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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2022-2-247-254</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-1839</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эволюция методов диагностики инфекционных и неинфекционных увеитов. Обзор литературы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Evolution of Diagnostic Methods for Infectious and Non-Infectious Uveitis. Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бойко</surname><given-names>Э. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boyko</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор Санкт-Петербургского филиала МНТК, </p><p>ул. Ярослава Гашека, 21, Санкт-Петербург, 192283;</p><p>ул. Кирочная, 41, Санкт-Петербург, 191015;</p><p>ул. Боткинская, 21/1, Санкт-Петербург, 194044</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Professor, head of St. Petersburg Branch of S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Botkinskaya str., 21/1, St Petersburg, 194044</p><p>Yaroslava Gasheka str., 21, Saint-Petersburg, 192283;</p><p>Kirochnaya str., 41, Saint-Petersburg, 191015;</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гвазава</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gvazava</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-офтальмолог,</p><p>ул. Ярослава Гашека, 21, Санкт-Петербург, 192283</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>ophthalmologist,</p><p>Yaroslava Gasheka str., 21, Saint-Petersburg, 192283</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gvazava-sochi@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панова</surname><given-names>И. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panova</surname><given-names>I. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заместитель директора по научной работе,</p><p>ул. Ярослава Гашека, 21, Санкт-Петербург, 192283</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>МD, Professor, deputy director for scientific research,</p><p>Yaroslava Gasheka str., 21, Saint-Petersburg, 192283</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский филиал ФГАУ НМИЦ «МНТК “Микрохирургия глаза” имени академика С.Н. Федорова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации;&#13;
ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И. И. Мечникова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации;&#13;
ФГБВОУ ВПО «Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова» Министерства обороны Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg Branch of S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution;&#13;
North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov;&#13;
S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский филиал ФГАУ НМИЦ «МНТК “Микрохирургия глаза” имени академика С.Н. Федорова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg Branch of S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>247</fpage><lpage>254</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бойко Э.В., Гвазава В.Г., Панова И.Е., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бойко Э.В., Гвазава В.Г., Панова И.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Boyko E.V., Gvazava V.G., Panova I.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/1839">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/1839</self-uri><abstract><p>Увеит — воспаление сосудистой оболочки глаза (радужки, цилиарного тела, хориоидеи), которое может распространяться на сетчатку, стекловидное тело и другие структуры глаза. На долю неинфекционных увеитов приходится от 31,5 до 82,9 % случаев. Распространенность инфекционных увеитов составляет от 13,0 до 54,7 %. Верификация этиологического диагноза увеита требует индивидуального подхода в каждом клиническом случае и основывается на тщательном анализе данных анамнеза пациента, наличии системных заболеваний, данных физикального обследования, которые дополняются различными лабораторными и инструментальными методами обследования. Однако, несмотря на широкое развитие современных диагностических возможностей, в 30–50 % случаев этиология увеита остается неизвестной после неинвазивных исследований, а лечение назначается эмпирически. На современном этапе изучения данной проблемы поиск патологического агента, который может играть как этиологическую роль в развитии инфекционного увеита, так и триггерную при неинфекционном процессе, по-прежнему остается актуальной задачей. Представлен обзор литературы по эволюции методов диагностики инфекционных и неинфекционных увеитов в соответствии с изменяющимися представлениями об этиологии и патогенезе заболевания, эпидемиологическими, географическими и социально-экономическими факторами, совершенствующимися хирургическими техниками. Обсуждаются патогенетические аспекты и роль инфекций в развитии неинфекционных увеитов. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Uveitis is an inflammation of the uvea (iris, ciliary body, choroid) that can spread to the retina, vitreous and other structures of the eye. Non-infectious uveitis accounts for 31.5 to 82.9 % of cases. The prevalence of infectious uveitis ranges from 13.0 to 54.7 %. Verification of the etiological diagnosis of uveitis requires an individual approach in each clinical case and is based on a thorough analysis of the patient’s medical history, the presence of systemic diseases, and physical examination data, which is supplemented by various laboratory and instrumental examination. However, despite the widespread development of modern diagnostic capabilities, the etiology of uveitis remains unknown in 30–50 % of cases after non-invasive studies, and the treatment is prescribed empirically. At the present stage of studying this issue, the search for a pathological agent, that can play both an etiological role in the development of infectious uveitis and a trigger role in the non-infectious process, is still an urgent task. The article presents a review of the literature on the evolution of methods for the diagnosis of infectious and non-infectious uveitis in accordance with changing ideas about the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease, epidemiological, geographical and socio-economic factors, improving surgical techniques. Pathogenetic aspects and the role of infections in the development of non-infectious uveitis are discussed. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>увеит</kwd><kwd>диагностика увеитов</kwd><kwd>этиология увеитов</kwd><kwd>инфекционные увеиты</kwd><kwd>неинфекционные увеиты</kwd><kwd>интервенционная диагностика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>uveitis</kwd><kwd>uveitis diagnosis</kwd><kwd>etiology of uveitis</kwd><kwd>infectious uveitis</kwd><kwd>non-infectious uveitis</kwd><kwd>interventional diagnostics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deschenes J., Murray P.I., Rao N.A. International uveitis study group (IUSG): clinical classification of uveitis. Ocular Immunology and Inflammation. 2008;16(1):1–2. DOI: 10.1080/09273940801899822</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deschenes J., Murray P.I., Rao N.A. 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