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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2022-4-789-796</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-1987</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ И ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL &amp; EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Изучение фенотипа эндотелиальных клеток в сосудах увеальной меланомы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Study of the Phenotype of Endothelial Cells in the Vessels of Uveal Melanoma</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3175-9592</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лихванцева</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Likhvantseva</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, кафедра офтальмологии</p><p>ул. Гамалеи, 15, Москва, 123098, Российская Федерация </p><p>Волоколамское шоссе, 91, Москва, 125310, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> MD, Professor, Department of ophthalmology </p><p> Gamalei str., 15, Moscow, 123098, Russian Federation </p><p> Volokolamskoe highway, 91, Moscow, 125371, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">likhvantseva-4@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анурова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Anurova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> кандидат медицинских наук, врач‑паталогоанатом патолого‑анатомического отделения № 3 (онкопатология)</p><p>ул. Академика Опарина, 4, Москва, 117997, Российская Федерация </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, pathologist of the Pathology department No. 3 (oncopathology)</p><p>Academician Oparina str., 4, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Астахова</surname><given-names>С. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Astakhova</surname><given-names>S. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, кафедра офтальмологии</p><p>Волоколамское шоссе, 91, Москва, 125310, Российская Федерация </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Department of ophthalmology</p><p>Volokolamskoe highway, 91, Moscow, 125371, Russian Federation </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Верещагина</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vereshchagina</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> кандидат медицинских наук, врач </p><p>Коптевский бульвар, 18, корп. 1, Москва, 125239, Российская Федерация </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, doctor</p><p>Koptevsky ave., 18/1, Moscow, 125239, Russian Federation </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ованесян</surname><given-names>В. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ovanesyan</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующий отделением офтальмологии</p><p>Жукова гора, 19, Егорьевск, Московская область, 140304, Российская Федерация </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>head of the Department of ophthalmology</p><p>Shchukova Mountain, 19, Yegoryevsk, Moscow Region, 140304, Russian Federation </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, руководитель лаборатории изучения механизмов ангиогенеза </p><p>Каширское шоссе, 23, Москва, 115478, Российская Федерация </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Professor, head of the Laboratory for the study of angiogenesis mechanisms</p><p>Kashirskoe highway, 23, Moscow, 115478, Russian Federation </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Государственный научный центр РФ — Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр имени А.И. Бурназяна» Федерального медико-биологического агентства;&#13;
Академия постдипломного образования ФГБУ «Федеральный научно‑клинический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий Федерального медико‑биологического агентства»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.I. Burnazyan Federal Biophysical Center of FMBA of Russia;&#13;
Academy of Postgraduate Education of the Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Medical Assistance and Medical Technologies of FMBA of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии им. академика В.И. Кулакова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Академия постдипломного образования ФГБУ «Федеральный научно‑клинический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий Федерального медико‑биологического агентства»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academy of Postgraduate Education of the Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Medical Assistance and Medical Technologies of FMBA of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУ «Детская городская поликлиника № 15» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы, Амбулаторно‑поликлинический центр</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Children’s City Polyclinic No. 15, Ambulatory аnd Polyclinic Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ МО «Егорьевская центральная районная больница»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yegoryev Central District Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно‑исследовательский институт экспериментальной диагностики и терапии опухолей ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Experimental Diagnosis and Therapy of Tumors</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>789</fpage><lpage>796</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лихванцева В.Г., Анурова О.А., Астахова С.Е., Верещагина М.В., Ованесян В.Э., Степанова Е.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лихванцева В.Г., Анурова О.А., Астахова С.Е., Верещагина М.В., Ованесян В.Э., Степанова Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Likhvantseva V.G., Anurova O.A., Astakhova S.E., Vereshchagina M.V., Ovanesyan V.E., Stepanova E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/1987">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/1987</self-uri><abstract><p>В опухолевом ангиогенезе официально признаны два основных механизма. Это образование сосудистых структур объединениями предшественников эндотелиальных клеток (ПЭК) или ангиобластов из циркулирующей периферической крови (1) и сосудистое кооптирование (2) с использованием предсуществующих сосудов. Определить доминирующий фенотип эндотелиальных клеток (ЭК), участвующих в неоангиогенезе увеальной меланомы (УМ), представляется очень важным из-за различной чувствительности разных ЭК к антиангиогенной терапии и их биологических различий. Циркулирующие гемангиобласты костномозгового происхождения (синоним: предшественники эндотелиальных клеток, ПЭК), участвующие в формировании сосудов в опухоли, могут также происходить от гемопоэтических стволовых клеток и в условиях избытка проангиогенных факторов роста подвергнуться «обратной дифференцировке» или «дедифференцировке». Такая ситуация чрезвычайно опасна из-за изменения биологических свойств ЭК: повышается скорость пролиферации и развивается высокая резистентность к любому виду интервенционной антиангиогенной терапии, включая антиангиогенные препараты таргетного назначения. В комплексе с высокой резистентностью к лучевой терапии и химиотерапии опухолевых клеток такая опухоль становится неуправляемой и быстро приводит к летальному исходу. Цель настоящего исследования: идентифицировать фенотип эндотелиальных клеток, участвующих в ангиогенезе УМ, методом иммуногистохимического анализа. Авторы провели иммуногистохимические исследования на парафиновых блоках (n = 98) энуклеированных глаз с УМ. Использовали один из рекомендуемых для этого маркеров ПЭК: моноклональное антитело к рецептору VEGFR2-KDR/Flk-1. Установлено, что экспрессия рецептора VEGFR-2/Flk-KDR-1 имела место только в 22,1 % УМ. Рецептор экспрессировался исключительно эндотелиальными клетками (ЭК) опухолевых сосудов и не экспрессировался клетками УМ. Отсутствовала базовая экспрессия рецептора (на стадии Т1). Пик экспрессии наблюдали на стадии T2. На следующих стадиях онкологического процесса имел место спад экспрессии. Средняя ИГХ-градация интенсивности экспрессии также снижалась от стадии Т2 к стадии Т4. Flk-позитивные и негативные эндотелиальные клетки различались размерами, формой, характером связи с сосудистой стенкой и присутствием или отсутствием ядра в клетке. Авторы пришли к заключению, что оба механизма ангиогенеза имеют место в УМ. Небольшой процент (22,1 %) Flk+ эндотелиальных клеток свидетельствует о том, что доминирующим механизмом ангиогенеза в УМ является кооптирование сосудов на основе предсуществующих, а доминирующей популяцией ЭК — Flk-негативные ЭК.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In tumor angiogenesis, two main mechanisms are officially recognized. They are: the formation of vascular structures by associations of endothelial cell precursors (PEK) or angioblasts from circulating peripheral blood (1) and vascular co-optation (2) using preexistent vessels. Determining the dominant phenotype of endothelial cells (EC) involved in the neoangiogenesis of uveal melanoma (UM) is very important due to the different sensitivity of different EC to antiangiogenic therapy and their biological differences. Circulating hemangioblasts of bone marrow origin (synonym: endothelial cell precursors, PEC) involved in the formation of vessels in the tumor can also originate from hematopoietic stem cells and, in conditions of an excess of proangiogenic growth factors, undergo “reverse differentiation” or “dedifferentiation”. This situation is extremely dangerous due to changes in the biological properties of EC: the rate of proliferation increases and high resistance to any type of interventional antiangiogenic therapy, including targeted antiangiogenic drugs, develops. In combination with high resistance to radiation therapy and chemotherapy of tumor cells, such a tumor becomes uncontrollable and quickly leads to death... The purpose of this study: to identify the phenotype of endothelial cells involved in UM angiogenesis by immunohistochemical analysis. The authors conducted immunohistochemical studies on paraffin blocks (n = 98) of enucleated eyes with UM. One of the recommended PEC markers was used: a monoclonal antibody to the VEGFR2-KDR/Flk-1 receptor. It was found that the expression of the VEGFR- 2/Flk-KDR-1 receptor took place only in 22.1 % of the UM. The receptor was expressed exclusively by endothelial cells (EC) of tumor vessels and was not expressed by UM cells. There was no basic expression of the receptor (at stage T1). Peak expression was observed at stage T2. At the next stages of the oncological process, there was a decline in expression. The mean IHC gradation of expression intensity also decreased from stage T2 to stage T4. Flk-positive and negative endothelial cells differed in size, shape, nature of communication with the vascular wall and the presence or absence of a nucleus in the cell. The authors concluded that both mechanisms of angiogenesis take place in UM. A small percentage (22.1 %) Flk+endothelial cells indicate that the dominant mechanism of angiogenesis in UM is co-optation of vessels based on preexistent, and the dominant population of EC is Flk-negative EC.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>увеальная меланома</kwd><kwd>ангиогенез</kwd><kwd>рецептор VEGFR-2/Flk-KDR-1</kwd><kwd>иммуногистохимический анализ</kwd><kwd>прогноз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>uveal melanoma</kwd><kwd>angiogenesis</kwd><kwd>receptor VEGF-R1/Flk-1</kwd><kwd>immunohystochemical analysis</kwd><kwd>prognosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Свирин А.В., Кийко Ю.И., Обруч Б.В., Богомолов А.В. Спектральная оптическая когерентная томография: принципы и возможности метода. РМЖ. 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