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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2014-3-94-103</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-196</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>В ПОМОЩЬ ПРАКТИКУЮЩЕМУ ВРАЧУ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GUIDELINES FOR THE PRACTITIONER</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Аллергический риноконъюнктивит</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (a tool to help clinicians)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Арефьева</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aref’eva</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бржеский</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Brzheskii</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вишняков</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vishnyakov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Емельянов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Emel’yanov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпищенко</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpishchenko</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Косяков</surname><given-names>С. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kosyakov</surname><given-names>S. Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лопатин</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lopatin</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Майчук</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maichuk</surname><given-names>D. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">maychuk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Накатис</surname><given-names>Я. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nakatis</surname><given-names>Ya. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-9"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Отвагин</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Otvagin</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-10"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пискунов</surname><given-names>Г. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Piskunov</surname><given-names>G. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поляков</surname><given-names>Д. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyakov</surname><given-names>D. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-11"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>Башкирский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-2"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-3"><institution>Московский государственный медицинский стоматологический университет</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-4"><institution>Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И. И . М ечникова</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-5"><institution>Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И. П. Павлова</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-6"><institution>Российская медицинская академия последипломного образования</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-7"><institution>Поликлиника № 1 УД Президента РФ</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-8"><institution>МНТ К «Микрохирургия глаза им. акад. С. Н . Федорова»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-9"><institution>Клиническая больница № 122 им. Соколова ФМБА России, Санкт-Петербург</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-10"><institution>ГБОУ ВПО Смоленская государственная медицинская академия</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-11"><institution>Научный центр здоровья детей РАМН</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>10</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>94</fpage><lpage>103</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Арефьева Н.А., Бржеский В.В., Вишняков В.В., Емельянов А.В., Карпищенко С.А., Косяков С.Я., Лопатин А.С., Майчук Д.Ю., Накатис Я.А., Отвагин И.В., Пискунов Г.З., Поляков Д.П., 2014</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Арефьева Н.А., Бржеский В.В., Вишняков В.В., Емельянов А.В., Карпищенко С.А., Косяков С.Я., Лопатин А.С., Майчук Д.Ю., Накатис Я.А., Отвагин И.В., Пискунов Г.З., Поляков Д.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Aref’eva N.A., Brzheskii V.V., Vishnyakov V.V., Emel’yanov A.V., Karpishchenko S.A., Kosyakov S.Y., Lopatin A.S., Maichuk D.Y., Nakatis Y.A., Otvagin I.V., Piskunov G.Z., Polyakov D.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/196">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/196</self-uri><abstract><p>Аллергический риноконъюнктивит (АРК) — хроническое заболевание, в основе которого лежит воспалительная IgE-опосредованная реакция, вызванная попаданием причинно-значимых аллергенов на слизистую оболочку полости носа и конъюнктиву. Благодаря фиксации аллерген-специфического IgE на его высокоаффинных Fcε рецепторах I типа (Fcε RI) в тучных клетках, слизистая оболочка носа и конъюнктива обладают универсальными механизмами, распознающими антигены. Данные, полученные при правильном сборе анамнеза и осмотре, позволяют в большинстве случаев установить диагноз, выявить причинные аллергены, определить тяжесть заболевания, и, следовательно, объем терапии. В последние годы появилась возможность определять аллерген-специфические IgE к большому числу (120) аллергенов в одной пробе крови (AллергоЧип). Существуют три основные метода консервативного лечения АРК: элиминация аллергенов, фармакотерапия и аллергенспецифическая иммунотерапия. Для лечения АРК применяют четыре основные группы лекарственных средств: антигистаминные, глюкокортикостероиды, стабилизаторы мембран тучных клеток и сосудосуживающие препараты (деконгестанты). В определенных ситуациях могут быть использованы М-холиноблокаторы, антилейкотриеновые препараты и иммуномодуляторы. Выбор метода фармакотерапии определяется эффективностью воздействия на отдельные симптомы и на течение заболевания в целом; риском развития побочных эффектов и осложнений; возрастными ограничениями к назначению конкретных препаратов детям; стоимостью курсов лечения. Лечение АРК должно быть ступенчатым и строиться в ависимостиот систематичности появления симптомов и тяжести заболевания.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis is a chronic inflammatory IgE-mediated reaction to relevant allergens encountering nasal mucosa and conjunctiva. Allergen-specific IgE binds to high-affinity Fcε receptors (Fcε RI) expressed by ocular and nasal mast cells. Therefore, nasal mucosa and conjunctiva have common mechanisms of antigen recognition. Detailed clinical history and examination provide correct diagnosis, relevant allergen identification, symptom severity assessment, and therapeutic algorithm. Recently, an assay for the measurement of specific IgE antibodies against numerous (120) allergens in human blood, ImmunoCAP, was developed. Conventional allergic rhinoconjunctivitis treatment includes allergen avoidance, pharmacotherapy, and allergen-specific immune therapy. Four major classes of drugs are used for the treatment, i.e., antihistamines, corticosteroids, mast cell stabilizers, and vasoconstrictor agents (or decongestants). Occasionally, muscarinic receptor antagonists, antileukotrienes, and immunemodulators are used. Therapeutic strategy is determined by the effect of a drug on certain symptoms and allergy clinical course, adverse reaction and complication risks, age limitations, and costs. Stepwise approach to the treatment of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis should be based onsymptom severity. Full-text clinical guidelines are available on the official website of Russian Rhinologic Society (http://www.rhinology.ru / index1. php?id_page = 3&amp;id_text2 = 43&amp;num_text2 = 1).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>риноконъюнктивит</kwd><kwd>аллергия</kwd><kwd>фармакотерапия</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">[Clinical references on diagnostics and treatment of an allergic rhinitis. A grant for doctors. Under the editorship of A. S. Lopatin]. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii po diagnostike i lecheniyu allergicheskogo rinita. Posobie dlya vrachei. Pod red. A. S. Lopatina. SPb, 2004. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">[Clinical references on diagnostics and treatment of an allergic rhinitis. A grant for doctors. 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