ophthalmologyОфтальмологияOphthalmology in Russia1816-50952500-0845Ophthalmology10.18008/1816-5095-2023-2-266-275ophthalmology-2106Research ArticleКЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ И ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯCLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHИзменения порогов электрически вызванного фосфена и электрической лабильности зрительного нерва у экипажа наземной станции в международном эксперименте SIRIUS 20/21Changes in Thresholds of Electrically Evoked Phosphene and Electrical Lability of the Optic Nerve in the Ground Station Crew in the International Experiment SIRIUS 20/21https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8480-0894НероевВ. В.NeroevV. V.

Нероев Владимир Владимирович - академик РАН, профессор, директор

ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, 14/19, Москва, 105062, Российская Федерация

Neroev Vladimir V. - MD, Professor, Academician, director

Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya str., 14/19, Moscow, 105062, Russian Federation

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0161-5010ЗуеваМ. В.ZuevaM. V.

Зуева Марина Владимировна - доктор биологических наук, профессор, начальник отдела клинической физиологии зрения им. С.В. Кравкова

ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, 14/19, Москва, 105062, Российская Федерация

Zueva Marina V. - MD (Biol.), Professor, head of S.V. Kravkov Department of clinical physiology of vision

Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya str., 14/19, Moscow, 105062, Russian Federation

visionlab@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4675-9648КотелинВ. И.KotelinV. I.

Котелин Владислав Игоревич - аспирант отдела глаукомы

ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, 14/19, Москва, 105062, Российская Федерация

Kotelin Vladislav I. - PhD, researcher, S.V. Kravkov Department of clinical physiology of vision

Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya str., 14/19, Moscow, 105062, Russian Federation

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0048-0425МанькоО. М.MankoO. M.

Манько Ольга Михайловна - доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, руководитель лаборатории «Физиология и психофизиология зрительной системы»

Хорошевское шоссе, 76а, Москва, 123007, Российская Федерация

Manko Olga M. MD, leading researcher, head of the Laboratory “Physiology and Psychophysiology of the Visual System”

Khoroshevskoe highway, 76A, Moscow, 123007, Russian Federation

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0636-1734ЕгороваИ. В.EgorovaI. V.

Егорова Ирина Викторовна — кандидат медицинский наук, заведующая отделением электрофизиологической и психофизической диагностики зрительной системы

ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, 14/19, Москва, 105062, Российская Федерация

Egorova Irina V. - PhD, head of the Department of electrophysiological and psychophysical diagnostics of the visual system

Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya str., 14/19, Moscow, 105062, Russian Federation

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0148-8517ЦапенкоИ. В.TsapenkoI. V.

Цапенко Ирина Владимировна - кандидат биологических наук, главный специалист отдела клинической физиологии зрения им. С.В. Кравкова

ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, 14/19, Москва, 105062, Российская Федерация

Tsapenko Irina V. - PhD (Biol.), chief specialist of S.V. Kravkov Department of clinical physiology of vision

Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya str., 14/19, Moscow, 105062, Russian Federation

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0807-7734АлескеровА. М.AleskerovA. M.

Алескеров Ахмед Магомедалиевич - младший научный сотрудник лаборатории «Физиология и психофизиология зрительной системы»

Хорошевское шоссе, 76а, Москва, 123007, Российская Федерация

Aleskerov Ahmed M. - junior researcher, Laboratory “Physiology and Psychophysiology of the Visual System”

Khoroshevskoe highway, 76A, Moscow, 123007, Russian Federation

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9290-5664ПодъяновД. А.PodyanovD. A.

Подъянов Дмитрий Афонасьевич - младший научный лаборатории «Физиология и психофизиология зрительной системы

Хорошевское шоссе, 76а, Москва, 123007, Российская Федерация

Podyanov Dmitry A. - junior researcher, Laboratory “Physiology and Psychophysiology of the Visual System”

Khoroshevskoe highway, 76A, Moscow, 123007, Russian Federation

ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияHelmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye DiseasesRussian FederationФГБУН «Государственный научный центр РФ Институт медико-биологических проблем Российской академии наук»РоссияInstitute for Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202330062023202266275Copyright © Нероев В.В., Зуева М.В., Котелин В.И., Манько О.М., Егорова И.В., Цапенко И.В., Алескеров А.М., Подъянов Д.А., 20232023Нероев В.В., Зуева М.В., Котелин В.И., Манько О.М., Егорова И.В., Цапенко И.В., Алескеров А.М., Подъянов Д.А.Neroev V.V., Zueva M.V., Kotelin V.I., Manko O.M., Egorova I.V., Tsapenko I.V., Aleskerov A.M., Podyanov D.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/2106

В процессе проведения международного эксперимента SIRIUS 20/21, имитирующего межпланетный перелет, у экипажа наземной герметичной станции в течение 8 месяцев определяли пороги электрически вызванного фосфена (ЭВФ), которые отражают электрическую чувствительность (ЭЧ) сетчатки, а также электрическую лабильность (Л) зрительного нерва (тест ЭЧиЛ). Оценку ЭЧиЛ выполняли с помощью прибора «ЭСОМ» («Нейрон», Уфа, Россия) 1 раз в месяц 2 раза в сутки (утро/вечер) в мезопических условиях. Установлено повышение ЭЧ и другие закономерности изменения параметров ЭЧ и Л в период изоляции, отражающие адаптацию экипажа к условиям эксперимента и реакцию зрительной системы на физические и психоэмоциональные нагрузки. Дальнейшее изучение порогов ЭВФ и Л зрительного нерва в экспериментах увеличивающейся продолжительности позволит определить биомаркеры, дифференцирующие индивидуальную адаптационную реакцию космонавтов от дисфункции сетчатки и зрительного нерва в условиях реального космического полета. Л зрительного нерва показала бoльшую устойчивость к условиям эксперимента, чем ЭЧ сетчатки. Результаты позволяют полагать, что определение Л в тесте ЭЧиЛ может стать экспресс-тестом на борту МКС для оценки функционального состояния папилломакулярного пучка волокон зрительного нерва, риска развития или диагностики SANS (связанного с полетом нейроокулярного синдрома) в условиях длительных космических миссий.

In the ground sealed station crew, during the 8 months international experiment SIRIUS 20/21 simulating an interplanetary flight, electrically induced phosphene (EIP) thresholds, which reflected the electrical sensitivity (ES) of the retina, and the optic nerve. ES&L was assessed using the “ESOM” device (“Neuron”, Ufa, Russia) once a month, twice a day (morning/evening), under mesopic conditions. An increase in ES and other patterns of changes in ES&L parameters during period of isolation were established, reflecting the adaptation of the crew to the conditions of the experiment and the reaction of the visual system to physical and psycho-emotional stress. Further study of the thresholds of the EIP and L of the optic nerve in experiments of increasing duration will make it possible to determine the biomarkers that differentiate the individual adaptive reaction of astronauts from dysfunction of the retina and optic nerve under real space flight conditions. The L of the optic nerve showed greater resistance to experimental conditions than the ES of the retina. The results suggest that the determination of the L in the ES&L test can become an express test on board the ISS to assess the functional state of the papillomacular bundle of optic nerve fibers, the risk of developing or diagnosing SANS (flight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome) in long-term space missions.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.