<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2014-3-20-27</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-184</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ И ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL &amp; EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Результаты диагностики и лечения больных с диабетической ретинопатией и возрастной макулярной дегенерацией при сахарном диабете 2 типа</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The results of diagnostic and treatment of patients with diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration at a diabetes type 2.</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воробьева</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vorobyova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">irina.docent2000@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михалева</surname><given-names>Л. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhaleva</surname><given-names>L. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кочергин</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kochergin</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кафедра офтальмологии ГБОУ ДПО РМА ПО Министерства здравоохранения России&#13;
&#13;
ГБУЗ ГКБ им. С. П. Боткина ф. № 1 ДЗМ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of ophthalmology RMAPO of the Ministry of health of Russia&#13;
&#13;
Сlinical hospital named after Botkin, Mamonovsky Lane</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кафедра офтальмологии ГБОУ ДПО РМА ПО Министерства здравоохранения России&#13;
&#13;
Офтальмологическое отделение ГБУЗ ГКБ № 67 им. Л. А . Ворохобова ДЗМ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of ophthalmology RMAPO of the Ministry of health of Russia&#13;
&#13;
Сlinical hospital № 67</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>10</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>20</fpage><lpage>27</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Воробьева И.В., Михалева Л.Г., Кочергин А.С., 2014</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Воробьева И.В., Михалева Л.Г., Кочергин А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vorobyova I.V., Mikhaleva L.G., Kochergin A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/184">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/184</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: Изучение клинико-функциональных и морфологических изменений сетчатки на фоне применения ингибитора ангиогенеза у больных сахарным диабетом (СД) 2 типа с сочетанной патологией глазного дна: диабетической ретинопатией (ДР) и возрастной макулярной дегенерацией (ВМД). </p></sec><sec><title>Пациенты и методы</title><p>Пациенты и методы. В основную группу исследования включено 22 пациента (22 глаза) с сочетанной патологией глазного дна — ДР и ВМД при СД 2 типа. У всех пациентов до и после интравитреального введения ингибитора ангиогенеза ранибизумаба (Луцентис, Новартис Фарма) оценивали остроту зрения, толщину и морфологию макулярной зоны по результатам ОКТ, световую чувствительность сетчатки по данным фундусмикропериметрии. В контрольную группу исследования вошло 30 человек (15 здоровых и 15 пациентов с СД 2 типа без ДР).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. При сравнении данных пациентов основной группы и группы контроля выявлено, что острота зрения в основной группе (0,27±0,05) достоверно ниже, чем в группе контроля (0,8±0,01, р&lt;0,05); толщина сетчатки — достоверно больше в основной группе, а световая чувствительность — достоверно ниже. На фоне интравитреального введения ингибитора ангиогенеза ранибизумаба у всех пациентов с ДР и ВМД произошло достоверное повышение остроты зрения в среднем на 37 % (от 0,27±0,05 до лечения до 0,37±0,05 после лечения). Уменьшение толщины сетчатки было статистически значимым в 9 зонах из 9, включая центральную ямку (fovea centralis), в среднем на 32,6 %, а повышение светочувствительности макулы — на 24 % (от 11,75±1,68 (дБ) до 14,58±1,68 (дБ), (р&lt;0,05)). орреляционные связи выявлены между остротой зрения и толщиной сетчатки, а также между остротой зрения и световой чувствительностью макулы до лечения — r = –0,26, р&lt;0,01 и r = 0,7, р&lt;0,01, соответственно, после лечения — r = –0,14, р&lt;0,01 и r = 0,64, р&lt;0,01, соответственно.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. У больных с сочетанной патологией глазного дна ДР и ВМД интравитреальное введение ингибитора ангиогенеза ранибизумаба на фоне СД 2 типа является патогенетически обоснованным и приводит к достоверному улучшению клинико-функциональных и морфологических показателей сетчатки.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose: Explore the changing clinical and functional and morphological changes of the retina against application of angiogenesis inhibitor in patients with diabetes type 2 with comorbidity fundus: diabetic retinopathy (DR) and agerelated macular degeneration (AMD).</p></sec><sec><title>Patients and Methods</title><p>Patients and Methods. In the main study group included 22 patients (22 eyes) with type 2 diabetes with combined fundus pathology DR and AMD. All patients before and after intravitreal injection of an angiogenesis inhibitor ranibizumab (Lucentis, Novartis) was assessed visual acuity, macular thickness and macular morphology based on the results of OCT, the retinal sensitivity according to the data of microperimetry (MAIA). The control group study included 30 people (15 healthy and 15 with type 2 diabetes without DR).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. When comparing the main group with the control group was revealed that visual acuity in the main group (0,27±0,05) was significantly lower than in the control group (0,8±0,01, p &lt;0.05); retinal thickness was significantly higher in the control group, and the retinal sensitivity was significantly lower. On the background of intravitreal injection of ranibizumab all patients with DR and AMD had significantly increase in visual acuity on average by 37 % (from 0,27±0,05 before treatment to 0,37±0,05 after treatment), a significantly reduction of macular thickness in 9 out of 9 areas, including the fovea centralis, an average of 32.6 % and increase retinal sensitivity by 24 % (from 11,75±1,68 (dB) to 14,58±1,68 (dB), (p &lt;0.05). The correlations were found between visual acuity and retinal thickness, as well as between visual acuity and retinal sensitivity of the macula, before treatment r = –0,26, p &lt;0.01 and r = 0,7 p &lt;0.01, respectively, after treatment with r = –0,14, p &lt;0.01 and r = 0,64, p &lt;0.01, respectively. </p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Intravitreal injection of angiogenesis inhibitor ranibizumab to patients with comorbidity fundus DR and AMD on a background of type 2 diabetes pathogenesis is justified and leads to a significant improvement in clinical and functional and morphological parameters of the retina.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>диабетическая ретинопатия</kwd><kwd>возрастная макулярная дегенерация</kwd><kwd>ранибизумаб</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diabetic retinopathy</kwd><kwd>age-related macular degeneration</kwd><kwd>ranibizumab</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bulletin WHO, 2013; 282.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bulletin WHO, 2013; 282.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bulletin WHO, 2013; 312.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bulletin WHO, 2013; 312.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shadrichev F. E., Astakhov Y. S., Grigoriev N. N. et al. [Epidemiological aspects of retinal lesions in diabetes (diabetic retinopathy screening results in St. Petersburg)]. Epidemiologicheskie aspekty porazheniya setchatki pri sakharnom diabete (rezul’taty skrininga diabeticheskoi retinopatii v Sankt-eterburge). Oftal’mol. Vedomosti. [Ophthalmology Gazette] 2009; II (4): 13‑18. (in Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shadrichev F. E., Astakhov Y. S., Grigoriev N. N. et al. [Epidemiological aspects of retinal lesions in diabetes (diabetic retinopathy screening results in St. Petersburg)]. Epidemiologicheskie aspekty porazheniya setchatki pri sakharnom diabete (rezul’taty skrininga diabeticheskoi retinopatii v Sankt-eterburge). Oftal’mol. Vedomosti. [Ophthalmology Gazette] 2009; II (4): 13‑18. (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maslov O. V., Suntcov Y. I. [Epidemiology of diabetes and microvascular complications]. Epidemiologiya sakharnogo diabeta i mikrososudistykh oslozhneniy Diabetes mellitus [Journal of Endocrinology], 2011; 3: 6‑11. (in Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maslov O. V., Suntcov Y. I. [Epidemiology of diabetes and microvascular complications]. Epidemiologiya sakharnogo diabeta i mikrososudistykh oslozhneniy Diabetes mellitus [Journal of Endocrinology], 2011; 3: 6‑11. (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klein R., Peto T., Bird A., Vannewkirk M. R. The epidemiology of age-related macular degeneration. American Journal of Ophthalmology 2004; 137 (3): 486‑495.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klein R., Peto T., Bird A., Vannewkirk M. R. The epidemiology of age-related macular degeneration. American Journal of Ophthalmology 2004; 137 (3): 486‑495.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klein R., Chou C. F., Klein B. E., Zhang X., Meuer S. M., Saaddine J. B. Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in the US population. Archives of Ophthalmology. 2011;129 (1): 75‑80.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klein R., Chou C. F., Klein B. E., Zhang X., Meuer S. M., Saaddine J. B. Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in the US population. Archives of Ophthalmology. 2011;129 (1): 75‑80.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rein D. B., Wittenborn J. S., Zhang X., Honeycutt A. A., Lesesne S. B., Saaddine J. Forecasting age-related macular degeneration through the year 2050: the potential impact of new treatments. Archives of Ophthalmology 2009; 127 (4): 533‑540.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rein D. B., Wittenborn J. S., Zhang X., Honeycutt A. A., Lesesne S. B., Saaddine J. Forecasting age-related macular degeneration through the year 2050: the potential impact of new treatments. Archives of Ophthalmology 2009; 127 (4): 533‑540.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moshetova L. K., Nesterov A. P., Egorov E. A. [Clinical references. Ophthalmology]. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii. Oftal’mologiya. 2d issue / М.: GEOTAR of «Media» 2009; 164‑189. (in Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moshetova L. K., Nesterov A. P., Egorov E. A. [Clinical references. Ophthalmology]. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii. Oftal’mologiya. 2d issue / М.: GEOTAR of «Media» 2009; 164‑189. (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hahn P., Acquah K., Cousins S. W., Lee P. P., Sloan F. A. Ten-Year incidence of agerelated macular degeneration according to diabetic retinopathy classification among medicare beneficiaries. Retina 2013 May; 33 (5):911‑919.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hahn P., Acquah K., Cousins S. W., Lee P. P., Sloan F. A. Ten-Year incidence of agerelated macular degeneration according to diabetic retinopathy classification among medicare beneficiaries. Retina 2013 May; 33 (5):911‑919.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miller J. W., Le Couter J., Strauss E. C., Ferrara N. Review Vascular endothelial growth factor in intraocular vascular disease. Ophthalmology. 2013 Jan; 120 (1):106‑114.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miller J. W., Le Couter J., Strauss E. C., Ferrara N. Review Vascular endothelial growth factor in intraocular vascular disease. Ophthalmology. 2013 Jan; 120 (1):106‑114.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bloomgarden Z. T. Review Screening for and managing diabetic retinopathy: current approaches. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2007 Sep 1; 64 (17 Suppl 12):S8–14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bloomgarden Z. T. Review Screening for and managing diabetic retinopathy: current approaches. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2007 Sep 1; 64 (17 Suppl 12):S8–14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morello C. M. Review Etiology and natural history of diabetic retinopathy: an overview. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2007 Sep 1; 64 (17 Suppl 12):S3–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morello C. M. Review Etiology and natural history of diabetic retinopathy: an overview. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2007 Sep 1; 64 (17 Suppl 12):S3–7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou J., Jang Y. P., Kim S. R., Sparrow J. R. Complement activation by photooxidation products of A2E, a lipofuscin constituent of the retinal pigment epithelium. Proceedings of the National academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2006; 103 (44): 16182‑16187.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhou J., Jang Y. P., Kim S. R., Sparrow J. R. Complement activation by photooxidation products of A2E, a lipofuscin constituent of the retinal pigment epithelium. Proceedings of the National academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2006; 103 (44): 16182‑16187.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Priyatham S. Mettu, Albert R. Wielgus, Sally S. Ong, Scott W. Cousins. Retinal pigment epithelium response to oxidant injury in the pathogenesis of early agerelated macular degeneration. Molecular Aspects of Medicine 2012; 33: 376‑398.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Priyatham S. Mettu, Albert R. Wielgus, Sally S. Ong, Scott W. Cousins. Retinal pigment epithelium response to oxidant injury in the pathogenesis of early agerelated macular degeneration. Molecular Aspects of Medicine 2012; 33: 376‑398.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Donoso L. A., Kim D., Frost A. et al. Review The role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. Surv Ophthalmol. 2006 Mar-Apr; 51 (2):137‑152.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Donoso L. A., Kim D., Frost A. et al. Review The role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. Surv Ophthalmol. 2006 Mar-Apr; 51 (2):137‑152.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nowak J. Z. Review Age-related macular degeneration (AMD): pathogenesis and therapy. Pharmacol Rep. 2006 May-Jun; 58 (3):353‑63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nowak J. Z. Review Age-related macular degeneration (AMD): pathogenesis and therapy. Pharmacol Rep. 2006 May-Jun; 58 (3):353‑63.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ferrara N., Gerber H. P., LeCouter J. Review The biology of VEGF and its receptors. Nat Med. 2003 Jun; 9 (6):669‑676.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ferrara N., Gerber H. P., LeCouter J. Review The biology of VEGF and its receptors. Nat Med. 2003 Jun; 9 (6):669‑676.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ferrara N., Damico L., Shams N., Lowman H., Kim R. Review Development of ranibizumab, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antigen binding fragment, as therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Retina 2006 Oct; 26 (8):859‑870.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ferrara N., Damico L., Shams N., Lowman H., Kim R. Review Development of ranibizumab, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antigen binding fragment, as therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Retina 2006 Oct; 26 (8):859‑870.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Papadopoulos N., Martin J., Ruan Q., Rafique A. et al. Binding and neutralization of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and related ligands by VEGF Trap, ranibizumab and bevacizumab. 2012 Jun; 15 (2):171‑185.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Papadopoulos N., Martin J., Ruan Q., Rafique A. et al. Binding and neutralization of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and related ligands by VEGF Trap, ranibizumab and bevacizumab. 2012 Jun; 15 (2):171‑185.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stewart M. W. Review Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drug treatment of diabetic macular edema: the evolution continues. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2012 Jul 1; 8 (4):237‑246.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stewart M. W. Review Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drug treatment of diabetic macular edema: the evolution continues. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2012 Jul 1; 8 (4):237‑246.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosenfeld P. J., Schwartz S. D., Blumenkranz M. S., Miller J. W., Haller J. A., Reimann J. D., Greene W. L., Shams N. Maximum tolerated dose of a humanized anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody fragment for treating neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology 2005 Jun; 112 (6):1048‑53.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosenfeld P. J., Schwartz S. D., Blumenkranz M. S., Miller J. W., Haller J. A., Reimann J. D., Greene W. L., Shams N. Maximum tolerated dose of a humanized anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody fragment for treating neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology 2005 Jun; 112 (6):1048‑53.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Al-Latayfeh M., Silva P. S., Sun J. K., and Aiello L. P. Antiangiogenic therapy for ischemic retinopathy. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. Jun 2012; 2 (6): 64‑74.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Al-Latayfeh M., Silva P. S., Sun J. K., and Aiello L. P. Antiangiogenic therapy for ischemic retinopathy. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. Jun 2012; 2 (6): 64‑74.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brown D. M., Michels M., Kaiser P. K. et al., ANCHOR Study Group. Ranibizumab versus verteporfin photodynamic therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: Two-year results of the ANCHOR study. Ophthalmology 2009 Jan; 116 (1):57‑65.e5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brown D. M., Michels M., Kaiser P. K. et al., ANCHOR Study Group. Ranibizumab versus verteporfin photodynamic therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: Two-year results of the ANCHOR study. Ophthalmology 2009 Jan; 116 (1):57‑65.e5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosenfeld P. J., Brown D. M., Heier J. S. et al., MARINA Study Group. Ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. N Engl J Med. 2006 Oct 5; 355 (14):1419‑31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosenfeld P. J., Brown D. M., Heier J. S. et al., MARINA Study Group. Ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. N Engl J Med. 2006 Oct 5; 355 (14):1419‑31.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Do D. V., Nguyen Q. D., Khwaja A. A. et al, READ-2 Study Group. Ranibizumab for edema of the macula in diabetes study: 3‑year outcomes and the need for prolonged frequent treatment. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2013 Feb; 131 (2):139‑145.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Do D. V., Nguyen Q. D., Khwaja A. A. et al, READ-2 Study Group. Ranibizumab for edema of the macula in diabetes study: 3‑year outcomes and the need for prolonged frequent treatment. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2013 Feb; 131 (2):139‑145.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elman M. J., Bressler N. M., Qin H., Beck R. W. et al., Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network. Expanded 2‑year follow-up of ranibizumab plus prompt or deferred laser or triamcinolone plus prompt laser for diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology 2011 Apr; 118 (4):609‑614.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elman M. J., Bressler N. M., Qin H., Beck R. W. et al., Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network. Expanded 2‑year follow-up of ranibizumab plus prompt or deferred laser or triamcinolone plus prompt laser for diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology 2011 Apr; 118 (4):609‑614.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elman M. J., Qin H., Aiello L. P. et al., Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network. Intravitreal ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema with prompt versus deferred laser treatment: three-year randomized trial results. Ophthalmology. 2012 Nov; 119 (11):2312‑2318.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elman M. J., Qin H., Aiello L. P. et al., Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network. Intravitreal ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema with prompt versus deferred laser treatment: three-year randomized trial results. Ophthalmology. 2012 Nov; 119 (11):2312‑2318.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Massin P., Bandello F., Garweg J. G., Hansen L. L. et al. Safety and efficacy of ranibizumab in diabetic macular edema (RESOLVE Study): a 12‑month, randomized, controlled, double-masked, multicenter phase II study. Diabetes Care. 2010 Nov; 33 (11):2399‑2405.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Massin P., Bandello F., Garweg J. G., Hansen L. L. et al. Safety and efficacy of ranibizumab in diabetic macular edema (RESOLVE Study): a 12‑month, randomized, controlled, double-masked, multicenter phase II study. Diabetes Care. 2010 Nov; 33 (11):2399‑2405.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mitchell P., Bandello F., Schmidt-Erfurth U., Lang G. E. et al., RESTORE study group. The RESTORE study: ranibizumab monotherapy or combined with laser versus laser monotherapy for diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology. 2011 Apr; 118 (4):615‑625.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mitchell P., Bandello F., Schmidt-Erfurth U., Lang G. E. et al., RESTORE study group. The RESTORE study: ranibizumab monotherapy or combined with laser versus laser monotherapy for diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology. 2011 Apr; 118 (4):615‑625.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nguyen Q. D., Shah S. M., Khwaja A. A. et al., READ-2 Study Group. Two-year outcomes of the ranibizumab for edema of the macula in diabetes (READ-2) study. Ophthalmology 2010 Nov; 117 (11):2146‑2151.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nguyen Q. D., Shah S. M., Khwaja A. A. et al., READ-2 Study Group. Two-year outcomes of the ranibizumab for edema of the macula in diabetes (READ-2) study. Ophthalmology 2010 Nov; 117 (11):2146‑2151.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nguyen Q. D., Brown D. M., Marcus D. M. et al., RISE and RIDE Research Group. Ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema: results from 2 phase III randomized trials: RISE and RIDE. Ophthalmology. 2012 Apr; 119 (4):789‑801.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nguyen Q. D., Brown D. M., Marcus D. M. et al., RISE and RIDE Research Group. Ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema: results from 2 phase III randomized trials: RISE and RIDE. Ophthalmology. 2012 Apr; 119 (4):789‑801.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
