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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2022-1-63-70</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-1772</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные методы диагностики морфофункциональных особенностей сетчатки при дисбинокулярной и анизометропической амблиопии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern Methods for the Diagnosis of Morphological and Functional Features of the Retina in Dysbinocular and Anisometropic Amblyopia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8383-0127</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хубиева</surname><given-names>Р. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khubieva</surname><given-names>R. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хубиева Регина Расуловна, аспирантка отдела патологии рефракции бинокулярного зрения и офтальмоэргономики</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Khubieva Regina R., Postgraduate at the Department of Pathology of Binocular Vision Refraction and Ophthalmoergonomics</p><p>Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya str., 14/19, Moscow, 105062</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">reginahubieva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8864-4518</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тарутта</surname><given-names>Е. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarutta</surname><given-names>E. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тарутта Елена Петровна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, начальник отдела патологии рефракции бинокулярного зрения и офтальмоэргономики</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tarutta Elena P., MD, Professor, the Head of the Pathology of Binocular Vision Refraction and Ophthalmoergonomics Department</p><p>Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya str., 14/19, Moscow, 105062</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>63</fpage><lpage>70</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хубиева Р.Р., Тарутта Е.П., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хубиева Р.Р., Тарутта Е.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khubieva R.R., Tarutta E.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/1772">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/1772</self-uri><abstract><p>Охрана здоровья детей относится к приоритетным направлениям здравоохранения во всем мире. Аномалии рефракции, осложненные амблиопией и косоглазием, занимают одно из ведущих мест в патологии зрительной системы детского возраста. Согласно данным, полученным из 26 регионов России, лидирующее место в глазной патологии у детей и подростков занимают аметропии и косоглазие с амблиопией. На их долю приходится до 90 % всех случаев ухудшения зрения в детском возрасте. Под термином «амблиопия» принято понимать возникшее в раннем возрасте снижение максимально корригированной остроты зрения, причинами которого являются расстройства функций зрительного анализатора без изменений на глазном дне и органических поражений зрительных путей и центров. Несмотря на выдающиеся достижения медицины XXI века, в настоящее время остаются открытыми вопросы патофизиологической сущности этого состояния, что является объектом дискуссий детских офтальмологов во всем мире. В связи с этим в литературном обзоре представлены результаты отечественных и зарубежных авторов, которые исследовали морфологические (оптическая когерентная томография) и функциональные (электроретинография, микропериметрия) особенности сетчатки при дисбинокулярной и анизометропической амблиопии. Авторами было продемонстрировано наличие различий в толщине центральной области и слое нервных волокон у пациентов с амблиопией по сравнению с парными и здоровыми глазами, их корреляция с функциональными параметрами, а также изменения толщины сосудистой оболочки и микроциркуляторного русла сетчатки. В последнее время появились работы, посвященные исследованию светочувствительности сетчатки у пациентов с амблиопией и проведению зрительной реабилитации с использованием данного оборудования. Рядом авторов было показано, что при амблиопии параметры светочувствительности сетчатки в центральной области снижены и существует корреляционная связь этих показателей с морфологическими изменениями заднего полюса глаза. Использование микропериметрии также дает возможность проводить зрительную реабилитацию, в частности у пациентов детского возраста, опубликованы единичные результаты по использованию этого метода у пациентов с амблиопией. Данные литературы достаточно противоречивы, и еще предстоит провести дополнительные исследования для решения вопроса, являются ли эти изменения сетчатки первичными по отношению к данному заболеванию или могут быть результатом ретроградных изменений, обусловленных расфокусировкой зрительных образов с самого рождения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Child health is a global health priority. Anomalies of refraction, complicated by amblyopia and squint, occupy one of the leading places in the pathology of the visual system of children. According to data obtained from 26 regions of Russia, the leading place in the ocular morbidity of children and adolescents is occupied by ametropia and strabismus with amblyopia. They account for up to 90 % of all cases of visual impairment in childhood. The term amblyopia is understood to mean a decrease in the maximum corrected visual acuity that occurred at an early age, which is caused by disorders of the functions of the visual analyzer, without changes in the fundus and organic lesions of the visual pathways and centers. Despite the outstanding achievements of 21st century medicine, today the questions of the pathophysiological essence of this condition remain open, which is the subject of discussions among pediatric ophthalmologists around the world. In this regard, the literature review presents the results of domestic and foreign authors who studied the morphological (optical coherence tomography) and functional (electroretinography, microperimetry) features of the retina in dysbinocular and anisometropic amblyopia. Some authors have demonstrated the presence of differences in the thickness of the central region and the layer of nerve fibers in patients with amblyopia compared with paired and healthy eyes, their correlation with functional parameters, as well as changes in the thickness of the choroid and microvasculature of the retina. Recently, there have been works devoted to the study of the photosensitivity of the retina in patients with amblyopia and visual rehabilitation using this equipment. A number of authors have shown that with amblyopia, the retinal photosensitivity parameters in the central region are reduced, and there is a correlation between these changes and morphological changes in the posterior pole. The microperimeter also makes it possible to carry out visual rehabilitation, in particular in pediatric patients, and isolated results have been published on the use of this method in patients with amblyopia. The literature data are quite contradictory, and more research remains to be done to determine whether these changes in the retina are primary in relation to this disease, or whether they can be the result of retrograde changes that are obscured by defocusing of visual images from birth.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>амблиопия</kwd><kwd>оптическая когерентная томография</kwd><kwd>электроретинография</kwd><kwd>микропериметрия</kwd><kwd>светочувствительность сетчатки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>amblyopia</kwd><kwd>optical coherence tomography</kwd><kwd>electroretinography</kwd><kwd>microperimetry</kwd><kwd>retinal photosensitivity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кравченко И.А. Заболеваемость детей дошкольного возраста, по данным выборочного исследования. Детская больница. 2013;2:6–8. 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