<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2023-1-151-156</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-2055</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ И ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL &amp; EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Психологический домен пожилых пациентов с диабетической ретинопатией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Psychological Domain of Elderly Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8991-0910</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фабрикантов</surname><given-names>О. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fabikantov</surname><given-names>O. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фабрикантов Олег Львович - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор</p><p> Рассказовское шоссе, 1, Тамбов, 392000, Российская Федерация </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Fabikantov Oleg L. - MD, director of the branch </p><p> Rasskazovskoe highway, 1, Tambov, 392000, Russian Federation </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6793-7362</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лев</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lev</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лев Инна Валерьевна - кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая первым хирургическим отделением</p><p> Рассказовское шоссе, 1, Тамбов, 392000, Российская Федерация </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lev Inna V. - PhD, ophthalmologist, head of the I Ophthalmological department </p><p>Rasskazovskoe highway, 1, Tambov, 392000, Russian Federation </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4821-3692</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агарков</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Agarkov</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Агарков Николай Михайлович - доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры биомедицинской  инженерии </p><p>ул. 50 лет Октября, 94, Курск, 305040, Российская Федерацияул. Победы, 85, Белгород, 308015, Российская Федерация </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Agarkov Nikolay M. - MD, professor of the Department of biomedical  engineering, senior researcher of the laboratory “Problems of Aging”</p><p>50 years of October str., 94, Kursk, 305040, Russian Federation</p><p>Pobedy str., 85, Belgorod, 308015, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vitalaxen@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николашин</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolashin</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Николашин Сергей Иванович - кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий научным отделомhttps://orcid.org/0000‑0004‑6534‑7367 </p><p> Рассказовское шоссе, 1, Тамбов, 392000, Российская Федерация </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolashin Sergey I. - PhD, head of scientific department</p><p>Rasskazovskoe highway, 1, Tambov, 392000, Russian Federation</p><p>https://orcid.org/0000‑0004‑6534‑7367 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Титов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Titov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Титов Антон Андреевич - стипендиат Президента Российской Федерации факультета фундаментальнойи прикладной информатикиhttps://orcid.org/0000‑0004‑6439‑1387 </p><p>ул. 50 лет Октября, 94, Курск, 305040, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Titov Anton A. - scholar of the Russian Federation President, Faculty of fundamental and applied informatics</p><p>50 years of October str., 94, Kursk, 305040, Russian Federation</p><p>https://orcid.org/0000‑0004‑6439‑1387 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тамбовский филиал ФГАУ НМИЦ «МНТК “Микрохирургия глаза” имени академика С.Н. Федорова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tambov branch of S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Юго-Западный государственный университет»;&#13;
ФГАОУ ВО «Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>South‑Western State University;&#13;
Belgorod State National Research University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Юго-Западный государственный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>South‑Western State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>151</fpage><lpage>156</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Фабрикантов О.Л., Лев И.В., Агарков Н.М., Николашин С.И., Титов А.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фабрикантов О.Л., Лев И.В., Агарков Н.М., Николашин С.И., Титов А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fabikantov O.L., Lev I.V., Agarkov N.M., Nikolashin S.I., Titov A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/2055">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/2055</self-uri><abstract><p>Продолжающееся увеличение распространенности диабетической ретинопатии среди различных слоев населения и особенно в старшем возрасте сочетается с изменением психологического состояния таких пациентов. Однако изучение целостного психологического (когнитивно-депрессивного) домена у пожилых пациентов с различной стадией диабетической ретинопатии, сопоставимого по сердечно-сосудистой патологии, являющейся самостоятельным фактором риска как диабетической ретинопатии, так и когнитивных нарушений, депрессии, не проводилось.</p><p>Цель исследования — анализ психологического домена у пациентов 60–74 лет, страдающих диабетической ретинопатией, стандартизированных по сопутствующей сердечно-сосудистой патологии. Были изучены когнитивные нарушения и депрессия у 68 больных с непролиферативной, 62 — с препролиферативной и 70 пожилых пациентов — с пролиферативной стадией по шкале Mini-Mental-State-Examination и Center for Epidemiologic Studies — Depression. Диагноз диабетической ретинопатии устанавливали по результатам комплексного офтальмологического обследования. Контролем служили 59 пациентов с отсутствием диабетической ретинопатии. У пациентов с непролиферативной стадией выявлены легкие (21,5 ± 0,3 балла), а с препролиферативной (17,9 ± 0,4 балла) и пролиферативной стадией (16,2 ± 0,3 балла) — умеренные когнитивные нарушения. Уровень депрессии при непролиферативной стадии составил 22,4 ± 0,4, при препролиферативной — 24,8 ± 0,3 и при пролиферативной — 26,9 ± 0,5 балла против 19,2 ± 0,3 в контроле с достоверным отличием во всех случаях. Величина относительного риска для разных стадий диабетической ретинопатии составила 1,337, 2,408 и 2,796 соответственно. Выявленное ухудшение когнитивно-депрессивного домена у пожилых пациентов с диабетической ретинопатией важно для улучшения комплаентности, эффективности лечения диабетической ретинопатии и психологического континуума.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The continuing increase in the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among various segments of the population and, especially in older age, combined with a change in the psychological state of such patients. However, the study of the holistic psychological (cognitivedepressive) domain in elderly patients with various stages of diabetic retinopathy, comparable in cardiovascular pathology, which is an independent risk factor for both diabetic retinopathy and cognitive impairment, depression not carried out.</p><p>Purpose: to assess the psychological domain in patients 60–74 years old suffering from diabetic retinopathy standardized for concomitant cardiovascular pathology. In the Tambov branch of the Tambov branch of S.N. Fedorov NMRC “MNTK “Eye Microsurgery” in 2019–2020, cognitive impairment and depression were studied in 68 patients with non-proliferative, 62 patients with preproliferative and 70 elderly patients with proliferative stage on the Mini-Mental-State-Examination and Center for Epidemiologic Studies — Depression scale, respectively. The diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy established based on the results of a comprehensive ophthalmological examination. The control consisted of 59 patients with the absence of diabetic retinopathy. Patients with non-proliferative stage had mild (21.5 ± 0.3 points), and with preproliferative (17.9 ± 0.4 points) and proliferative stage (16.2 ± 0.3 points) moderate cognitive impairment. The association of cognitive impairment found with preproliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The level of depression in the non–proliferative stage was 22.4 ± 0.4 points, in the preproliferative stage — 24.8 ± 0.3 points and in the proliferative stage — 26.9 ± 0.5 points versus 19.2 ± 0.3 points in the control with a significant difference in all cases. The values of the relative risk of diabetic retinopathy stages were 1,337, 2,408 and 2,796, respectively. The revealed deterioration of the cognitive-depressive domain in elderly patients with diabetic retinopathy is important for improving compliance, the effectiveness of treatment of diabetic retinopathy and the psychological continuum.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>диабетическая ретинопатия</kwd><kwd>когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>депрессия</kwd><kwd>пожилые</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diabetic retinopathy</kwd><kwd>cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>depression</kwd><kwd>elderly</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saeedi P., Petersohn I., Salpea P. Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019;157:107843. DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107843</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saeedi P., Petersohn I., Salpea P. Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019;157:107843. DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107843</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ting D.S., Cheung C.Y., Nguyen Q. Deep learning in estimating prevalence and systemic risk factors for diabetic retinopathy: a multi ethnic study. NPJ Digit Med. 2019;2:24. DOI: 10.1038/s41746-019-0097-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ting D.S., Cheung C.Y., Nguyen Q. Deep learning in estimating prevalence and systemic risk factors for diabetic retinopathy: a multi ethnic study. NPJ Digit Med. 2019;2:24. DOI: 10.1038/s41746-019-0097-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garoma D., Merga H., Hiko D. Determinants of diabetic retinopathy in Southwest Ethiopia: a facility based case control study. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):503. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08652-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garoma D., Merga H., Hiko D. Determinants of diabetic retinopathy in Southwest Ethiopia: a facility based case control study. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):503. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08652-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Агарков Н.М., Гурко Т.С., Лев И.В., Щекатуров А.А., Шабалин А.А. Изменение системы комплемента крови в развитии диабетической ретинопатии в пожилом возрасте. Научные результаты биомедицинских исследований. 2021;7(2):173–180. DOI: 10.18413/2658-6533-2021-7-2-0-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agarkov N.M., Gurko T.S., Lev I.V., Shchekaturov A.A., Shabalin A.A. Changes in the blood complement system in the development of diabetic retinopathy in old age. Scientific results of biomedical research. Scientific results of biomedical research = Nauchnye rezul’taty biomedicinskih issledovaniy. 2021;7(2):173–180 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.18413/2658-6533-2021-7-2-0-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wolniewicz M., Proczka A., Trzcinski A. Diabetic retinopathy — risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. MED tube Science. 2017;5(1):26–29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wolniewicz M., Proczka A., Trzcinski A. Diabetic retinopathy — risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. MED tube Science. 2017;5(1):26–29.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Flaxman S.R., Bourne R.A., Resnikoff S. Global causes of blindness and distance vision impairment 1990 2020: a systematic review and meta analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2017;5(12):e1221–e1234. DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30393-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Flaxman S.R., Bourne R.A., Resnikoff S. Global causes of blindness and distance vision impairment 1990 2020: a systematic review and meta analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2017;5(12):e1221–e1234. DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30393-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burton M.J., Ramke J., Marques A.P. The Lancet Global Health Commission on Global Eye Health: vision beyond 2020. Lancet Glob Health. 2021;9(4):e489–e551. DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30488-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burton M.J., Ramke J., Marques A.P. The Lancet Global Health Commission on Global Eye Health: vision beyond 2020. Lancet Glob Health. 2021;9(4):e489–e551. DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30488-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen X., Lu L. Depression in Diabetic Retinopathy: A Review and Recommendation for Psychiatric Management. Psychosomatics. 2016;57(5):465–471. DOI: 10.1016/j.psym.2016.04.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen X., Lu L. Depression in Diabetic Retinopathy: A Review and Recommendation for Psychiatric Management. Psychosomatics. 2016;57(5):465–471. DOI: 10.1016/j.psym.2016.04.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Folstein M.F., Folstein S.E., McHugh P.R. «Mini mental state». A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinical. J Psychiatric Research. 1975;12(3):189–198. DOI: 10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Folstein M.F., Folstein S.E., McHugh P.R. «Mini mental state». A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinical. J Psychiatric Research. 1975;12(3):189–198. DOI: 10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Андрющенко А.В., Дробижев М.Ю., Добровольский А.В. Сравнительная оценка шкал CES D, BDI и HADS(D) в диагностике депрессий в общемедицинской практике. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2003;5:11–18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andryushchenko A.V., Drobizhev M.Yu., Dobrovolsky A.V. Comparative assessment of the CES D, BDI and HADS(D) scales in the diagnosis of depression in general medical practice. Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry named after S.S. Korsakov = Zhurnal nevrologii i psihiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2003;5:11–18 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kohner E.M., Porta M. Diabetic retinopathy: preventing blindness in the 1990’s. Diabetologia. 1991;34(11):844–845. DOI: 10.1007/BF00408363</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kohner E.M., Porta M. Diabetic retinopathy: preventing blindness in the 1990’s. Diabetologia. 1991;34(11):844–845. DOI: 10.1007/BF00408363</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Айвазян С.А., Мхитарян В.С. Прикладная статистика, основы эконометрии. М.: ЮНИТИ, 2001. 641 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ayvazyan S.A., Mkhitaryan V.S. Applied statistics, fundamentals of econometrics. Moscow: UNITY, 2001. 641 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Crosby-Nwaobi R.R., Sivaprasad S., Amiel S. The relationship between diabetic retinopathy and cognitive impairment. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(10):3177–3186. DOI: 10.2337/dc12-2141</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Crosby-Nwaobi R.R., Sivaprasad S., Amiel S. The relationship between diabetic retinopathy and cognitive impairment. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(10):3177–3186. DOI:</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ding J., Strachan M.W., Reynolds R.M. Diabetic retinopathy and cognitive decline in older people with type 2 diabetes: the Edinburgh Type 2 Diabetes Study. Diabetes. 2010;59(11):2883–2889. DOI: 10.2337/db10-0752</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">2337/dc12-2141</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lu X., Gong W., Wen Z. Correlation Between Diabetic Cognitive Impairment and Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients With T2DM by 1H-MRS. Front Neurol. 2019;10:1068. DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01068</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ding J., Strachan M.W., Reynolds R.M. Diabetic retinopathy and cognitive decline in older people with type 2 diabetes: the Edinburgh Type 2 Diabetes Study. Diabetes. 2010;59(11):2883–2889. DOI: 10.2337/db10-0752</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Exalto L.G., Biessels G.J., Karter A.J. Severe diabetic retinal disease and dementia risk in type 2 diabetes. J Alzheimers Dis. 2014;4:109–117. DOI: 10.3233/JAD-132570</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lu X., Gong W., Wen Z. Correlation Between Diabetic Cognitive Impairment and Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients With T2DM by 1H-MRS. Front Neurol. 2019;10:1068. DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01068</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Crosby-Nwaobi, Sivaprasad S., Amiel S., Forbes A. The relationship between diabetic retinopathy and cognitive impairment. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(10):3177–3186. DOI: 10.2337/dc12-2141.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Exalto L.G., Biessels G.J., Karter A.J. Severe diabetic retinal disease and dementia risk in type 2 diabetes. J Alzheimers Dis. 2014;4:109–117. DOI: 10.3233/JAD-132570</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tongjia B. Evaluation of the Brain Damage in Patients with Diabetic Retinopathty Using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Diffusion Weighted Imaging. Shandong: Shandong University. 2014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Crosby-Nwaobi, Sivaprasad S., Amiel S., Forbes A. The relationship between diabetic retinopathy and cognitive impairment. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(10):3177–3186. DOI: 10.2337/dc12-2141.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Woerdeman J., Duinkerken E., Wattjes M.P. Proliferative retinopathy in type 1 diabetes is associated with cerebral microbleeds, which is part of generalized microangiopathy. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(4):1165–1168. DOI: 10.2337/dc13-1586</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tongjia B. Evaluation of the Brain Damage in Patients with Diabetic Retinopathty Using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Diffusion Weighted Imaging. Shandong: Shandong University. 2014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stehouwer C.D. Microvascular Dysfunction and Hyperglycemia: A Vicious Cycle With Widespread Consequences. Diabetes. 2018;67(9):1729–1741. DOI: 10.2337/dbi17-0044</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Woerdeman J., Duinkerken E., Wattjes M.P. Proliferative retinopathy in type 1 diabetes is associated with cerebral microbleeds, which is part of generalized microangiopathy. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(4):1165–1168. DOI: 10.2337/dc13-1586</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sloten T.T., Sedaghat S., Carnethon M.R. Cerebral microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes: stroke, cognitive dysfunction, and depression. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020;8(4):325–336. DOI: 10.1016/S2213 8587(19)30405-X</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stehouwer C.D. Microvascular Dysfunction and Hyperglycemia: A Vicious Cycle With Widespread Consequences. Diabetes. 2018;67(9):1729–1741. DOI: 10.2337/dbi17-0044</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Syu J.T., Chang J.B., Chu N.F. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in relation to atherosclerotic lipid profiles in middle aged and elderly diabetic patients. Lipids Health Dis. 2011;10:228. DOI: 10.1186/1476-511X-10-228</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sloten T.T., Sedaghat S., Carnethon M.R. Cerebral microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes: stroke, cognitive dysfunction, and depression. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020;8(4):325–336. DOI: 10.1016/S2213 8587(19)30405-X</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Syu J.T., Chang J.B., Chu N.F. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in relation to atherosclerotic lipid profiles in middle aged and elderly diabetic patients. Lipids Health Dis. 2011;10:228. DOI: 10.1186/1476-511X-10-228</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Syu J.T., Chang J.B., Chu N.F. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in relation to atherosclerotic lipid profiles in middle aged and elderly diabetic patients. Lipids Health Dis. 2011;10:228. DOI: 10.1186/1476-511X-10-228</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
