ophthalmologyОфтальмологияOphthalmology in Russia1816-50952500-0845Ophthalmology10.18008/1816-5095-2023-1-41-52ophthalmology-2040Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSПредсказуемость рефракционного эффекта при выполнении лазерной коррекции зрения. Определяющие факторы. Обзор литературыPredictability of the Refractive Effect after Laser Correction. Determining Factors. Reviewhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7714-6196ЭскинаЭ. Н.EskinaE. N.

Эскина Эрика Наумовна - доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры офтальмологии; руководитель 

 Волоколамское шоссе, 91, Москва, 125371, Российская Федерация 

 ул. Старокачаловская, 10, Москва, 117628, Российская Федерация 

Eskina Erika N. - MD, Professor, head

Volokolamskoye highway, 91, Moscow, 125371, Russian Federation

Starokachalovskaya str., 6, Moscow, 117628, Russian Federation 

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4434-7404БелогуроваА. В.BelogurovaA. V.

Белогурова Алена Вячеславовна - врач‑офтальмолог, главный врач

ул. Старокачаловская, 6, Москва, 117628, Российская Федерация

Belogurova Alena V. - ophthalmologist, chief doctor

Starokachalovskaya str., 6 Moscow, 117628, Russian Federation 

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2780-4792ПаршинаВ. А.ParshinaV. A.

Паршина Виктория Анатольевна - врач‑офтальмолог, зав. отделением рефракционной хирургии,  рефракционный хирург

ул. Старокачаловская, 6, Москва, 117628, Российская Федерация

Parshina Victoria A. - ophthalmologist, head of Department of refractive surgery, refractive surgeon

Starokachalovskaya str., 6 Moscow, 117628, Russian Federation 

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2463-3403МовсесянМ. Х.MovsesianM. Kh.

Мовсесян Марина Хажаковна - врач‑офтальмолог, рефракционный хирург

ул. Старокачаловская, 6, Москва, 117628, Российская Федерация

Movsesian Marina Kh. - ophthalmologist, refractive surgeon

Starokachalovskaya str., 6, Moscow, 117628, Russian Federation  

marina.movsesyan@sfe.ruАкадемия постдипломного образования ФГБУ «Федеральный научно-клинический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий Федерального медико-биологического агентства»; Офтальмологическая клиника «Сфера»РоссияAcademy of Postgraduate Education of Federal Medical‑Biological Agency; Ophthalmological Clinic “Sphere” of Professor EskinaRussian FederationОфтальмологическая клиника «Сфера»РоссияOphthalmological Clinic “Sphere” of Professor EskinaRussian Federation2023030420232014152Copyright © Эскина Э.Н., Белогурова А.В., Паршина В.А., Мовсесян М.Х., 20232023Эскина Э.Н., Белогурова А.В., Паршина В.А., Мовсесян М.Х.Eskina E.N., Belogurova A.V., Parshina V.A., Movsesian M.K.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/2040

В настоящее время рефракционная хирургия с использованием современных лазерных систем для коррекции различных видов аметропии является одной из наиболее широко распространенных и выполняемых во всем мире операций. Большое значение имеет получение рефракционных результатов, сопоставимых с ожидаемыми как для пациента, так и для самого хирурга. Однако в ряде случаев может иметь место отклонение рефракционного результата от запланированного, а в отдаленном периоде после операции выявляется регресс рефракционного эффекта, что в конечном счете может привести к неудовлетворенности пациента. Для того чтобы избежать подобных ситуаций, необходимо четкое понимание факторов риска, которые могут привести к данным явлениям, и соответственно их учет при планировании оперативного вмешательства. В настоящее время факторы риска регресса и факторы, которые могут повлиять на отклонение рефракционного результата, разделяются на 2 группы и активно изучаются как отечественными, так и зарубежными исследователями. Учитывая актуальность проблемы точного планирования и достижения стабильных рефракционных результатов, в последнее время активно разрабатываются и внедряются различные номограммы. Цель номограмм — компенсировать влияние различных факторов с помощью введения корректировок, которые могут быть применены на этапе планирования операции. Номограммы считаются надежными и эффективными инструментами повышения предсказуемости рефракционной хирургии, но большей частью являются результатом работы рефракционного хирурга. Цель обзора — анализ данных мировой литературы для выяснения факторов риска регресса и факторов, влияющих на отклонение рефракционного результата от запланированного, а также анализ уже имеющихся номограмм, разработанных для улучшения планирования и прогнозирования результатов лазерных рефракционных операций.

Currently, refractive surgery using modern laser systems for the correction of various types of ametropia is one of the most widespread and performed operations worldwide. It is important to obtain refractive results comparable to those expected, both for the patient and for the surgeon himself. However, in some cases, there may be a deviation of the refractive result from the planned one, and in the late period after the operation, a regression of the refractive effect is detected, which, ultimately, may cause patient dissatisfaction. In order to avoid these situations, it is necessary to have a clear understanding of the risk factors that can lead to these phenomena, and, accordingly, take them into account during planning a surgical intervention.Currently, risk factors for regression and factors that can affect the deviation of the refractive result are divided into 2 groups and are actively studied by both Russian and foreign researchers.Given the relevance of the problem of accurate planning and achieving stable refractive results, various nomograms have been actively developed and implemented recently. The purpose of nomograms is to compensate the influence of various factors by introducing adjustments that can be applied at the planning of the operation. Nomograms are considered reliable and effective tools to increase the predictability of refractive surgery, but, for the most part, are the result of the work of a refractive surgeon. The purpose of this review is to analyze the world literature to determine the risk factors for regression and factors affecting the deviation of the refractive result from the planned one, as well as to analyze the existing nomograms designed to improve the planning and prediction of the results of laser refractive surgery.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.