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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2023-3-423-430</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-2166</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Грибковый кератит. Часть 1. Этиоморфология, исторические аспекты, эпидемиология, факторы риска, патогенез и клинические особенности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fungal Keratitis. Part 1. Etiomorphology, Historical Aspects, Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Pathogenesis and Clinical Features</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4931-8266</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шиловских</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shilovskikh</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шиловских Олег Владимирович, кандидат медицинских наук, врач‑офтальмохирург, главный внештатный офтальмолог Свердловской области, генеральный директор</p><p>ул. Академика Бардина, 4а, Екатеринбург, 62014</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shilovskikh Oleg V., PhD, ophthalmic surgeon, chief freelance ophthalmologist of the Sverdlovsk region, general director</p><p>Academician Bardin str., 4A, Yekaterinburg, 620149</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2353-9610</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономарев</surname><given-names>В. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomarev</surname><given-names>V. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пономарев Вячеслав Олегович, кандидат медицинских наук, врач‑офтальмохирург, заместитель генерального директора по научно-клинической работе</p><p>ул. Академика Бардина, 4а, Екатеринбург, 62014</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ponomarev Vyacheslav O., PhD, ophthalmic surgeon, deputy general director for scientific and clinical work</p><p>Academician Bardin str., 4A, Yekaterinburg, 620149</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7372-3870</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимофеев</surname><given-names>В. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Timofeev</surname><given-names>V. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тимофеев Владимир Леонидович, врач-офтальмохирург</p><p>ул. Академика Бардина, 4а, Екатеринбург, 62014</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Timofeev Vladimir L., ophthalmic surgeon</p><p>Academician Bardin str., 4A, Yekaterinburg, 620149</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АО «Екатеринбургский центр МНТК “Микрохирургия глаза”»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Eye Microsurgery Ekaterinburg Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>423</fpage><lpage>430</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шиловских О.В., Пономарев В.О., Тимофеев В.Л., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шиловских О.В., Пономарев В.О., Тимофеев В.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shilovskikh O.V., Ponomarev V.O., Timofeev V.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/2166">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/2166</self-uri><abstract><p>Грибковые кератиты (ГК) занимают 8–30 % в структуре инфекционных воспалений роговицы. Существуют два основных типа роста грибов: мицелиальный и дрожжевой. Мицелиальные (плесневые) грибы растут в виде особых разветвленных микроскопических трубок — гиф, а дрожжевые грибы образуют компактные колонии из отдельных овальных клеток. В силу особенностей строения дрожжей тенденция к быстрому распространению в тканях снижена, что определяет менее агрессивное клиническое течение таких кератомикозов в сравнении с плесневыми. До 50-х годов ХХ века встречаемость ГК в мире была невысокой, однако, вероятно, с внедрением в медицину кортикостероидных и антибактериальных препаратов их распространенность начала расти. Самая высокая частота встречаемости ГК отмечается в регионах с жарким климатом и высокой вовлеченностью населения в сельское хозяйство. Основным провоцирующим фактором появления ГК является травма роговицы с повреждением эпителия и адгезией к боуменовой мембране или компонентам стромы. Грибы с высокой адгезивной способностью (Aspergillus spp., Candida spp.) запускают каскад иммунных воспалительных реакций, продукцию активных форм кислорода и матриксных металлопротеаз-9, что приводит к разрушению ламелл. Грибы с низкой адгезивной способностью (Fusarium spp.) могут долго и неограниченно расти параллельно ламеллам без индукции выраженного воспаления. Симптомы ГК схожи с теми, что наблюдаются при других формах инфекционного кератита, но чаще они развиваются медленнее (5–10 дней) и проявляются менее остро. Для дефекта на фоне мицелиального ГК чаще характерны зубчатые края, возвышающийся струп и не желтая окраска. Дрожжевой ГК проявляется овальным изъязвлением эпителия с расширяющимся, более резко отграниченным, густоочаговым нагноением.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Fungal keratitis (FK) is 8–30 % in the structure of infectious inflammation of the cornea. There are 2 main types of mushroom growth — mycelial and yeast. Mycelial (mold) fungi grow in the form of special branched microscopic tubes — hyphae. Yeast fungi form compact colonies of individual oval cells. Due to the peculiarities of the yeast structure, the tendency to rapid spread in the tissues is reduced, which determines the less aggressive clinical course of such keratomycosis compared to mold. Until the 50s of the 20th century, the occurrence of FK in the world was low. However, probably with the introduction of corticosteroid and antibacterial drugs into medicine, their prevalence began to grow. The highest frequency of occurrence of FK is in regions with a hot climate and high involvement of the population in agriculture. The main provoking factor for the appearance of FK is corneal injury with damage to the epithelium and adhesion to the Bowman’s membrane or stroma components. Highly adhesive fungi (Aspergillus spp., Candida spp.) trigger a cascade of immune inflammatory reactions, production of reactive oxygen species and matrix metalloproteases-9, which leads to the destruction of lamellae. Fungi with low adhesive ability (Fusarium spp.) can grow parallel to lamellae for a long time and indefinitely without inducing pronounced inflammation. Symptoms of FC are similar to those observed in other forms of infectious keratitis, but more often they develop more slowly (5–10 days) and are less acute. A defect against the background of mycelial FC is more often characterized by jagged edges, a raised slough, and a non-yellow color. Yeast FK is manifested by oval ulceration of the epithelium with expanding, more sharply demarcated, densely focal suppuration.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>грибковый кератит</kwd><kwd>кератомикоз</kwd><kwd>дрожжевые грибы</kwd><kwd>мицелиальные грибы</kwd><kwd>матриксные металлопротеазы</kwd><kwd>активные формы кислорода</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fungal keratitis</kwd><kwd>keratomycosis</kwd><kwd>yeast fungi</kwd><kwd>filamentous fungi</kwd><kwd>matrix metalloproteases</kwd><kwd>reactive oxygen species</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Поздеев О.К. Медицинская микробиология: учебное пособие / Под ред. В.И. Покровского. 4-е изд., испр. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2010. 768 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pozdeev OK. Medical microbiology: textbook / Ed. VI Pokrovsky. 4th ed., corr. 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