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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2022-1-179-187</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-1788</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОФТАЛЬМОФАРМАКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHARMACOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нутрицевтики при возрастной макулярной дегенерации: оптимизация состава с прицелом на безопасность</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nutraceuticals for Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Formulation Optimization Focused on Safety</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5191-3385</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Педанова</surname><given-names>Е. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pedanova</surname><given-names>E. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Педанова Елена Константиновна, кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник</p><p>Бескудниковский бульвар, 59а, Москва, 127486</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pedanova Elena K., PhD, researcher</p><p>Beskudnikovskiy blvd, 59A, Moscow, 127486</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elenamntk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАУ НМИЦ «МНТК “Микрохирургия глаза” им. академика С.Н. Федорова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>179</fpage><lpage>187</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Педанова Е.К., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Педанова Е.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pedanova E.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/1788">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/1788</self-uri><abstract><p>Возрастная макулярная дегенерация является мультифакторным заболеванием, основным патогенетическим фактором развития и прогрессирования которого является оксидативный стресс. Крупные международные исследования доказали, что дополнительный прием высоких доз витаминов и микроэлементов, являющихся мощными антиоксидантами, часть которых не синтезируется в организме человека и может быть получен только с пищей в составе биологически активных добавок (БАД), снижают риск прогрессирования ВМД до поздней влажной формы на 25 %. Однако пациенты с ВМД, относящиеся к старшей возрастной группе, зачастую имеют коморбидные состояния, по поводу которых вынуждены длительно принимать соответствующую лекарственную и витаминотерапию, а также имеют недостаточность питания разной степени тяжести. Дополнительный прием высоких доз витаминно-минеральных комплексов офтальмологической направленности может приводить к нежелательным эффектам ввиду передозировки и к возможным нарушениям всасывания препаратов из-за сопутствующей патологии. В статье приведены результаты исследования AREDS 2 и ряда других клинических исследований, в которых изучали длительный прием витаминов и минералов в дозировках, сходных с формулой AREDS 1, содержащей витамин С (500 мг), витамин Е (400 международных единиц), бета-каротин (15 мг), цинк (80 мг в виде оксида цинка) и медь (2 мг в виде оксида меди). В приведенных работах показано, что длительный прием высоких дозировок некоторых витаминов у пожилых пациентов с тяжелыми сопутствующими заболеваниями и курением в анамнезе может приводить к нежелательным последствиям для организма и органа зрения. К возможным побочным эффектам относятся: увеличение риска развития глаукомы и катаракты, рака простаты у здоровых мужчин, повышение риска заболеваемости раком легкого у бывших курильщиков и увеличение риска кардиоваскулярных заболеваний у женщин в постменопаузе и с диабетом. Таким образом, высокие дозировки витаминов и микроэлементов в составе нутрицевтиков должны назначаться с большой осторожностью и может быть рассмотрено снижение дозировок до рекомендуемых норм потребления при переходе на длительный прием. Одной из возможностей повышения биодоступности активных веществ в составе БАД может быть система микрокапсулирования.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial disease, with oxidative stress as a main pathogenetic factor in the development and progression. Large clinical trials have shown that the additional intake of vitamins and minerals in high doses reduce the risk progression to advanced wet AMD by 25 %. Some of these powerful antioxidants are not synthesized in the human body and can only be obtained with food as part of dietary supplements. However, patients with AMD, belonging to the older age group, often have comorbid conditions, for which they are used to take appropriate drug and vitamin therapy for a long time, as well as they have malnutrition of varying severity. Additional intake of high doses of ophthalmic vitamin-mineral complexes can lead to side effects due to overdose and possible disorders of drug absorption due to concomitant pathology. The article presents the results of the AREDS 2 study and a number of other clinical trials that studied long-term intake of vitamins and minerals in dosages similar to the AREDS 1 formula, containing vitamin C (500 mg), vitamin E (400 international units), beta-carotene (15 mg), zinc (80 mg as zinc oxide) and copper (2 mg as copper oxide). The cited works show that long-term intake of high dosages of some vitamins in elderly patients with severe concomitant diseases and a history of smoking can lead to undesirable consequences for the eye and other body systems. Potential side effects include an increased risk of glaucoma and cataract, an increased risk of prostate cancer in healthy men, an increased risk of lung cancer in former smokers, and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women with diabetes. Thus, high dosages of vitamins and minerals in nutraceuticals should be administered with great caution, and a reduction in dosages to the recommended intake rates when switching to long-term intake may be considered. One of the possibilities for increasing the bioavailability of active substances in the composition of dietary supplements can be a microencapsulation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>возрастная макулярная дегенерация</kwd><kwd>нутрицевтики</kwd><kwd>AREDS формула</kwd><kwd>рекомендуемые нормы потребления</kwd><kwd>микрокапсулирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>age-related macular degeneration</kwd><kwd>nutraceuticals</kwd><kwd>AREDS formulation</kwd><kwd>recommended intake rates</kwd><kwd>microencapsulation</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Публикация произведена при поддержке компании ООО «Бауш Хелс». 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