<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2021-4-866-875</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-1694</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ И ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL &amp; EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Рецептор VEGF-R1/Flt-1 как характеристика ангиогенного фенотипа увеальной меланомы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>VEGF-R1/Flt-1 Receptor as a Characteristic of the Angiogenic Phenotype of Uveal Melanoma</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3175-9592</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лихванцева</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Likhvantseva</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лихванцева Вера Геннадьевна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры офтальмологии</p><p>ул. Гамалеи, 15, Москва, 123098; Волоколамское шоссе, 91, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Likhvantseva Vera G., MD, Professor, department of ophthalmology</p><p>Gamalei str., 15, Moscow, 123098</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">likhvantseva-4@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анурова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Anurova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анурова Ольга Александровна, кандидат медицинских наук, врач-патологоанатом отделения № 3 (онкопатология)</p><p>ул. Академика Опарина, 4, Москва, 117997</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anurova Olga А., PhD, pathologist of the pathology department No. 3 (oncopathology)</p><p>Academician Oparina str., 4, Moscow, 117997</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Астахова</surname><given-names>С. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Astakhova</surname><given-names>S. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Астахова Светлана Евгеньевна, кандидат медицинских наук, кафедра офтальмологии</p><p>Волоколамское шоссе, 91, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Astakhova Svetlana E., MD, department of ophthalmology</p><p>Volokolamsk highway, 91, Moscow, 125371</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Верещагина</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vereshchagina</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Верещагина Марина Владимировна, кандидат медицинских наук, врач</p><p>Коптевский бульвар, 18, корп. 1, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vereshchagina Marina V., PhD, doctor</p><p>Koptev ave., 18/1, Moscow, 125239</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ованесян</surname><given-names>В. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ovanesyan</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ованесян Владимир Эдуардович, заведующий отделением офтальмологии</p><p>Жукова гора, 19, Егорьевск, Московская область, 140304</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ovanesian Vladimir E., head of the department of ophthalmology</p><p>Zhukova Mountain, 19, Yegoryevsk, Moscow Region, 140304</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Степанова Евгения Владиславовна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, руководитель лаборатории изучения механизмов ангиогенеза</p><p>Каширское шоссе, 23, Москва, 23115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stepanova Evgenia V., PhD, Professor, head of the laboratory for the study of angiogenesis mechanisms</p><p>Kashirskoye highway, 23, Moscow, 115478</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «ГНЦ РФ — Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна» Федерального медико-биологического агентства; Академия постдипломного образования ФГБУ «Федеральный научно-клинический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий» Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.I. Burnazyan Federal Biophysical Center of FMBA of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии им. академика В.И. Кулакова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after academician V.I. Kulakov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Академия постдипломного образования ФГБУ «Федеральный научно-клинический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий» Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academy of Postgraduate Education of the Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Medical Assistance and Medical Technologies of FMBA of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУ «Детская городская поликлиника № 15» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы, Амбулаторно-поликлинический центр</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Children’s City Polyclinic No. 15, Ambulatory аnd Polyclinic Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ МО «Егорьевская центральная районная больница»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yegoryev Central District Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт экспериментальной диагностики и терапии опухолей ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Experimental Diagnostics and Therapy of Tumors of National Medical Research Center of Oncology named after N.N. Blokhin</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>866</fpage><lpage>875</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лихванцева В.Г., Анурова О.А., Астахова С.Е., Верещагина М.В., Ованесян В.Э., Степанова Е.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лихванцева В.Г., Анурова О.А., Астахова С.Е., Верещагина М.В., Ованесян В.Э., Степанова Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Likhvantseva V.G., Anurova O.A., Astakhova S.E., Vereshchagina M.V., Ovanesyan V.E., Stepanova E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/1694">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/1694</self-uri><abstract><p>Благодаря появившимся новым фундаментальным данным наши представления о роли ангиогенеза и его молекулярных участниках изменились. Расшифрованы молекулярно-генетические механизмы активации сигнальных путей пролиферации, малигнизации, подавления апоптоза опухолевых клеток, осуществляемые посредством взаимодействия молекулы VEGF с ее рецепторами. Сменилась доктрина ангиогенеза. Ангиогенез стали рассматривать в аспекте механизма повышения анаплазии, ускорения пролиферации, формирования клона стволовых опухолевых клеток, высокорезистентных к химиотерапии и лучевой терапии, с высоким потенциалом к метастазированию. Настало время для пересмотра роли отдельных биологических маркеров ангиогенеза в контекcте их пригодности в прогнозировании исхода заболевания и оценки в качестве потенциальной мишени для таргетной терапии. В этом аспекте увеальная меланома (УМ) как модель чрезвычайно агрессивной злокачественной опухоли, использующей свой ангиогенный фенотип для ускорения гематогенного метастазирования, привлекает особый интерес. В качестве одной из характеристик ангиогенного фенотипа служит рецептор VEGF-R1/Flt-1.</p><sec><title>Цель работы</title><p>Цель работы: изучить экспрессию рецептора VEGF-R1/Flt-1 как характеристику ангиогенного фенотипа УМ в корреляции с ее клинико-морфологическими показателями и исходом заболевания.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Авторы провели ретроспективное исследование на 98 архивных парафиновых блоках глаз пациентов с УМ. Выявлены следующие общие закономерности экспрессии Flt в клетках УМ: Базовая экспрессия имеет место при самых маленьких опухолевых пролифератах УМ (Т1). Причем гиперэкспрессия (ИГХ-градация III) Flt в ядре (39,7 %) и цитоплазме (36,3 %) имела место у каждого третьего пациента с УМ в стадии Т1. Пик рецепции по максимальному среднему, процент позитивных клеток (Ммах ср. ± м) и усредненной клеточной ИГХ-градации экспрессии зафиксирован на стадии T2, после этого происходил медленный спад до стадии T4. Число гиперэкспрессирующих Flt в ядре и цитоплазме клеток УМ возрастало в 2 раза (75,3 %) к стадии Т2. Пик ядерной экспрессии Flt по количеству иммунопозитивных клеток зафиксирован также на стадии Т2. Авторы пришли к выводу, что экспрессия VEGF-R1/Flt-1 является очень важной характеристикой ангиогенного фенотипа УМ. В подавляющем большинстве УМ имеет место экспрессия рецептора VEGF-R1/Flt-1 в ядре и цитоплазме опухолевых клеток. Выявленные корреляционные связи показателей экспрессии VEGF-R1/Flt-1 с объемом и гистологическим типом опухоли, стадией заболевания и метастазированием позволяют им считать Flt-1 важным показателем, ассоциированным с патогенезом и прогнозом увеальной меланомы и потенциальной мишенью для таргетной терапии. Прогностически неблагоприятным фактором в аспекте прогноза риска развития метастазов следует считать индекс соотношения Flt C/Flt N ≥ 3.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Thanks to new fundamental data, our understanding of the angiogenesis’ role and its molecular participants has changed. Molecular genetic mechanisms of activation of signaling pathways of proliferation, malignancy, suppression of the tumor cells’ apoptosis, carried out through the interaction of the VEGF molecule with its receptors, have been deciphered. Molecular genetic mechanisms of activation of signaling pathways of proliferation, malignancy, suppression of apoptosis of tumor cells, carried out through the interaction of the VEGF molecule with its receptors, have been deciphered. The doctrine of angiogenesis has changed. Angiogenesis began to be considered in the aspect of the increasing anaplasia mechanism, accelerating proliferation, the formation of a clone of stem tumor cells, highly resistant to chemotherapy and radiation therapy with a high potential for metastasis. It is time to reconsider the role of individual biological markers of angiogenesis in their suitability in predicting disease outcome and evaluating them as a potential target for targeted therapy. In this aspect, uveal melanoma (UM) as a model of an extremely aggressive malignant tumor using its angiogenic phenotype to accelerate hematogenous metastasis is of particular interest. One of the characteristics of the angiogenic phenotype is VEGF-R1/Flt-1. The purpose: to study the expression of the VEGF-R1/Flt-1 receptor as a characteristic of the angiogenic phenotype of UM in correlation with its clinical and morphological indicators and the outcome of the disease. The authors conducted a retrospective study on 98 archival paraffin blocks of the eyes of patients with UM. The following general patterns of Flt expression in UM cells are revealed: Basic expression takes place in the smallest tumor proliferates UM (T1). Moreover, overexpression (IGH-gradation III) of Flt in the nucleus (39.7 %) and cytoplasm (36.3 %) occurred in every third patient with UM in stage T1. The peak of reception for the maximum average percentage of positive cells and the average cellular IGH gradation of expression was recorded at the T2 stage, after which there was a slow decline to the T4 stage. The number of overexpressive Flt in the nucleus and cytoplasm of UM cells increased x 2 times (75.3 %) to the T2 stage. The peak of Flt nuclear expression in terms of the number of immunopositive cells was also recorded at the T2 stage. The authors concluded that VEGF-R1/Flt-1 expression is a very important characteristic of the UM angiogenic phenotype. In the vast majority of UM, there is an expression of the VEGF-R1/Flt-1 receptor in the nucleus and cytoplasm of tumor cells. The revealed correlations of VEGF-R1/Flt-1 expression with the volume and histological type of tumor, disease stage and metastasis allow them to consider Flt-1 an important indicator associated with the pathogenesis and prognosis of uveal melanoma and a potential target for targeted therapy. A prognostic adverse factor in the aspect of the prognosis of the risk of metastases should be considered the index of the ratio Flt C/Flt N ≥ 3.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>увеальная меланома</kwd><kwd>ангиогенез</kwd><kwd>рецептор VEGF-R1/Flt-1</kwd><kwd>иммуногистохимический анализ</kwd><kwd>прогноз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>uveal melanoma</kwd><kwd>angiogenesis</kwd><kwd>receptor VEGF-R1/Flt-1</kwd><kwd>immunohystochemical analysis</kwd><kwd>prognosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Карамышева А.Ф. Ангиогенез опухоли: механизмы, новые подходы. В кн.: Канцерогенез. Под ред. Д.Г. Заридзе. М.: Научный мир, 2000.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karamysheva A.F. Tumor angiogenesis: mechanisms, new approaches. In the book: Carcinogenesis. Ed. by D.G. Zaridze. Moscow: Scientific World: 2000 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Holmes K., Roberts O.L., Thomas A.M., Cross M.J. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2: structure, function, intracellular signalling and therapeutic inhibition. Cell Signal. journal. 2007;19(10):2003–2012. DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2007.05.013</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Holmes K., Roberts O.L., Thomas A.M., Cross M.J. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2: structure, function, intracellular signalling and therapeutic inhibition. Cell Signal. journal. 2007;19(10):2003–2012. DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2007.05.013</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stuttfeld E., Ballmer-Hofer K. Structure and function of VEGF receptors. IUBMB Life. 2009;61(9):915–922. DOI: 10.1002/iub.234</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stuttfeld E., Ballmer-Hofer K. Structure and function of VEGF receptors. IUBMB Life. 2009;61(9):915–922. DOI: 10.1002/iub.234</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gabrilove J.L. Angiogenic growth factors: Autocrine and paracrine regulation of survival in hematologic malignancies. Oncologist. 2001;6(Suppl. S5):4–7. DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.6-suppl_5-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gabrilove J.L. Angiogenic growth factors: Autocrine and paracrine regulation of survival in hematologic malignancies. Oncologist. 2001;6(Suppl. S5):4–7. DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.6-suppl_5-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li B., Xiu R. Angiogenesis: From molecular mechanisms to translational implications. Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc. 2013;54(4):345–355. DOI: 10.3233/CH-121647</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li B., Xiu R. Angiogenesis: From molecular mechanisms to translational implications. Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc. 2013;54(4):345–355. DOI: 10.3233/CH-121647</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cébe-Suarez S., Zehnder-Fjällman A., Ballmer-Hofer K. The role of VEGF receptors in angiogenesis; complex partnerships Cell Mol Life Sci. 2006;63(5):601–615. DOI: 10.1007/s00018-005-5426-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cébe-Suarez S., Zehnder-Fjällman A., Ballmer-Hofer K. The role of VEGF receptors in angiogenesis; complex partnerships Cell Mol Life Sci. 2006;63(5):601–615. DOI: 10.1007/s00018-005-5426-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dvorak A.M., Feng D. The vesiculo-vacuolar organelle: a new endothelial cell permeability organelle. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 2001;49(4):419–432. DOI: 10.1177/002215540104900401</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dvorak A.M., Feng D. The vesiculo-vacuolar organelle: a new endothelial cell permeability organelle. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 2001;49(4):419–432. DOI: 10.1177/002215540104900401</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Esser S., Wolburg K., Wolburg H., Breier G., Kurzchalia T., Risau W. Vascular endothelial growth factor induces endothelial fenestrations in vitro. J. Cell Biol. 1998;140(4):947–959. DOI: 10.1083/jcb.140.4.947</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Esser S., Wolburg K., Wolburg H., Breier G., Kurzchalia T., Risau W. Vascular endothelial growth factor induces endothelial fenestrations in vitro. J. Cell Biol. 1998;140(4):947–959. DOI: 10.1083/jcb.140.4.947</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roberts W.G., Palade G.E. Increased microvascular permeability and endothelial fenestration induced by vascular endothelial growth factor. J. Cell Sci. 1995;108(Pt 6):2369–2379.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roberts W.G., Palade G.E. Increased microvascular permeability and endothelial fenestration induced by vascular endothelial growth factor. J. Cell Sci. 1995;108(Pt 6):2369–2379.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hanks S.K., Quinn A.M., Hunter T. The protein kinase family: conserved features and deduced phylogeny of the catalytic domains. Science. 1988;241(4861):42–52. DOI: 10.1126/science.3291115</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hanks S.K., Quinn A.M., Hunter T. The protein kinase family: conserved features and deduced phylogeny of the catalytic domains. Science. 1988;241(4861):42–52. DOI: 10.1126/science.3291115</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dengjel J., Kratchmarova I., Blagoev B. Receptor tyrosine kinase signaling: a view from quantitative proteomics. Mol Biosyst. 2009;5(10):1112–1121. DOI: 10.1039/ b909534a</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dengjel J., Kratchmarova I., Blagoev B. Receptor tyrosine kinase signaling: a view from quantitative proteomics. Mol Biosyst. 2009;5(10):1112–1121. DOI: 10.1039/ b909534a</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hoeben A., Landuyt B., Highley M.S., Wildiers H., Van Oosterom A.T., De Bruijn E.A. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Angiogenesis Pharmacological Reviews. 2004;56(4):549–580. DOI: 10.1124/pr.56.4.3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hoeben A., Landuyt B., Highley M.S., Wildiers H., Van Oosterom A.T., De Bruijn E.A. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Angiogenesis Pharmacological Reviews. 2004;56(4):549–580. DOI: 10.1124/pr.56.4.3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garg G., Finger P.T., Kivelä T.T., Simpson E.R., Gallie B.L., Saakyan S. Patients presenting with metastases: stage IV uveal melanoma, an international study..Br J Ophthalmol. 2021;0:1–8. DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-317949</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garg G., Finger P.T., Kivelä T.T., Simpson E.R., Gallie B.L., Saakyan S. Patients presenting with metastases: stage IV uveal melanoma, an international study..Br J Ophthalmol. 2021;0:1–8. DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-317949</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brierley J., Gospodarowicz M.K., Wittekind C. (eds.) TNM classification of malignant tumours, Eighth edition edn. Oxford, UK; Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc; 2017. 272 p. ISBN: 978-1-119-26357-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brierley J., Gospodarowicz M.K., Wittekind C. (eds.) TNM classification of malignant tumours, Eighth edition edn. Oxford, UK; Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc; 2017. 272 p. ISBN: 978-1-119-26357-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heegaard S., Jensen O.A., Prause J.U. Immunohistochemical diagnosis of malignant melanoma of the conjunctiva and uvea: comparison of the novel antibody against melan-A with S100 protein and HMB-45. Melanoma Res. 2000;10(4):350–354. DOI: 10.1097/00008390-200008000-00006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heegaard S., Jensen O.A., Prause J.U. Immunohistochemical diagnosis of malignant melanoma of the conjunctiva and uvea: comparison of the novel antibody against melan-A with S100 protein and HMB-45. Melanoma Res. 2000;10(4):350–354. DOI: 10.1097/00008390-200008000-00006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dabbs D.J. Diagnostic immunohistochemistry. 5th Ed. Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia. 2002. 641 p. ISBN: 9780323551601</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dabbs D.J. Diagnostic immunohistochemistry. 5th Ed. Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia. 2002. 641 p. ISBN: 9780323551601</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fan F., Wey J.S., McCarty M.F., Belcheva A., Liu W. Expression and function of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 on human colorectal cancer cells. Oncogene. 2005;24(16):2647–2653. DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208246</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fan F., Wey J.S., McCarty M.F., Belcheva A., Liu W. Expression and function of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 on human colorectal cancer cells. Oncogene. 2005;24(16):2647–2653. DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208246</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vincent L. Fetal stromal-dependent paracrine and intracrine vascular endothelial growth factor-a/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 signaling promotes proliferation and motility of human primary myeloma cells. Cancer Res. 2005;65(8):3185–3192. DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-3598</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vincent L. Fetal stromal-dependent paracrine and intracrine vascular endothelial growth factor-a/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 signaling promotes proliferation and motility of human primary myeloma cells. Cancer Res. 2005;65(8):3185–3192. DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-3598</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тырсина Е.Г. VEGF-R1 как потенциальная молекулярная мишень для противоопухолевой терапии. Доклады Академии Наук. (Биохимия, биофизика, молекулярная биология). 2018;478(2):236–239.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tyrsina E.G. VEGF-R1 as a potential molecular target for anticancer therapy. Reports of the Academy of Sciences. (Biochemistry, biophysics, molecular biology)  = Doklady Akademii Nauk. Biohimiya, biofizika, molekulyarnaya biologiya. 2018;478(2):236–239 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee T.H. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Mediates Intracrine Survival in Human Breast Carcinoma Cells through Internally Expressed VEGFR1/FLT1. PLoS Med. 2007;4(6):1001–1016. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040186</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee T.H. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Mediates Intracrine Survival in Human Breast Carcinoma Cells through Internally Expressed VEGFR1/FLT1. PLoS Med. 2007;4(6):1001–1016. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040186</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Limbergen E.J., Zabrocki P., Porcu M., Hauben E., Cools J., Nuyts S. FLT1 kinase is a mediator of radioresistance and survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Acta Oncol. 2004;53(5):637–645. DOI: 10.3109/0284186X.2013.835493</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Limbergen E.J., Zabrocki P., Porcu M., Hauben E., Cools J., Nuyts  S. FLT1 kinase is a mediator of radioresistance and survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Acta Oncol. 2004;53(5):637–645. DOI: 10.3109/0284186X.2013.835493</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bhattacharya R., Xiang-Cang Ye, Rui Wang, Xia Ling, McManus M., Fan Fan, et al. Intracrine VEGF Signaling Mediates the Activity of Prosurvival Pathways in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Cancer Res. 2016;76(10):3014–3024. DOI: 10.1158/00085472.CAN-15-1605</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bhattacharya R., Xiang-Cang Ye, Rui Wang, Xia Ling, McManus M., Fan Fan, et al. Intracrine VEGF Signaling Mediates the Activity of Prosurvival Pathways in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Cancer Res. 2016;76(10):3014–3024. DOI: 10.1158/00085472.CAN-15-1605</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tran J., Rak J., Sheehan C., Saibil S.D., LaCasse E., Korneluk R.G. Marked induction of the IAP family antiapoptotic proteins survivin and XIAP by VEGF in vascular endothelial cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1999;264:781–788. DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.1589</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tran J., Rak J., Sheehan C., Saibil S.D., LaCasse E., Korneluk R.G. Marked induction of the IAP family antiapoptotic proteins survivin and XIAP by VEGF in vascular endothelial cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1999;264:781–788. DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.1589</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wey J.S., Fan F., Gray M.J., Bauer T.W., McCarty M.F., Somcio R. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 promotes migration and invasion in pancreatic carcinoma cell lines Cancer. 2005;104(2):427–438. DOI: 10.1002/cncr.21145</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wey J.S., Fan F., Gray M.J., Bauer T.W., McCarty M.F., Somcio R. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 promotes migration and invasion in pancreatic carcinoma cell lines Cancer. 2005;104(2):427–438. DOI: 10.1002/cncr.21145</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Owen L.A., Uehara H., Cahoon J. Morpholino-mediated increase in soluble Flt-1 expression results in decreased ocular and tumor neovascularization. PLoS One. 2012;7(3):e33576. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033576</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Owen L.A., Uehara H., Cahoon J. Morpholino-mediated increase in soluble Flt-1 expression results in decreased ocular and tumor neovascularization. PLoS One. 2012;7(3):e33576. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033576</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
