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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2022-3-475-481</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-1909</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>История развития пупиллографии и возможности ее применения в современной офтальмологии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The History of Pupillography and Possibility of Its Using in Modern Ophthalmology</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саховская</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sakhovskaya</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры глазных болезней,</p><p>ул. Бакинская, 26, Москва, 115516</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate,</p><p>Bakinskaya str., 26, Moscow, 115516</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">natata-s-a@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фролов</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Frolov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой глазных болезней,</p><p>ул. Бакинская, 26, Москва, 115516</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Professor, head of the Eye diseases department,</p><p>Bakinskaya str., 26, Moscow, 115516</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казакова</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazakova</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, старший преподаватель кафедры глазных болезней,</p><p>ул. Бакинская, 26, Москва, 115516</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, assistant of the Eye diseases department,</p><p>Bakinskaya str., 26, Moscow, 115516</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колодкина</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolodkina</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры нормальной физиологии,</p><p>ул. Бакинская, 26, Москва, 115516</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate,</p><p>Bakinskaya str., 26, Moscow, 115516</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>RUDN University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>475</fpage><lpage>481</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Саховская Н.А., Фролов М.А., Казакова К.А., Колодкина М.Г., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Саховская Н.А., Фролов М.А., Казакова К.А., Колодкина М.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sakhovskaya N.A., Frolov M.A., Kazakova K.A., Kolodkina M.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/1909">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/1909</self-uri><abstract><p>Современная медицина располагает большими возможностями для детального изучения функционирования органов и систем, быстрой и точной диагностики нормы или патологии. Многие диагностические процедуры являются универсальными и используются врачами разных специальностей. Пупиллография представляет собой метод исследования зрачковых реакций, который основывается на регистрации изменения его величины при фото- или киносъемке. Данное исследование нашло широкое применение во многих областях медицины, таких как офтальмология, неврология, наркология, общая медицинская практика, для диагностики ряда патологических состояний. В настоящее время во всех областях медицины предпочтение отдается объективным методам диагностики. В нашей стране большое внимание уделяется разработке и внедрению в медицинскую практику новых технологий и малоинвазивных методов исследований, направленных на своевременную точную диагностику и эффективное лечение различных заболеваний органов и систем. Зрительный анализатор передает визуальную информацию к центру парасимпатического отдела вегетативной нервной системы, отвечающему за работу сфинктера зрачка и к центру симпатического отдела, отвечающему за работу дилататора. При патологии органа зрения происходит нарушение передачи информации, что является важным в фундаментальных исследованиях как для офтальмологии, так и для других специальностей. Наука и техника обеспечивают возможности для ультратонкой, специфической диагностики и мониторинга различных физиологических и патологических состояний органов и систем, а результаты учитываются во многих анализирующих программах новейших приборов. Важность исследования зрачковых реакций представляет большой интерес для многих областей медицины, а более специфические исследования позволяют повысить точность в постановке диагноза. В данной статье изложена история развития пупиллометрического и пупиллографического методов исследования начиная с середины XVIII века. Обсуждается значение исследования зрачковых рефлексов для оценки состояния зрительного анализатора, приводятся основные показатели пупилломоторной системы и их нормы, а также изложены возможности применения хроматической пупиллометрии. Пупиллометрия дает возможность точной количественной оценки изменений в размере зрачка для клинических и исследовательских целей.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Nowadays medicine has great opportunities for a detailed study of organs and systems, quick and accurate diagnosis of norm or pathology. Many diagnostic procedures are universal and are used by doctors of different specialties. Pupillography is a method of studying pupillary reactions, which is based on registering changes in its magnitude by photographing or filming. This study has found wide application in many areas of medicine, such as ophthalmology, neurology, narcology, general medical practice, for the diagnosis of different pathological conditions.</p><p>Currently, in all areas of medicine, preference is given to objective diagnostic methods. In our country, much attention is paid to the development and introduction into medical practice of new technologies and minimally invasive research methods which purpose is timely accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of various diseases. The visual analyzer transmits visual information to the center of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system, which is responsible for the work of the sphincter of the pupil and to the center of the sympathetic division, which is responsible for the work of the dilatator. In the pathology of the visual organ, there is a violation of the correctness of information transmission, which can be used for basic research not only in ophthalmology but also in other specialties. Science and technology provides opportunities for ultra-thin, specific diagnostics and monitoring of various physiological and pathological states of organs and systems, the results of which are taken into account in many analyzing programs of the latest devices. Therefore, the importance of studying pupillary reactions is of great interest for many areas of medicine, and more specific studies can improve the accuracy of the diagnosis. This article describes the history of the development of pupillometric and pupillographic methods of research from the middle of the XVIII century and till modern devices. The importance of the study of pupillary reflexes for assessing the state of the visual analyzer and the possibility of using chromatic pupillometry is discussed, the main indicators of the pupillomotor system and their norms are given. Pupillometry provides the ability to accurately quantify changes in pupil size for clinical and research purposes. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пупиллография</kwd><kwd>зрачок</kwd><kwd>зрительный нерв</kwd><kwd>ишемическая оптическая нейропатия</kwd><kwd>глаукома</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pupillography</kwd><kwd>pupil</kwd><kwd>optic nerve</kwd><kwd>ischemic optic neuropathy</kwd><kwd>glaucoma</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Либерман А.Е., Стрельцова Н.И. Некоторые особенности зрачкового компонента ориентировочной реакции у человека. 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