy comparison of 16 interventions for myopia control in children: a network meta-analysis. Ophthalmology. 2016;123:697–708. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.11.010</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prousali E. Efficacy and safety of interventions to control myopia progression in children: an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. BMC Ophthalmol. 2019;19(1):106. DOI: 10.1186/s12886-019-1112-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prousali E. Efficacy and safety of interventions to control myopia progression in children: an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. BMC Ophthalmol. 2019;19(1):106. DOI: 10.1186/s12886-019-1112-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li S.M., Kang M.T., Wu S.S. Studies using concentric ring bifocal and peripheral add multifocal contact lenses to slow myopia progression in school aged children: a meta-analysis. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2017;37:51–59. DOI: 10.1111/opo.12332</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li S.M., Kang M.T., Wu S.S. Studies using concentric ring bifocal and peripheral add multifocal contact lenses to slow myopia progression in school aged children: a meta-analysis. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2017;37:51–59. DOI: 10.1111/opo.12332</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chamberlain P. A 3-year Randomized Clinical Trial of MiSight Lenses for Myopia Control. Optometry and Vision Science. 2019;96(8):556–567. DOI: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000001410</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chamberlain P. A 3-year Randomized Clinical Trial of MiSight Lenses for Myopia Control. Optometry and Vision Science. 2019;96(8):556–567. DOI: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000001410</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аветисов С.Э., Мягков А.В., Егорова А.В. Коррекция прогрессирующей миопии бифокальными контактными линзами с центральной зоной для дали: изменения аккомодации и передне-задней оси (предварительное сообщение). Вестник офтальмологии. 2019;135(1):42–46. DOI: 10.17116/oftalma201913501142</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Avetisov S.E., Myagkov A.V., Egorova A.V. Correcting progressive myopia with bifocal contact lenses with central zone for distant vision: changes in accommodation and axial length (a preliminary report). Annals of Ophthalmology = Vestnik oftal’mologii 2019;135(1):42–46 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17116/oftalma201913501142</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тарутта Е.П., Милаш С.В., Тарасова Н.А. Романова Л.И., Маркосян Г.А., Епишина М.В. Периферическая рефракция и контур сетчатки у детей с миопией по результатам рефрактометрии и частично когерентной интерферометрии. Вестник офтальмологии. 2014;6:44–49.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tarutta E.P., Milash S.V., Tarasova N.A. Romanova L.I., Markosyan G.A., Epishina M.V. Peripheral refraction and retinal contour in children with myopia by results of refractometry and partial coherence interferometry. Annals of Ophthalmology = Vestnik oftal’mologii. 2014;6:44–49 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Патент RU на изобретение 2367335, 20.09.2009. Егорова Т.С., Нероева Н.В. Способ определения зрительной продуктивности. Ссылка активна на 10.01.2020. http://www.freepatent.ru/patents/2367335</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patent RU 2367335, 20.09.2009. Egorova T.S., Neroeva N.V. Sposob opredeleniya zritel’noj produktivnosti. Accessed 10.01.2020 (In Russ.). http://www.freepatent.ru/patents/2367335</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тарутта Е.П., Иомдина Е.Н., Кварацхелия Н.Г., Милаш С.В., Кружкова Г.В. Периферическая рефракция и рефрактогенез: причина или следствие? Вестник офтальмологии. 2017;133(1):70–74. DOI: 10.17116/oftalma2017133170-74</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tarutta E.P., Iomdina E.N., Kvarachelija N.G. Milash S.V., Kruzhkova G.V. Peripheral refraction: cause or effect of refraction development? Annals of Ophthalmology = Vestnik oftal’mologii 2017;1:70–74 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17116/oftalma2017133170-74</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shen J., Spors F., Egan D. Peripheral refraction and image blur in four meridians in emmetropes and myopes. Clin Ophthalmol. 2018;12:345–358. DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S151288</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shen J., Spors F., Egan D. Peripheral refraction and image blur in four meridians in emmetropes and myopes. Clin Ophthalmol. 2018;12:345–358. DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S151288</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Verkicharla P.K., Suheimat M., Schmid K.L., Atchison D.A. Peripheral refraction, peripheral eye length, and retinal shape in myopia. Optom Vis Sci. 2016;93:1072–1078. DOI: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000000905</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Verkicharla P.K., Suheimat M., Schmid K.L., Atchison D.A. Peripheral refraction, peripheral eye length, and retinal shape in myopia. Optom Vis Sci. 2016;93:1072–1078. DOI: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000000905</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Atchison D.A., Pritchard N., Schmid K.L. Shape of the retinal surface in emmetropia and myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005;46:2698–2707. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.04-1506</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Atchison D.A., Pritchard N., Schmid K.L. Shape of the retinal surface in emmetropia and myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005;46:2698–2707. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.04-1506</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fedtke C., Ehrmann K., Bakaraju R. C. P. Peripheral refraction and spherical aberration profiles with single vision, bifocal and multifocal soft contact lenses. J Optom. 2020;13:15–28. DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2018.11.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedtke C., Ehrmann K., Bakaraju R. C. P. Peripheral refraction and spherical aberration profiles with single vision, bifocal and multifocal soft contact lenses. J Optom. 2020;13:15–28. DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2018.11.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тарутта Е.П., Милаш С.В., Тарасова Н.А. Индуцированный периферический дефокус и форма заднего полюса глаза на фоне ортокератологической коррекции миопии. Российский офтальмологический журнал. 2015;8(3):52–56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tarutta E.P., Milash S.V., Tarasova N.A. Induced peripheral defocus and the shape of the posterior eye pole in orthokeratological myopia correction. Russian ophthalmological journal = Rossiyskiy oftal’mologicheskiy zhurnal. 2015;8(3):52–56 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">González-Méijome J.M., Faria-Ribeiro M.A., Lopes-Ferreira D.P., Fernandes P., Carracedo G., Queiros A. Changes in peripheral refractive profile after orthokeratology for different degrees of myopia. Current eye research. 2016;2:199–207. DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2015.1009634</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">González-Méijome J.M., Faria-Ribeiro M.A., Lopes-Ferreira D.P., Fernandes P., Carracedo G., Queiros A. Changes in peripheral refractive profile after orthokeratology for different degrees of myopia. Current eye research. 2016;2:199–207. DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2015.1009634</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fedtke C., Ehrmann K., Thomas V., Bakaraju R.C. Peripheral refraction and aberration profiles with multifocal lenses. Optom Vis Sci. 2017;94:876–885. DOI: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000001112</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedtke C., Ehrmann K., Thomas V., Bakaraju R.C. Peripheral refraction and aberration profiles with multifocal lenses. Optom Vis Sci. 2017;94:876–885. DOI: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000001112</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gifford P., Li M., Lu H., Miu J., Panjaya M., Swarbrick H.A. Corneal versus ocular aberrations after overnight orthokeratology. Optom Vis Sci. 2013;90:439– 447. DOI: 10.1097/OPX.0b013e31828ec594</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gifford P., Li M., Lu H., Miu J., Panjaya M., Swarbrick H.A. Corneal versus ocular aberrations after overnight orthokeratology. Optom Vis Sci. 2013;90:439– 447. DOI: 10.1097/OPX.0b013e31828ec594</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang H., Wang Y., Li H. Corneal spherical aberration and corneal asphericity after small incision lenticule extraction and femtosecond laser-assisted LASIK. J Ophthalmol. 2017; 27 Aug. DOI: 10.1155/2017/4921090</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang H., Wang Y., Li H. Corneal spherical aberration and corneal asphericity after small incision lenticule extraction and femtosecond laser-assisted LASIK. J Ophthalmol. 2017; 27 Aug. DOI: 10.1155/2017/4921090</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu J.P., Zhang F., Zhao J.Y., Ma L.W., Zhang J.S. Visual function and higher or‑ der aberration after implantation of aspheric and spherical multifocal intraocular lenses: a meta-analysis. Int J Ophthalmol. 2013;6:690–695. DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2013.05.27</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu J.P., Zhang F., Zhao J.Y., Ma L.W., Zhang J.S. Visual function and higher or‑ der aberration after implantation of aspheric and spherical multifocal intraocular lenses: a meta-analysis. Int J Ophthalmol. 2013;6:690–695. DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2013.05.27</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Przekoracka K. Contrast sensitivity and visual acuity in subjects wearing multifocal contact lenses with high additions designed for myopia progression control. Contact Lens and Anterior Eye. 2020;43(1):33–39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Przekoracka K. Contrast sensitivity and visual acuity in subjects wearing multifocal contact lenses with high additions designed for myopia progression control. Contact Lens and Anterior Eye. 2020;43(1):33–39.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hiraoka T., Okamoto C., Ishii Y. Mesopic contrast sensitivity and ocular higherorder aberrations after overnight orthokeratology. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008;145:645–655. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2007.11.021</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hiraoka T., Okamoto C., Ishii Y. Mesopic contrast sensitivity and ocular higherorder aberrations after overnight orthokeratology. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008;145:645–655. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2007.11.021</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тарутта Е.П., Егорова Т.С., Аляева О.О., Вержанская Т.Ю. Офтальмоэргономические и функциональные показатели в оценке эффективности ортокератологической коррекции миопии у детей и подростков. Российский офтальмологический журнал. 2012;3:63–66.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tarutta E.P., Egorova T.S., Alyaeva  O.O., Verzhanskaya T.Yu. Ophthalmoergonomic and Functional Parameters in Effectiveness Estimation of Orthokeratologic Correction of Myopia in Children and Teenagers. Russian ophthalmological journal = Rossiyskiy oftal’mologicheskiy zhurnal. 2012;3:63–66 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
