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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2023-2-283-290</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-2108</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ И ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL &amp; EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>К вопросу о применении антикоагулянта прямого действия животного происхождения при диабетической ретинопатии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Regarding the Use of Direct-Acting Anticoagulants of Animal Origin in Diabetic Retinopathy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2707-8417</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воробьева</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vorobyeva</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Воробьева Ирина Витальевна - доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры глазных болезней,  профессор кафедры офтальмологии</p><p>ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6, Москва, 117198, Российская Федерация</p><p>ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, Москва, 125993, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vorobyeva Irina V. - MD, Professor of the Department of eye diseases, Professor of the Ophthalmology department</p><p>Miklukho-Maklaya str., 6, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation</p><p>Barrikadnaya str., 2/1, Moscow, 125993, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4130-6511</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бирюков</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Biryukov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бирюков Владимир Васильевич - врач-офтальмолог, аспирант кафедры глазных болезней</p><p>ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6, Москва, 117198, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Biryukov Vladimir V. - ophthalmologist, postgraduate</p><p>Miklukho-Maklaya str., 6, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladusmirgerb@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9833-6236</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фролов</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Frolov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фролов Михаил Александрович - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой глазных болезней</p><p>ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6, Москва, 117198, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Frolov Mikhail A. - MD, Professor, head of the Department of eye diseases</p><p>Miklukho-Maklaya str., 6, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0988-1361</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фролов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Frolov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фролов Александр Михайлович - кандидат медицинских наук, врач-офтальмолог, доцент кафедры глазных болезней</p><p>ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6, Москва, 117198, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Frolov Aleksandr M. - PhD, ophthalmologist, Associate Professor of the Department of eye diseases</p><p>Miklukho-Maklaya str., 6, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9483-1571</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пляскина</surname><given-names>У. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pliaskina</surname><given-names>U. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пляскина Ульяна Сергеевна - врач-офтальмолог, аспирант кафедры глазных болезней</p><p>ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6, Москва, 117198, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pliaskina Uliana S. - ophthalmologist, postgraduate</p><p>Miklukho-Maklaya str., 6, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3576-293X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаллах</surname><given-names>С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shallah</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шаллах Сами - врач-офтальмолог, аспирант кафедры глазных болезней</p><p>ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6, Москва, 117198, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shallah Sami - ophthalmologist, postgraduate</p><p>Miklukho-Maklaya str., 6, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»;&#13;
ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Министерства здравоохранения Российской  Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia;&#13;
Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>283</fpage><lpage>290</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Воробьева И.В., Бирюков В.В., Фролов М.А., Фролов А.М., Пляскина У.С., Шаллах С., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Воробьева И.В., Бирюков В.В., Фролов М.А., Фролов А.М., Пляскина У.С., Шаллах С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vorobyeva I.V., Biryukov V.V., Frolov M.A., Frolov A.M., Pliaskina U.S., Shallah S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/2108">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/2108</self-uri><abstract><p>Диабетическая ретинопатия занимает одно из лидирующих мест в структуре слепоты и слабовидения. Самыми первыми изменениями сетчатки при диабетической ретинопатии являются нарушения микроциркуляции, кровоснабжения в мелких сосудах макулы. Недостаточно эффективных препаратов, способных восстановить перфузию в мелких сосудах сетчатки. В связи с этим актуален поиск антикоагулянтов, позволяющих восстановить кровоснабжение в макулярной зоне сетчатки при диабетической ретинопатии.</p><p>Целью данного обзора является анализ исследований по применению отечественного антикоагулянта прямого действия животного происхождения из группы гепарина «пиявит» как в офтальмологии при диабетической ретинопатии, так и в других областях медицины. Проведен анализ публикаций на ресурсах eLibrary и PubMed за последние 30 лет по ключевым словам: антикоагулянты прямого действия, диабетическая ретинопатия, гирудины, гемодинамика, оптическая когерентная томография, гемостаз. Проанализированы данные об изучении и применении препарата от разработки до использования при диабетической ретинопатии, при сосудистой патологии сетчатки, при беременности. Исследователями изучена ценность секрета слюнных желез медицинской пиявки, который является регулятором системы гемостаза. В 1992 г. И.П. Басковой запатентовано новое лекарственное средство «пиявит», которое официально разрешено для применения в медицинской практике (регистрационный номер № 000363/02). Режим дозирования: по 300 мг три раза в день в течение 20 дней. Повторный курс через 1–2 месяца. В офтальмологии исследователи доказали положительный эффект препарата в отношении сетчатки при диабетической ретинопатии с улучшением остроты зрения, толщины сетчатки по показателям оптической когерентной томографии, флюоресцентной ангиографии, системы гемостаза.</p><p>Заключение. Проведенный анализ позволяет расширить знания о положительном влиянии препарата «пиявит» на течение диабетической ретинопатии. На основе данного обзора авторы планируют дальнейшее изучение препарата, что позволит оценить важность и значимость улучшения микроциркуляции в макулярной зоне сетчатки с помощью антикоагулянта «пиявит» для сохранения зрительных функций.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. Diabetic retinopathy occupies one of the leading places in the frame of blindness and low vision. The very first changes in the retina in diabetic retinopathy are disorders of microcirculation and blood supply in the small vessels of the macula. There are few effective drugs that can restore perfusion in the small retina’s vessels. In this connection, it is relevant to search for anticoagulants that allow restoring blood supply in the macular area in diabetic retinopathy in the early stages.</p></sec><sec><title>The purpose</title><p>The purpose. To analyze the research of a domestic direct-action anticoagulant from animals, a drug of the heparin group Pyavit, both in ophthalmology for diabetic retinopathy and in other fields of medicine. The analysis of publications on eLibrary and PubMed resources for the last 30 years was done, by the keywords: direct-acting anticoagulants, diabetic retinopathy, hirudins, hemodynamics, optical coherence tomography (OCT), hemostasis. The data on the study and application of the drug from its development to its use in diabetic retinopathy, retinal vascular pathology, and pregnancy was analyzed. Researchers have studied the importance of the salivary gland secretion of a medical leech, which is a regulator of the hemostasis system. In 1992 I.P. Baskova patented a new drug Pyavit, which is officially approved for use in medical practice (registration number No. 000363/02). Dosage regimen: 300 mg three times a day for 20 days, and repeat the course through 1–2 months. In ophthalmology, researchers have proven the positive effect of the drug on the retina in diabetic retinopathy with an improvement in visual acuity, retinal thickness according to objective indicators of optical coherence tomography, fluorescence angiography, and hemostasis system.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The analysis of scientists’ research allows us to expand knowledge about the positive effect of the drug Piavit on the path of diabetic retinopathy. Based on this review, the authors plan to further study the drug, which will assess the importance and significance of improving microcirculation in the macular area of the retina using the anticoagulant Pyavit to preserve visual functions.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антикоагулянты прямого действия</kwd><kwd>диабетическая ретинопатия</kwd><kwd>гирудины</kwd><kwd>гемодинамика</kwd><kwd>ОКТ</kwd><kwd>гемостаз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>direct-acting anticoagulants</kwd><kwd>diabetic retinopathy</kwd><kwd>hirudins</kwd><kwd>hemodynamics</kwd><kwd>OCT</kwd><kwd>hemostasis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Демидова ТЮ, Кожевников АА. Диабетическая ретинопатия: история, современные подходы к ведению, перспективные взгляды на профилактику и лечение. 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