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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2022-1-15-21</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-1765</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Хирургическое лечение возрастной катаракты: вехи и проблемы. Обзор литературы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Surgical Treatment of Age-Related Cataracts: Milestones and Challenges. Literature Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бикбов</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bikbov</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бикбов Мухаррам Мухтарамович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор</p><p>ул. Пушкина, 90, Уфа, 450008</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bikbov Mukharram M., MD, Professor, director</p><p>Pushkin str., 90, Ufa, 450008</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исрафилова</surname><given-names>Г. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Isragilova</surname><given-names>G. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Исрафилова Гульнара Зуфаровна, врач-офтальмолог</p><p>ул. Пушкина, 90, Уфа, 450008</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Israfilova Gulnara Z., Ophthalmologist-surgeon</p><p>Pushkin str., 90, Ufa, 450008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Israfilova_gulnara@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гильманшин</surname><given-names>Т. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gilmanshin</surname><given-names>T. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гильманшин Тимур Риксович, кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий лабораторией патологии макулярной области</p><p>ул. Пушкина, 90, Уфа, 450008</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gil’manshin Timur R., PhD, Head of the Laboratory of Pathology of the Macular Region</p><p>Pushkin str., 90, Ufa, 450008</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУ «Уфимский научно-исследовательский институт глазных болезней Академии наук Республики Башкортостан»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ufa Eye Research Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>15</fpage><lpage>21</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бикбов М.М., Исрафилова Г.З., Гильманшин Т.Р., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бикбов М.М., Исрафилова Г.З., Гильманшин Т.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bikbov М.М., Isragilova G.Z., Gilmanshin T.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/1765">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/1765</self-uri><abstract><p>Катаракта (частичное или полное нарушение прозрачности хрусталика) является одной из основных причин слабовидения и обратимой слепоты в мире. Известным является тот факт, что в настоящее время единственным эффективным способом устранения помутнения хрусталика остается его удаление. Ежегодно в мире выполняется примерно 18 млн хирургических вмешательств, связанных с лечением катаракты. Данный обзор литературы посвящен исследованиям, рассматривающим важные аспекты хирургического лечения возрастной катаракты, такие как количество и качество выполненных операций в масштабах популяции. В работе приведены данные о влиянии глобальных тенденций, локальных территориальных и социальных особенностей на количество хирургических вмешательств по поводу катаракты. Проведен обзор ключевых показателей мониторинга хирургического лечения катаракты, приведены основные факторы, влияющие на целевые показатели частоты хирургии катаракты в региональном масштабе (возрастная структура населения, нормативные показания к хирургическому лечению, пороговые значения остроты зрения, указывающие на необходимость хирургического вмешательства, и доля лиц, нуждающихся в оперативном лечении катаракты). Изложены основные достижения и аспекты современной техники хирургического лечения катаракты, которые позволяют сократить время операции, использовать более щадящую технологию хирургии, существенно снизить количество осложнений и достичь наиболее высоких функциональных результатов. В данном обзоре также детально представлены результаты наиболее крупных эпидемиологических исследований, посвященных изучению причин низкой остроты зрения после хирургии катаракты. Отражены данные литературы о распространенности низкой остроты зрения в разных популяциях, выявлена более высокая ее распространенность в странах, в которых большинство оперированной катаракты являлось зрелой или осложненной, преобладала хирургическая техника больших разрезов и более продолжительное время операции. Отмечено, что низкое зрение после хирургии катаракты чаще всего ассоциировано с пожилым возрастом пациента, сопутствующей системной и глазной патологией, хирургическими осложнениями, неадекватной интраокулярной коррекцией.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Cataract (partial or complete violation of the transparency of the lens) is one of the main causes of low vision and reversible blindness in the world. It is a known fact that at present the only effective way to eliminate the clouding of the lens is its surgical treatment. About 18 million cataract-related surgical interventions are performed annually in the world. This literature review is devoted to studies examining important aspects of surgical treatment for age-related cataracts, such as the number and quality of operations performed on a population scale. The paper presents data on the impact of global trends, local territorial and social characteristics on the number of surgical interventions for cataracts. A review of key indicators of monitoring cataract surgery has been carried out, the main factors affecting the target indicators of the cataract surgery frequency on a regional scale (age structure of the population, normative indications for surgical treatment, threshold values for visual acuity indicating the need for surgical intervention, and the proportion of people in need in surgical treatment of cataracts). The main achievements and aspects of the modern technique of surgical treatment of cataracts are described, which can reduce the time of surgery, use more gentle surgery technology, significantly reduce the number of complications and achieve the highest functional results. This review also details the results of the largest epidemiological studies on the causes of low visual acuity after cataract surgery. Literature data on the prevalence of low visual acuity in different populations are reflected, its higher prevalence in countries where most of the operated cataracts were mature or complicated was revealed, the surgical technique of large incisions and a longer operation time prevailed. It was noted that low vision after cataract surgery is most often associated with the elderly patient, concomitant systemic and ocular pathology, surgical complications, inadequate intraocular correction.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>катаракта</kwd><kwd>эпидемиология</kwd><kwd>популяционные исследования</kwd><kwd>хирургия катаракты</kwd><kwd>факоэмульсификация</kwd><kwd>исходы и осложнения хирургии катаракты</kwd><kwd>ошибка рефракции</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cataract</kwd><kwd>epidemiology</kwd><kwd>population studies</kwd><kwd>cataract surgery</kwd><kwd>phacoemulsification</kwd><kwd>outcomes and complications of cataract surgery</kwd><kwd>refractive error</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brian G., Taylor H. Cataract blindness — challenges for the 21 century. 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