<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2021-4-763-768</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-1677</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Закономерности естественной эволюции пролиферативного процесса при диабетической ретинопатии. Понятие ремиссии пролиферативной диабетической ретинопатии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Regularities of the Natural Evolution of the Proliferative Process in Diabetic Retinopathy. The Concept of Remission of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сдобникова</surname><given-names>C. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sdobnikova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сдобникова Светлана Владиленовна, кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>Ломоносовский пр., 27, стр. 10, Москва, 119192</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sdobnikova Svetlana V., PhD, senior researcher</p><p>Lomonosovsky ave., 27, bld. 10, Moscow, 119192</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sdobnikova_sv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медицинский научно-образовательный центр Московского государственного университета им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Medical Scientific and Educational Center of Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>763</fpage><lpage>768</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сдобникова C.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сдобникова C.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sdobnikova S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/1677">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/1677</self-uri><abstract><p>Анализируемые в настоящем обзоре данные свидетельствуют о том, что важной особенностью естественной эволюции диабетической ретинопатии (ДР) является возможность обратного развития основных ее признаков, включая новообразованные сосуды. Термин «спонтанная ремиссия», предложенный M.D. Davis, может быть корректным для констатации данного состояния. Спонтанная ремиссия может быть стойкой, а ее частота может существенно превосходить общепринятые 10 %. Признаками ремиссии пролиферативной диабетической ретинопатии (ПДР), независимо от причины возникновения (спонтанной или возникшей в результате лечения), являются отсутствие офтальмоскопически выявляемых неососудов; усиление/появление фиброзного компонента пролиферации, что сопровождается тракционной деформацией сетчатки. В связи с этим шкала, отражающая стадии эволюции новообразованных сосудов, и шкала тяжести, отражающая степень угрозы зрительным функциям при ПДР, не могут быть идентичны. Поскольку развитие и регресс неососудов являются отражением разнонаправленных процессов, выявление фазы эволюции ПДР является принципиальным при формировании дизайна исследований. В связи с возможностью применения искусственного интеллекта для анализа «больших данных» эффективность подхода к изучению ДР во многом будет определяться адекватностью группировки исходных данных. В связи с этим актуальным является анализ предшествующего опыта, позволяющий совершенствовать некоторые принципы систематизации результатов.</p><p>Заключение: констатация фазы эволюции неососудов при ПДР, их развития или регресса, является принципиальной при эпидемиологических и научных исследованиях. Выявление признаков, указывающих на вероятность развития спонтанной ремиссии ДР/ПДР, позволит обеспечить дифференцированный подход к лечению, а также изучить ассоциацию с динамикой соматического статуса пациента.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The data analyzed in this review indicate that an important feature of the natural evolution of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the possibility of reverse development of its main signs, including newly formed vessels. The term “spontaneous remission”, proposed by M.D. Davis, may be correct for stating this condition. Spontaneous remission can be persistent and its frequency can significantly exceed the generally accepted 10 %. Signs of remission of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), regardless of the cause of occurrence (spontaneous or resulting from treatment) are: absence of ophthalmoscopically detectable neovessels; increased/appearance of the fibrous component of proliferation, which is accompanied by traction deformation of the retina. Therefore, the scale reflecting the stages of evolution of newly formed vessels and the scale of severity reflecting the degree of threat to visual functions in PDR cannot be identical. Since the development and regression of neovessels is a reflection of multidirectional processes, the identification of the phase of PDR evolution is fundamental in the formation of research design. Due to the possibility of using artificial intelligence for the analysis of “big data”, the effectiveness of the approach to the study of DR will largely be determined by the adequacy of the grouping of the source data. In this regard, the analysis of previous experience is relevant, which allows us to improve some principles of systematization of results. Conclusion: The statement of the phase of evolution of neovessels in PDR is fundamental in epidemiological and scientific studies. The identification of signs indicating the likelihood of spontaneous remission of DR/PDR will allow us to provide a differentiated approach to treatment, as well as to study the association with the dynamics of the patient’s somatic status.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>диабетическая ретинопатия</kwd><kwd>ремиссия</kwd><kwd>шкала тяжести</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diabetic retinopathy</kwd><kwd>remission</kwd><kwd>severity scale</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bringmann A., Wiedemann P. Involvement of Müller glial cells in epiretinal mem brane formation. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2009;247(7):865–883 (In Ger man). DOI: 10.1007/s00417-009-1082-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bringmann A., Wiedemann P. Involvement of Müller glial cells in epiretinal mem  brane formation. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2009;247(7):865–883 (In Ger  man). DOI: 10.1007/s00417-009-1082-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Caird F.I., Pirie A., Ramsell T.G. Diabetes and the Eye. Oxford, Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1969.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Caird F.I., Pirie A., Ramsell T.G. Diabetes and the Eye. Oxford, Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1969.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hammes H.P., Porta M. Experimental approaches to diabetic retinopathy. Basel. Karger; 2010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hammes H.P., Porta M. Experimental approaches to diabetic retinopathy. Basel. Karger; 2010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Беккер Б. Офтальмологические осложнения сахарного диабета. В кн.: Ви льямс Р. Диабет. Пер. с англ. М.: «Медицина»; 1964. С. 454–469.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Беккер Б. Офтальмологические осложнения сахарного диабета. В кн.: Ви  льямс Р. Диабет. Пер. с англ. М.: «Медицина»; 1964. С. 454–469. [Becker B. Ophthalmological complications of diabetes mellitus. In: Williams RH, editor. Diabetes. Moscow: Medicine. 1964. P. 454–469 (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davis M.D. Vitreous contraction in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1965;74(6):741–751. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.1965.00970040743003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davis M.D. Vitreous contraction in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1965;74(6):741–751. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.1965.00970040743003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cikamatana L., Mitchell P., Rochtchina E. Five-year incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy in a defined older population: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Eye (Lond). 2007;21(4):465–471. DOI: 10.1038/sj.eye.6702771</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cikamatana L., Mitchell P., Rochtchina E. Five-year incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy in a defined older population: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Eye (Lond). 2007;21(4):465–471. DOI: 10.1038/sj.eye.6702771</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Root H.F. Proliferative retinopathy in diabetes mellitus. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1959;169(9):903. DOI: 10.1001/jama.1959.03000260001001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Root H.F. Proliferative retinopathy in diabetes mellitus. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1959;169(9):903. DOI: 10.1001/jama.1959.03000260001001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beetham W.P. Visual prognosis of proliferating diabetic retinopathy. Br J Ophthalmol. 1963;47(10):611–619. DOI: 10.1136/bjo.47.10.611</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beetham W.P. Visual prognosis of proliferating diabetic retinopathy. Br J Ophthalmol. 1963;47(10):611–619. DOI: 10.1136/bjo.47.10.611</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deckert T., Simonsen S.E., Poulsen J.E. Prognosis of proliferative retinopathy in juvenile diabetics. Diabetes. 1967;16(10):728–733. DOI: 10.2337/diab.16.10.728</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deckert T., Simonsen S.E., Poulsen J.E. Prognosis of proliferative retinopathy in juvenile diabetics. Diabetes. 1967;16(10):728–733. DOI: 10.2337/diab.16.10.728</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patz A., Berkow J.W. Visual and systemic prognosis in diabetic retinopathy. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol. 1968;72:253–257.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patz A., Berkow J.W. Visual and systemic prognosis in diabetic retinopathy. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol. 1968;72:253–257.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hanum S. Diabetic retinitis. Clinical studies of 195 cases of retinal changes in dia betics. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 1939; Suppl. 16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hanum S. Diabetic retinitis. Clinical studies of 195 cases of retinal changes in dia  betics. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 1939; Suppl. 16.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dobree J.H. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy: evolution of the retinal lesions. Br J Ophthalmol. 1964;48(12):637–649. DOI: 10.1136/bjo.48.12.637</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dobree J.H. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy: evolution of the retinal lesions. Br J Ophthalmol. 1964;48(12):637–649. DOI: 10.1136/bjo.48.12.637</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Larsen H.W. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 1959; 36.Suppl.55. Cit. ex ibid.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Larsen H.W. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 1959; 36.Suppl.55. Cit. ex ibid.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fisher F. Ungewöhnliche remissionen bei retinitis diabetic proliferans. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1961;163:397–402.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fisher F. Ungewöhnliche remissionen bei retinitis diabetic proliferans. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1961;163:397–402.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yassur Y., Pickle L.W., Fine S.L. Optic disc neovascularisation in diabetic retinopa thy: II. Natural history and results of photocoagulation treatment. Br J Ophthalmol. 1980;64(2):77–86. DOI: 10.1136/bjo.64.2.77.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yassur Y., Pickle L.W., Fine S.L. Optic disc neovascularisation in diabetic retinopa  thy: II. Natural history and results of photocoagulation treatment. Br J Ophthalmol. 1980;64(2):77–86. DOI: 10.1136/bjo.64.2.77.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сдобникова С.В., Мазурина Н.К., Столяренко Г.Е. Современный подход к лечению пролиферативной диабетической ретинопатии. Российский медицинский журнал. Клиническая офтальмология. 2002; 99(3):105.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sdobnikova S.V., Mazurina N.K., Stoljarenko G.E. A modern approach to the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Russian Medical Journal. Clinical Ophthalmology = Rossiyskiy medicinskiy zhurnal. Klinicheskaya oftal’mologiya. 2002;99(3):105 (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vaz-Pereira S., Zarranz-Ventura J., Sim D.A. Optical coherence tomography fea tures of active and inactive retinal neovascularization in proliferative diabetic reti nopathy. Retina. 2016;36:1132–1142. DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000000869</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vaz-Pereira S., Zarranz-Ventura J., Sim D.A. Optical coherence tomography fea  tures of active and inactive retinal neovascularization in proliferative diabetic reti  nopathy. Retina. 2016;36:1132–1142. DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000000869</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vaz-Pereira, S., Morais-Sarmento T., Esteves Marques R. Optical coherence tomog raphy features of neovascularization in proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a system atic review. Int J Retina Vitreous. 2020;26(6). DOI: 10.1186/s40942-020-00230-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vaz-Pereira, S., Morais-Sarmento T., Esteves Marques R. Optical coherence tomog  raphy features of neovascularization in proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a system  atic review. Int J Retina Vitreous. 2020;26(6). DOI: 10.1186/s40942-020-00230-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Little H.L. Pathogenesis. Blood rheology. In: L’Esperance F.A., James W.A., editors. Diabetic retinopathy., St Louis-Toronto-London: C.V. Mosby Co. 1981. P. 58–89.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Little H.L. Pathogenesis. Blood rheology. In: L’Esperance F.A., James W.A., editors. Diabetic retinopathy., St Louis-Toronto-London: C.V. Mosby Co. 1981. P. 58–89.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ramsay W.J., Ramsay R.C., Purple R.L., Knobloch W.H. Involutional dia betic retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol.1977;84(6):851–858. DOI: 10.1016/00029394(77)90509-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ramsay W.J., Ramsay R.C., Purple R.L., Knobloch W.H. Involutional dia  betic retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol.1977;84(6):851–858. DOI: 10.1016/00029394(77)90509-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Глуходед С.В., Пивоваров Н.Н., Симонова К.К. Роль гемодинамики сетчат ки в патогенезе пролиферативной диабетической ретинопатии. Вестник офтальмологии. 1981;4:71–73.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glukhoded  S.V.,  Pivovarov  N.N., Simono  va K.K. The role of retinal hemodynamics in the pathogenesis of proliferative dia  betic retinopathy. Annals of Ophthalmology = Vestnik oftal’mologii 1981; 4:71-73. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Charles S., Flinn C.E. The natural history of diabetic extramacular traction retinal detachment. Arch Ophthalmol. 1981;99(1):66–68. DOI: 10.1001/ar chopht.1981.03930010068003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Charles S., Flinn C.E. The natural history of diabetic extramacular traction retinal detachment. Arch Ophthalmol. 1981;99(1):66–68. DOI: 10.1001/ar  chopht.1981.03930010068003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Danis R.P., Davis M.D. Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. In: Duh E.J., editor. Diabetic retinopathy. Humana Press, a part of Springer Science + Business Media, LLC; 2008. P. 29–65. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-563-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Danis R.P., Davis M.D. Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. In: Duh E.J., editor. Diabetic retinopathy. Humana Press, a part of Springer Science + Business Media, LLC; 2008. P. 29–65. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-563-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ditzel J. Angioscopic changes in smaller blood vessels in diabetes mellitus and their relationship to aging. Circulation. 1956;14(3):386–397. DOI: 10.1161/01. cir.14.3.386 25. Ditzel J., Camerini-Davalos R. Reversibility of venular dilatation and congestion in diabetic subjects over a period of hours. Exp Biol Med. 1958;97(2):475–477. DOI: 10.3181/00379727-97-23778</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ditzel J. Angioscopic changes in smaller blood vessels in diabetes mellitus and their relationship to aging. Circulation. 1956;14(3):386–397. DOI: 10.1161/01. cir.14.3.386 25. Ditzel J., Camerini-Davalos R. Reversibility of venular dilatation and congestion in diabetic subjects over a period of hours. Exp Biol Med. 1958;97(2):475–477. DOI: 10.3181/00379727-97-23778</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ditzel J., Sargeant L., Hadley W.B. Relationship of Abnormal Vascular Re sponses to Retinopathy and Nephropathy in Diabetics. AMA Arch Intern Med. 1958;101(5):912–920. DOI: 10.1001/archinte.1958.00260170068009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ditzel J., Sargeant L., Hadley W.B. Relationship of Abnormal Vascular Re  sponses to Retinopathy and Nephropathy in Diabetics. AMA Arch Intern Med. 1958;101(5):912–920. DOI: 10.1001/archinte.1958.00260170068009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grunwald J.E., Riva C.E., Brucker A.J. Altered retinal vascular response to 100 % oxygen breathing in diabetes mellitus. Ophtalmology. 1984;91(12):1447–1452. DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(84)34124-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grunwald J.E., Riva C.E., Brucker A.J. Altered retinal vascular response to 100 % oxygen breathing in diabetes mellitus. Ophtalmology. 1984;91(12):1447–1452. DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(84)34124-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Feke G.T., Green G.J., Goger D.G., McMeel J.W. Laser Doppler measurements of the effect of panretinal photocoagulation on retinal blood flow. Ophthalmology. 1982;89(7):757–762. DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(82)34726-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Feke G.T., Green G.J., Goger D.G., McMeel J.W. Laser Doppler measurements of the effect of panretinal photocoagulation on retinal blood flow. Ophthalmology. 1982;89(7):757–762. DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(82)34726-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grunwald J.E., Riva C.E., Brucker A.J. Effect of panretinal photocoagulation on reti nal blood flow in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Ophthalmology. 1986;93(5):590– 595. DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(86)33691-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grunwald J.E., Riva C.E., Brucker A.J. Effect of panretinal photocoagulation on reti  nal blood flow in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Ophthalmology. 1986;93(5):590– 595. DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(86)33691-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Okun E. The effectiveness of photocoagulation in the therapy of proliferative dia betic retinopathy (PDR) (a controlled study in 50 patients). Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol. 1968;72(2):246–252.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Okun E. The effectiveness of photocoagulation in the therapy of proliferative dia  betic retinopathy (PDR) (a controlled study in 50 patients). Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol. 1968;72(2):246–252.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beetham W.P., Aiello L.M., Balodimos M.C., Koncz L. Ruby laser photocoagula tion of early diabetic neovascular retinopathy preliminary report of a long-term controlled study. Arch Ophthalmol. 1970;83(3):261–272. DOI: 10.1001/ar chopht.1970.00990030263001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beetham W.P., Aiello L.M., Balodimos M.C., Koncz L. Ruby laser photocoagula  tion of early diabetic neovascular retinopathy preliminary report of a long-term controlled study. Arch Ophthalmol. 1970;83(3):261–272. DOI: 10.1001/ar  chopht.1970.00990030263001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muqit M.M., Marcellino G.R., Henson D.B. Optosguided pattern scan laser (Pascal)-targeted retinal photocoagulation in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Acta Ophthalmol. 2013;91(3):251–258. DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2011.02307.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muqit M.M., Marcellino G.R., Henson D.B. Optosguided pattern scan laser (Pascal)-targeted retinal photocoagulation in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Acta Ophthalmol. 2013;91(3):251–258. DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2011.02307.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сдобникова С.В., Кулыбышева В.С., Сидамонидзе А.Л. Состояние нейро сенсорного аппарата глаза при сахарном диабете. Вестник офтальмологии. 2018;134(5):263–269.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sdobnikova S.V., Kulybysheva V.S., Sidamonidze A.L. The state of ocular neurosensory apparatus in diabetes mellitus. Annals of Ophthal  mology = Vestnik Oftalmologii. 2018;134(5):263–269 (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi. org/10.17116/oftalma2018134051263</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moran E.P., Wang Z., Chen J, Neurovascular cross talk in diabetic retinopathy: Pathophysiological roles and therapeutic implications. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2016;311(3):H738–749. DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00005.2016</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moran E.P., Wang Z., Chen J, Neurovascular cross talk in diabetic retinopathy: Pathophysiological roles and therapeutic implications. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2016;311(3):H738–749. DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00005.2016</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bandello F., Gass J.D., Lattanzio R., Brancato R. Spontaneous regression of neovas cularization at the disk and elsewhere in diabetic retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1996;122(4):494–501. DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)72108-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bandello F., Gass J.D., Lattanzio R., Brancato R. Spontaneous regression of neovas  cularization at the disk and elsewhere in diabetic retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1996;122(4):494–501. DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)72108-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Irsigler K., Kritz H., Najemnik C., Freyler H. Rückbildung einer floriden prolifera tiven diabetischen retinopathie durch 5 monate lang dauernde normoglykämie mit tels eines tragbaren insulindosiergerätes. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1980;92(8):270– 276 (In German).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Irsigler K., Kritz H., Najemnik C., Freyler H. Rückbildung einer floriden prolifera  tiven diabetischen retinopathie durch 5 monate lang dauernde normoglykämie mit  tels eines tragbaren insulindosiergerätes. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1980;92(8):270– 276 (In German).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Irsigler K., Kritz H., Najemnik C., Freyler H. Reversal of florid diabetic retinopathy. Lancet. 1979;17;2(8151):1068. DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(79)92458-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Irsigler K., Kritz H., Najemnik C., Freyler H. Reversal of florid diabetic retinopathy. Lancet. 1979;17;2(8151):1068. DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(79)92458-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosenlund E.F., Haakens K., Brinchmann-Hansen O. Transient proliferative diabetic retinopathy during intensified insulin treatment. Am J Ophthalmol. 1988;105(6):618–625. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9394(88)90054-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosenlund E.F., Haakens K., Brinchmann-Hansen O. Transient proliferative diabetic retinopathy during intensified insulin treatment. Am J Ophthalmol. 1988;105(6):618–625. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9394(88)90054-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scott J.D. Arrest and regression of retinal neovascularization. Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K. 1981;101:209–211.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scott J.D. Arrest and regression of retinal neovascularization. Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K. 1981;101:209–211.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Segato T., Midena E., Piermarocchi S. The effect of continuous insulin infusion treatment on proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1982;94(5):685– 686. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9394(82)90023-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Segato T., Midena E., Piermarocchi S. The effect of continuous insulin infusion treatment on proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1982;94(5):685– 686. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9394(82)90023-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Han J.R., Ju W.K., Park I.W. Spontaneous regression of neovascularization at the disk in diabetic retinopathy. Korean J Ophthalmol. 2004;18(1):41–46. DOI: 10.3341/ kjo.2004.18.1.41</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Han J.R., Ju W.K., Park I.W. Spontaneous regression of neovascularization at the disk in diabetic retinopathy. Korean J Ophthalmol. 2004;18(1):41–46. DOI: 10.3341/ kjo.2004.18.1.41</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fischer F. Spontaneous regression of diabetic retinopathy. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 1976;169:602–605.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fischer F. Spontaneous regression of diabetic retinopathy. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 1976;169:602–605.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pingault C., Bonnet M. Spontaneous improvement of diabetic retinopathy. Bull Soc Ophtalmol Fr.1980;80:167–168.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pingault C., Bonnet M. Spontaneous improvement of diabetic retinopathy. Bull Soc Ophtalmol Fr.1980;80:167–168.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grading diabetic retinopathy from stereoscopic color fundus photographs-an ex tension of the modified airlie house classification. ETDRS report number 10. Oph thalmology. 1991;98(5):786–806. DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(13)38012-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grading diabetic retinopathy from stereoscopic color fundus photographs-an ex  tension of the modified airlie house classification. ETDRS report number 10. Oph  thalmology. 1991;98(5):786–806. DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(13)38012-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Diabetic retinopathy study research group: report 7. A modification of the airlie house classification of diabetic retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1981;21(1 Pt 2):210–226.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Diabetic retinopathy study research group: report 7. A modification of the airlie house classification of diabetic retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1981;21(1 Pt 2):210–226.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Solomon S.D., Goldberg M.F. ETDRS grading of diabetic retinopathy: still the gold standard? Ophthalmic Res. 2019;62(4):190–195. DOI: 10.1159/000501372 47. Cunha-Vaz J.G. Diabetic retinopathy. World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd; 2011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Solomon S.D., Goldberg M.F. ETDRS grading of diabetic retinopathy: still the gold standard? Ophthalmic Res. 2019;62(4):190–195. DOI: 10.1159/000501372 47. Cunha-Vaz J.G. Diabetic retinopathy. World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd; 2011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
