<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2023-3-405-413</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-2164</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Возможности применения лазерного излучения в витреоретинальной хирургии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Possibilities of Using Laser Radiation in Vitreoretinal Surgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4757-5584</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрачков</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrachkov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петрачков Денис Валерьевич, кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий отделом «Инновационные витреоретинальные технологии»</p><p>ул. Россолимо, 11а, б, Москва, 119021</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petrachkov Denis V., PhD, head of the Department “Innovative vitreoretinal technologies”</p><p>Rossolimo str., 11 A, B, Moscow, 119021</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3254-4451</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коробов</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korobov</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коробов Егор Николаевич, кандидат медицинских наук, младший научный сотрудник отдела «Инновационные витреоретинальные технологии»</p><p>ул. Россолимо, 11а, б, Москва, 119021</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Korobov Egor N., PhD, junior researcher of the Department “Innovative vitreoretinal technologies” </p><p>Rossolimo str., 11 A, B, Moscow, 119021</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт глазных болезней имени М.М. Краснова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M.M. Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>405</fpage><lpage>413</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Петрачков Д.В., Коробов Е.Н., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Петрачков Д.В., Коробов Е.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Petrachkov D.V., Korobov E.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/2164">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/2164</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящее время лазерные технологии получили широкое распространение в офтальмологии. В основном они используются в окулопластике при операциях на придаточном аппарате глаза, в рефракционной и роговичной хирургии, лазерном сопровождении факоэмульсификации катаракты, лечении глаукомы, лазеркоагуляции сетчатки, термотерапии образований сосудистой оболочки. В XXI веке начали активно популяризировать лечение плавающих помутнений в стекловидном теле с помощью Nd:YAG лазера, хотя и с неоднозначными результатами. В витреоретинальной хирургии, которая совершенствуется с каждым десятилетием, лазерные технологии остаются на уровне XX столетия, например по-прежнему применяются только для эндолазеркоагуляции сетчатки, несмотря на то что существует огромный потенциал по использованию лазеров в качестве «лазерного скальпеля» для удаления стекловидного тела, прецизионном удалении с поверхности сетчатки шварт, эпиретинального фиброза, а также ретинотомии и хориоидотомии. В связи с этим необходим поиск наиболее подходящего лазерного излучения, которое позволяло бы проводить тонкие резы на сетчатке и сосудистой оболочке с высокой точностью, минимальным повреждением окружающих тканей, достаточной степенью коагуляции для профилактики кровоизлияний. Лазер, разработанный на основе данного излучения, позволит проводить оперативные вмешательства на заднем отрезке глаза с меньшим риском интра- и послеоперационных осложнений, а также лучшими анатомическими и функциональными результатами. При дальнейшем развитии такой подход к лазерной абляции может стать альтернативой механическим инструментам для хирургического рассечения и удаления патологических тканей с поверхности сетчатки.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Currently, laser technologies are widely used in the treatment of diseases of the eye and its accessory apparatus. Basically, they are used in oculoplastic surgery during operations on the accessory apparatus of the eye, in refractive and corneal surgery, laser support for ultrasound cataract surgery, laser treatment of glaucoma, laser coagulation of the retina, thermotherapy of choroidal formations. In the 21st century, Nd: YAG laser treatment of floating opacities in the vitreous body began to be actively popularized with mixed results. In vitreoretinal surgery, which is improving every decade, laser technology remains at the level of the 20th century. In endovitreal surgery, the laser is still used only for endolaser coagulation of the retina, despite the fact that there is a huge potential for using lasers as a “laser scalpel” for removing the vitreous, precision removal of a retinal tear, epiretinal fibrosis, precision retinotomy, and choroidotomy. In this regard, it is necessary to search for the most suitable laser radiation, which will make it possible to carry out thin cuts on the retina and choroid with high accuracy, minimal damage to the surrounding tissues, and a sufficient degree of coagulation to prevent hemorrhages. This laser will allow for surgical interventions in the posterior eye segment with a lower risk of intra- and postoperative complications, as well as better anatomical and functional results. With further development, this new approach to laser ablation may become an alternative to mechanical instruments for surgical dissection and removal of pathological tissue from the surface of the retina.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>витреоретинальная хирургия</kwd><kwd>витрэктомия</kwd><kwd>фотовитрэктомия</kwd><kwd>лазерная витрэктомия</kwd><kwd>Nd:YAG-лазер</kwd><kwd>Er:YAG-лазер</kwd><kwd>СО2-лазер</kwd><kwd>средний инфракрасный диапазон спектра</kwd><kwd>лазерная абляция</kwd><kwd>прецизионная хирургия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>vitreoretinal surgery</kwd><kwd>vitrectomy</kwd><kwd>photovitrectomy</kwd><kwd>laser vitrectomy</kwd><kwd>Nd:YAG laser</kwd><kwd>Er:YAG laser</kwd><kwd>CO2 laser</kwd><kwd>midinfrared spectrum</kwd><kwd>laser ablation</kwd><kwd>precision surgery</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Краснов М.М., Сапрыкин П.И., Доронин П.П. Электронно-микроскопическое изучение тканей глазного дна при лазерной коагуляции. Вестник офтальмологии. 1973;89(2):13–15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krasnov MM, Saprykin PI, Doronin PP. Electron Microscopic examination of the eye fundus during laser coagulation. Annals of Ophthalmology. 1973;89(2):13–15 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Степанов А.В., Бабижаев М.А., Иванов А.Н. Фотоповреждение глаза при воз действии излучения ND:YAG лазера с модулированной добротностью: физико-химические структурные изменения хрусталика и стекловидного тела. Вестник офтальмологии. 1990;106(1):31–35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stepanov AV, Babizhaev MA, Ivanov AN. Photodamage to the eye when exposed to Q-switched ND:YAG laser radiation: physical and chemical structural changes in the lens and vitreous body. Annals of Ophthalmology. 1990;106(1):31–35 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Степанов А.В. ИАГ-лазерная хирургия осложнений после реконструктивной кератопластики. Офтальмологический журнал. 1990;5:273–276.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stepanov AV. IAG-lazernaya khirurgiya oslozhnenii posle rekonstruktivnoi kerato  plastiki. Journal of Ophthalmology (Ukraine) 1990;5:273–276 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">L’Esperance FA. The treatment of ophthalmic vascular disease by argon laser photocoagulation. Trans. Am. Acad. Ophthalmol. Otolaryngol. 1969;73:1077–1096.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">L’Esperance FA. The treatment of ophthalmic vascular disease by argon laser photo  coagulation. Trans. Am. Acad. Ophthalmol. Otolaryngol. 1969;73:1077–1096.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Little HL, Zweng HC, Peabody RR. Argon laser slit-lamp retinal photocoagulation. Trans. Am. Acad. Ophthalmol. Otolaryngol. 1970;74(1):85–97.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Little HL, Zweng HC, Peabody RR. Argon laser slit-lamp retinal photocoagulation. Trans. Am. Acad. Ophthalmol. Otolaryngol. 1970;74(1):85–97. 6. Draeger J. Integrated YAG laser microsurgical microscope. Dev Ophthalmol. 1987;14:88–92. doi: 10.1159/000414369.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Draeger J. Integrated YAG laser microsurgical microscope. Dev Ophthalmol. 1987;14:88–92. doi: 10.1159/000414369.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peyman GA, Conway MD, Ganti S. A neodymium-YAG endolaser. Ophthalmic Surg. 1983;14(4):309–313. 8. Patel CKN. Continuous-Wave Laser Action on Vibrational-Rotational Transitions of CO2. Physical review journals archive. 1964;136(5):1187–1193. doi: 10.1103/PhysRev.136.A1187.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peyman GA, Conway MD, Ganti S. A neodymium-YAG endolaser. Ophthalmic Surg. 1983;14(4):309–313.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Langelier NA, Liss J, Leyngold IM. CO2 Laser Lash Tilt Technique for the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Lash Ptosis and Augmentation of Upper Eyelid Blepharoplasty Results. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2019;35(4):399–402. doi: 10.1097/ IOP.0000000000001362.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patel CKN. Continuous-Wave Laser Action on Vibrational-Rotational Transitions of CO2. Physical review journals archive. 1964;136(5):1187–1193. doi: 10.1103/PhysRev.136.A1187.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang J, Duan J, Gong L. Super pulse CO2 laser therapy for benign eyelid tumors. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2018;17(2):171–175. doi: 10.1111/jocd.12375.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Langelier NA, Liss J, Leyngold IM. CO2 Laser Lash Tilt Technique for the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Lash Ptosis and Augmentation of Upper Eyelid Blepharoplasty Results. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2019;35(4):399–402. doi: 10.1097/IOP.0000000000001362.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang H, Tang T, Yan X. CO2 Laser-Assisted Deep Sclerectomy Surgery Compared with Trabeculectomy in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: Two-Year Results. J Oph  thalmol. 2021;2021:6639583. doi: 10.1155/2021/6639583.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang J, Duan J, Gong L. Super pulse CO2 laser therapy for benign eyelid tumors. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2018;17(2):171–175. doi: 10.1111/jocd.12375.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klink T, Schlunck G, Lieb W. CO2Excimer and Erbium:YAG Laser in Deep Sclerectomy. Ophthalmologica. 2008;222(2):74–80. doi: 10.1159/000112622.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang H, Tang T, Yan X. CO2 Laser-Assisted Deep Sclerectomy Surgery Compared with Trabeculectomy in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: Two-Year Results. J Ophthalmol. 2021;2021:6639583. doi: 10.1155/2021/6639583.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ling R, Borkenstein EM, Borkenstein AF. Evaluation of Nd:YAG Laser Capsulot  omy Rates in a Real-Life Population. Clin Ophthalmol. 2020;14:3249–3257. doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S276329.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klink T, Schlunck G, Lieb W. CO2Excimer and Erbium:YAG Laser in Deep Sclerectomy. Ophthalmologica. 2008;222(2):74–80. doi: 10.1159/000112622.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">He M, Jiang Y, Huang S. Laser peripheral iridotomy for the prevention of angle closure: a single-centre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2019;393(10181):1609– 1618. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32607-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ling R, Borkenstein EM, Borkenstein AF. Evaluation of Nd:YAG Laser Capsulotomy Rates in a Real-Life Population. Clin Ophthalmol. 2020;14:3249–3257. doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S276329.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brown GC, Benson WE. Treatment of diabetic traction retinal detachment with the pulsed neodymium-YAG laser. Am J Ophthalmol. 1985;99:258–262. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(85)90353-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">He M, Jiang Y, Huang S. Laser peripheral iridotomy for the prevention of angle closure: a single-centre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2019;393(10181):1609–1618. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32607-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hrisomalos NF, Jampol LM, Moriarty BJ. Neodymium-YAG laser vitreolysis in sickle cell retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1987;105:1087–1091. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1987.01060080089034.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brown GC, Benson WE. Treatment of diabetic traction retinal detachment with the pulsed neodymium-YAG laser. Am J Ophthalmol. 1985;99:258–262. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(85)90353-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jagger JD, Hamilton AM, Polkinghorne P. Q-switched neodymium YAG laser vitreolysis in the therapy of posterior segment disease. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1990;228:222–225. doi: 10.1007/BF00920024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hrisomalos NF, Jampol LM, Moriarty BJ. Neodymium-YAG laser vitreolysis in sickle cell retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1987;105:1087–1091. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1987.01060080089034.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tatsui T, Ohara K, Shimizu H. Nd:YAG laser photodisruption of the vitreous traction in avulsed retinal vessel syndrome. Ophthalmic Surg. 1990 Jun;21(6):423–427.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jagger JD, Hamilton AM, Polkinghorne P. Q-switched neodymium YAG laser vitreolysis in the therapy of posterior segment disease. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1990;228:222–225. doi: 10.1007/BF00920024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shaimova VA, Shaimov TB, Boiko EV. Preventive laser treatment of tractional symptomatic retinal flap tears: long-term outcomes. Annals of Ophthalmology. 2020;136(3):32–38 (In Russ.). doi: 10.17116/oftalma202013603132.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tatsui T, Ohara K, Shimizu H. Nd:YAG laser photodisruption of the vitreous traction in avulsed retinal vessel syndrome. Ophthalmic Surg. 1990 Jun;21(6):423–427.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khadka D, Bhandari S, Bajimaya S. Nd:YAG laser hyaloidotomy in the management of Premacular Subhyaloid Hemorrhage. BMC Ophthalmol. 2016;16:41. doi: 10.1186/s12886-016-0218-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шаимова В.А., Шаимов Т.Б., Бойко Э.В. Отдаленные результаты профилактического лазерного лечения тракционных симптоматических клапанных разрывов сетчатки. Вестник офтальмологии. 2020;136(3):32–38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akduman L, Currie M, Scanlon C. ND-yag laser arteriotomy for central retinal artery occlusion. Retin Cases Brief Rep Fall. 2013;7(4):325–327. doi: 10.1097/ICB.0b013e31828ef0f2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khadka D, Bhandari S, Bajimaya S. Nd:YAG laser hyaloidotomy in the management of Premacular Subhyaloid Hemorrhage. BMC Ophthalmol. 2016;16:41. doi: 10.1186/s12886-016-0218-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fleck BW, Dhillon BJ, Khanna V. Nd:YAG laser augmented pneumatic retinopexy. Ophthalmic Surg. 1988;19:855–858.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akduman L, Currie M, Scanlon C. ND-yag laser arteriotomy for central retinal artery occlusion. Retin Cases Brief Rep Fall. 2013;7(4):325–327. doi: 10.1097/ICB.0b013e31828ef0f2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsai WF, Chen YC, Su CY. Treatment of vitreous floaters with neodymium YAG laser. Br J Ophthalmol. 1993;77:485–488. doi: 10.1136/bjo.77.8.485.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fleck BW, Dhillon BJ, Khanna V. Nd:YAG laser augmented pneumatic retinopexy. Ophthalmic Surg. 1988;19:855–858.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sendrowski DP, Bronstein MA. Current treatment for vitreous floaters. Optometry. 2010;81:157–161. doi: 10.1016/j.optm.2009.09.018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tsai WF, Chen YC, Su CY. Treatment of vitreous floaters with neodymium YAG laser. Br J Ophthalmol. 1993;77:485–488. doi: 10.1136/bjo.77.8.485.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Milston R, Madigan MC, Sebag J. Vitreous floaters: etiology, diagnostics, and management. Surv Ophthalmol. 2016;61:211–227. doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2015.11.008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sendrowski DP, Bronstein MA. Current treatment for vitreous floaters. Optometry. 2010;81:157–161. doi: 10.1016/j.optm.2009.09.018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Katsanos A, Tsaldari N, Gorgoli K. Safety and Efficacy of YAG Laser Vitreolysis for the Treatment of Vitreous Floaters: An Overview. Adv Ther. 2020 Apr;37(4):1319– 1327. doi: 10.1007/s12325-020-01261-w.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Milston R, Madigan MC, Sebag J. Vitreous floaters: etiology, diagnostics, and management. Surv Ophthalmol. 2016;61:211–227. doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2015.11.008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Delaney YM, Oyinloye A, Benjamin L. Nd:YAG vitreolysis and pars plana vitrectomy: surgical treatment for vitreous floaters. Eye (Lond). 2002;16:21–26. doi: 10.1038/sj.eye.6700026.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Katsanos A, Tsaldari N, Gorgoli K. Safety and Efficacy of YAG Laser Vitreolysis for the Treatment of Vitreous Floaters: An Overview. Adv Ther. 2020 Apr;37(4):1319–1327. doi: 10.1007/s12325-020-01261-w.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shah CP, Heier JS. YAG laser vitreolysis vs sham YAG vitreolysis for symptomatic vitreous floaters: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2017;135:918– 923. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2017.2388.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Delaney YM, Oyinloye A, Benjamin L. Nd:YAG vitreolysis and pars plana vitrectomy: surgical treatment for vitreous floaters. Eye (Lond). 2002;16:21–26. doi: 10.1038/sj.eye.6700026.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hahn P, Schneider EW, Tabandeh H, Wong RW, Emerson GG, American Society of Retina Specialists Research and Safety in Therapeutics (ASRS ReST) Committee. Reported Complications Following Laser Vitreolysis. JAMA Ophthalmol.2017;135:973–976. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2017.2477.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shah CP, Heier JS. YAG laser vitreolysis vs sham YAG vitreolysis for symptomatic vitreous floaters: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2017;135:918–923. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2017.2388.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang KH, Weng TH, Chen YJ, Chang YH. Iatrogenic posterior lens capsule rupture and subsequent complications due to Nd:YAG laser vitreolysis for vitreous floaters: a case report. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2018;49:214–217. doi: 10.3928/23258160-20181101-21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hahn P, Schneider EW, Tabandeh H, Wong RW, Emerson GG, American Society of Retina Specialists Research and Safety in Therapeutics (ASRS ReST) Committee. Reported Complications Following Laser Vitreolysis. JAMA Ophthalmol.2017;135:973–976. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2017.2477.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koo EH, Haddock LJ, Bhardwaj N. Cataracts induced by neodymium-yttrium-aluminiumgarnet laser lysis of vitreous floaters. Br J Ophthalmol. 2017;101:709–711. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2016-309005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang KH, Weng TH, Chen YJ, Chang YH. Iatrogenic posterior lens capsule rupture and subsequent complications due to Nd:YAG laser vitreolysis for vitreous floaters: a case report. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2018;49:214–217. doi: 10.3928/23258160-20181101-21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cowan LA, Khine KT, Chopra V. Refractory open-angle glaucoma after neodym  ium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser lysis of vitreous floaters. Am J Ophthalmol. 2015;159:138–143. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2014.10.006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koo EH, Haddock LJ, Bhardwaj N. Cataracts induced by neodymium-yttrium-aluminiumgarnet laser lysis of vitreous floaters. Br J Ophthalmol. 2017;101:709–711. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2016-309005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van der Veken A, Van de Velde F, Smeets B, Tassignon MJ. Nd:YAG laser posterior hyaloidotomy for the treatment of a premacular vitreous floater. Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol. 1997;265:39–43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cowan LA, Khine KT, Chopra V. Refractory open-angle glaucoma after neodymium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser lysis of vitreous floaters. Am J Ophthalmol. 2015;159:138–143. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2014.10.006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vine AK. Ocular hypertension following Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy: a potentially blinding complication. Ophthalmic Surg. 1984;15:283–284.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van der Veken A, Van de Velde F, Smeets B, Tassignon MJ. Nd:YAG laser posterior hyaloidotomy for the treatment of a premacular vitreous floater. Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol. 1997;265:39–43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Srinivasan R, Wynne JJ, Blum SE. Far-UV photoetching of organic material. Laser Focus. 1983;May:62–66. 36. Trokel SL, Srinivasan R, Braren B. Excimer laser-surgery of the cornea. Am. J. Oph  thalmol. 1983;96:710–15. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)71911-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vine AK. Ocular hypertension following Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy: a potentially blinding complication. Ophthalmic Surg. 1984;15:283–284.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurtz RM, Horvath C, Liu HH. Lamellar refractive surgery with scanned intrastromal picosecond and femtosecond laser pulses in animal eyes. J. Refract. Surg. 1998;14:541–548.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Srinivasan R, Wynne JJ, Blum SE. Far-UV photoetching of organic material. Laser Focus. 1983;May:62–66.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bashir ZS, Ali MH, Anwar A. Femto-lasik: The recent innovation in laser assisted refractive surgery. J Pak Med Assoc. 2017;67(4):609–615.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trokel SL, Srinivasan R, Braren B. Excimer laser-surgery of the cornea. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 1983;96:710–15. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)71911-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abdellah MM, Ammar HG. Femtosecond Laser Implantation of a 355-Degree Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segment in Keratoconus: A Three-Year Follow-Up. J Oph  thalmol. 2019;2019:6783181. doi: 10.1155/2019/6783181.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kurtz RM, Horvath C, Liu HH. Lamellar refractive surgery with scanned intrastromal picosecond and femtosecond laser pulses in animal eyes. J. Refract. Surg. 1998;14:541–548.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Charles Crozafon P, Bouchet C, Zignani M. Comparison of real-world treatment outcomes of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery and phacoemulsification cataract surgery: A retrospective, observational study from an outpatient clinic in France. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2021;31(4):1809–1816. doi: 10.1177/1120672120925766.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bashir ZS, Ali MH, Anwar A. Femto-lasik: The recent innovation in laser assisted refractive surgery. J Pak Med Assoc. 2017;67(4):609–615.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Merker M, Ackermann R, Kammel R. An In Vitro Study on Focusing fs-Laser Pulses Into Ocular Media for Ophthalmic Surgery. Lasers Surg Med. 2013;45(9):589– 596. doi: 10.1002/lsm.22179.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abdellah MM, Ammar HG. Femtosecond Laser Implantation of a 355-Degree Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segment in Keratoconus: A Three-Year Follow-Up. J Ophthalmol. 2019;2019:6783181. doi: 10.1155/2019/6783181.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Serebryakov VA. Reference abstract of lectures on the course “Laser technologies in medicine”. Saint Peterburg: SPbGU ITMO; 2009 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Charles Crozafon P, Bouchet C, Zignani M. Comparison of real-world treatment outcomes of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery and phacoemulsification cataract surgery: A retrospective, observational study from an outpatient clinic in France. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2021;31(4):1809–1816. doi: 10.1177/1120672120925766.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Serebryakov VA. Report on the work performed under the project “Development of a laser device with tunable radiation for precision atraumatic soft tissue surgery in neurosurgery and ophthalmology. Saint Peterburg: SPbGU ITMO; 2009 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Merker M, Ackermann R, Kammel R. An In Vitro Study on Focusing fs-Laser Pulses Into Ocular Media for Ophthalmic Surgery. Lasers Surg Med. 2013;45(9):589–596. doi: 10.1002/lsm.22179.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shen JH, Harrington JA, Edwards GS. Hollow-glass waveguide delivery of an infrared free-electron laser for microsurgical applications. Applied Optics. 2001;40(4):583–587. doi: 10.1364/ao.40.000583.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Серебряков В.А. Опорный конспект лекций по курсу «Лазерные технологии в медицине». СПб.: СПбГУ ИТМО; 2009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hemo I, Palanker D, Turovets I. Vitreoretinal surgery assisted by the 193-nm excimer laser. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1997;38:1825–1829.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Серебряков В.А. Отчет о выполненных работах по проекту «Разработка лазерного аппарата с перестраиваемым излучением для прецизионной атравматической хирургии мягких тканей в нейрохирургии и офтальмологии». СПб.: СПбГУ ИТМО; 2009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Palanker D, Hemo I, Turovets I. Vitreoretinal ablation in fluid media with 193 nm excimer laser beam. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1994;35:3835–3840.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shen JH, Harrington JA, Edwards GS. Hollow-glass waveguide delivery of an infrared free-electron laser for microsurgical applications. Applied Optics. 2001;40(4):583–587. doi: 10.1364/ao.40.000583.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schastak S, Yafai Y, Yasukawa T. Flexible UV Light Guiding System for Intraocular Laser Microsurgery. Lasers Surg Med. 2007;39(4):353–357. doi: 10.1002/lsm.20480.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hemo I, Palanker D, Turovets I. Vitreoretinal surgery assisted by the 193-nm excimer laser. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1997;38:1825–1829.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaido TJ, Kash RL, Sasnett MW. Cytotoxic and mutagenic action of 193-nm and 213-nm laser radiation. J Refract Surg. 2002;18:529–534.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Palanker D, Hemo I, Turovets I. Vitreoretinal ablation in fluid media with 193 nm excimer laser beam. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1994;35:3835–3840.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">D’Amico DJ, Blumenkranz MS, Lavin MJ. Multicenter Clinical Experience Using an Erbium:YAG Laser for Vitreoretinal Surgery. Ophthalmology. 1996;103(10):1575– 1585. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(96)30460-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schastak S, Yafai Y, Yasukawa T. Flexible UV Light Guiding System for Intraocular Laser Microsurgery. Lasers Surg Med. 2007;39(4):353–357. doi: 10.1002/lsm.20480.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peyman GΑ, Katoh N. Effects of an erbium: YAG laser on ocular structures. Int Ophthalmol. 1987;10(4):245–253. doi: 10.1007/BF00155632.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaido TJ, Kash RL, Sasnett MW. Cytotoxic and mutagenic action of 193-nm and 213-nm laser radiation. J Refract Surg. 2002;18:529–534.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Margolis TI, Farnath DΑ, Destro M. Erbium-YAG laser surgery on experimental vitreous membranes. Arch Ophthalmol. 1989;107(3):424–428. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1989.01070010434040.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">D’Amico DJ, Blumenkranz MS, Lavin MJ. Multicenter Clinical Experience Using an Erbium:YAG Laser for Vitreoretinal Surgery. Ophthalmology. 1996;103(10):1575–1585. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(96)30460-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">D’Amico DJ, Moulton RS, Theodossiadis PG. Erbium:YAG Laser Photothermal Ret  inal Ablation in Enucleated Rabbit Eyes. Am J Ophthalmol. 1994;117(6):783–790. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)70323-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peyman GΑ, Katoh N. Effects of an erbium: YAG laser on ocular structures. Int Ophthalmol. 1987;10(4):245–253. doi: 10.1007/BF00155632.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mrochen M, Petersen H, Wüllner CH. Experimental results of erbium:YAG laser vitrectomy. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 1998;212(1):50–54. doi: 10.1055/s-20081034831.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Margolis TI, Farnath DΑ, Destro M. Erbium-YAG laser surgery on experimental vitreous membranes. Arch Ophthalmol. 1989;107(3):424–428. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1989.01070010434040.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Binder S, Stolba U, Kellner L. Erbium:YAG Laser Vitrectomy: Clinical Results. Am J Ophthalmol. 2000;130(1):82–86. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(00)00399-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">D’Amico DJ, Moulton RS, Theodossiadis PG. Erbium:YAG Laser Photothermal Retinal Ablation in Enucleated Rabbit Eyes. Am J Ophthalmol. 1994;117(6):783–790. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)70323-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bochow TW, Kim RY, Berger JW. Photovitrectomy-a novel approach for vitreous removal. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1995;36:S384.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mrochen M, Petersen H, Wüllner CH. Experimental results of erbium:YAG laser vitrectomy. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 1998;212(1):50–54. doi: 10.1055/s-20081034831.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krause MH, D’Amico DJ. Ablation of vitreous tissue with a high repetition rate erbium:YAG laser. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2003;13(5):424–432. doi: 10.1177/112067210301300502.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Binder S, Stolba U, Kellner L. Erbium:YAG Laser Vitrectomy: Clinical Results. Am J Ophthalmol. 2000;130(1):82–86. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(00)00399-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mrochen M, Riedel P, Donitzky C. Erbium: yttrium–aluminum–garnet laser induced vapor bubbles as a function of the quartz fiber tip geometry. J Biomed Opt. 2001;6(3):344–350. doi: 10.1117/1.1381052.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bochow TW, Kim RY, Berger JW. Photovitrectomy-a novel approach for vitreous removal. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1995;36:S384.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hutchens TC, Darafsheh A, Fardad A. Detachable microsphere scalpel tips for potential use in ophthalmic surgery with the erbium:YAG laser. J Biomed Opt. 2014;19(1):18003. doi: 10.1117/1.JBO.19.1.018003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krause MH, D’Amico DJ. Ablation of vitreous tissue with a high repetition rate erbium:YAG laser. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2003;13(5):424–432. doi: 10.1177/112067210301300502.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Serebryakov VA, Boiko EV, Kalintsev AG. Middle infrared laser for precision sur  gery. Journal of Optical Technology. 2015;82(12):3–13 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mrochen M, Riedel P, Donitzky C. Erbium: yttrium–aluminum–garnet laser induced vapor bubbles as a function of the quartz fiber tip geometry. J Biomed Opt. 2001;6(3):344–350. doi: 10.1117/1.1381052.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mackanos MAW, Simanovskii D, Joos KM/ Mid infrared optical parametric oscillator (OPO) as a viable alternative to tissue ablation with the free electron laser (FEL). Lasers Surg Med. 2007;39(3):230–236. doi: 10.1002/lsm.20461.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hutchens TC, Darafsheh A, Fardad A. Detachable microsphere scalpel tips for potential use in ophthalmic surgery with the erbium:YAG laser. J Biomed Opt. 2014;19(1):18003. doi: 10.1117/1.JBO.19.1.018003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haglund RF. Applications of free electron lasers in biological sciences, medicine and material. Photonbased Nanoscience and Nanobiotechnology. Springer, Nether  lands, 2006. 62. Soldatov AN, Mirza S, Polunin JP. Multiwavelength metal vapor laser systems for applied spectroscopy of the atmosphere. J. Applied Spectroscopy. 2015;81(6):1025– 1029. doi: 10.1007/s10812-015-0045-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Серебряков В.А., Бойко Э.В., Калинцев А.Г. Лазер среднего инфракрасного диапазона спектра для прецизионной хирургии. Оптический журнал. 2015;82(12):3–13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hashimura K, Ishii K, Akikusa N. Coagulation and ablation of biological soft tissue by quantum cascade laser with peak wavelength of 5.7 μm. J. Innovative Optical Health Sciences. 2014;7(3):1450029. doi: 10.1142/s1793545814500291.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mackanos MAW, Simanovskii D, Joos KM/ Mid infrared optical parametric oscillator (OPO) as a viable alternative to tissue ablation with the free electron laser (FEL). Lasers Surg Med. 2007;39(3):230–236. doi: 10.1002/lsm.20461.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stoeppler G, Schellhorn M, Eichhorn M. Enhanced beam quality for medical applications at 6.45 μm by using a RISTRA ZGP OPO. Laser Physics. 2012;22(6):1095– 1098. doi: 10.1134/s1054660x12060114.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haglund RF. Applications of free electron lasers in biological sciences, medicine and material. Photonbased Nanoscience and Nanobiotechnology. Springer, Netherlands, 2006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haglund RF. Applications of free electron lasers in biological sciences, medicine and material. Photonbased Nanoscience and Nanobiotechnology. Springer, Netherlands, 2006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Soldatov AN, Mirza S, Polunin JP. Multiwavelength metal vapor laser systems for applied spectroscopy of the atmosphere. J. Applied Spectroscopy. 2015;81(6):1025–1029. doi: 10.1007/s10812-015-0045-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soldatov AN, Mirza S, Polunin JP. Multiwavelength metal vapor laser systems for applied spectroscopy of the atmosphere. J. Applied Spectroscopy. 2015;81(6):1025–1029. doi: 10.1007/s10812-015-0045-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hashimura K, Ishii K, Akikusa N. Coagulation and ablation of biological soft tissue by quantum cascade laser with peak wavelength of 5.7 μm. J. Innovative Optical Health Sciences. 2014;7(3):1450029. doi: 10.1142/s1793545814500291.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hashimura K, Ishii K, Akikusa N. Coagulation and ablation of biological soft tissue by quantum cascade laser with peak wavelength of 5.7 μm. J. Innovative Optical Health Sciences. 2014;7(3):1450029. doi: 10.1142/s1793545814500291.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stoeppler G, Schellhorn M, Eichhorn M. Enhanced beam quality for medical applications at 6.45 μm by using a RISTRA ZGP OPO. Laser Physics. 2012;22(6):1095–1098. doi: 10.1134/s1054660x12060114.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stoeppler G, Schellhorn M, Eichhorn M. Enhanced beam quality for medical applications at 6.45 μm by using a RISTRA ZGP OPO. Laser Physics. 2012;22(6):1095–1098. doi: 10.1134/s1054660x12060114.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
