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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2015-1-24-32</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-221</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Регматогенная отслойка сетчатки: современное состояние проблемы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: current opinion</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аванесова</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avanesova</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avanesova-t@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Городская клиническая больница No 15 им. О.М. Филатова, ул. Вешняковская, д. 23, Москва, 111539, Россия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Filatov City Clinical Hospital #15, 23, Veshnyakovskaya Str. Moscow, Russia, 111539</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>03</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>24</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Аванесова Т.А., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Аванесова Т.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Avanesova T.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/221">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/221</self-uri><abstract><p>Регматогенная отслойка сетчатки (РОС) — тяжелое заболевание органа зрения, в отсутствие лечения ведущее к слепоте и слабовидению. Она также является значимой социально-экономической проблемой, поскольку 84% больных с РОС — люди трудоспособного возраста. В обзоре приведены классификации РОС (в том числе применяемая в настоящее время классификация Р. Махемера), обсуждаются факторы риска РОС и ее патогенез в контексте сил, поддерживающих контакт нейроэпителия и пигментного эпителия (гидростатическое, онкотическое давление и активный транспорт), и сил, способствующих разобщению данных слоев (тракция со стороны стекловидного тела, гравитационные силы и движения глаз). Рассмотрены роль пролиферативной витреоретинопатии в развитии и рецидивах РОС, а также влияние вовлеченности в процесс макулярной области на исход заболевания. Из современных диагностических процедур рассмотрены оптическая когерентная томография, которая позволяет изучать анатомические особенности и выявлять параметры, достоверно влияющие на максимальную корригированную остроту зрения после операции (дефекты линии сочленения внутренних и наружных сегментов фоторецепторов (IS/OS), целостность наружной (ELM) и внутренней пограничных мембран (ILM), толщина наружного зернистого слоя (ONLT) и др.), и недостаточно изученная сегодня при РОС флуоресцентная ангиография, вносящая вклад в понимание причин неблагоприятного функционального исхода при анатомически успешном оперативном лечении РОС. Из обширного арсенала методов лечения РОС (разновидности эписклерального пломбирования, баллонирование, пневморетинопексия, витрэктомия с применением различных тампонирующих агентов, криопексия и лазеркоагуляция) наблюдается рост популярности витрэктомии. Рассмотрены причины этого явления, основные преимущества витрэктомии и ее недостатки. Обсуждаются критерии для выбора вида оперативного лечения, приведены данные о частоте успеха различных видов лечения на факичных и артифакичных глазах. Проведено сравнение эффективности витрэктомии с газо-воздушной тампонадой или тампонадой силиконовым маслом. Рассмотрены преимущества бимануальной витрэктомии, обеспечивающей большую скорость работы хирурга в витреальной полости. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is a severe ocular disorder which requires prompt treatment to prevent low vision and blindness. It is also a significant socio-economic problem as 84% of RDD patients are able-bodied. RRD grading systems (including current Machemer grading system), risk factors, and pathogenesis are reviewed. The role of proliferative vitreoretinopathy in RDD pathogenesis and recurrence is described. Macula involvement determines RDD outcome. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides the study of retina anatomy and the analysis of parameters that affect post-op best corrected visual acuity, i.e., defects of the junction between inner segments and outer segments (IS/OS), the integrity of external (ELM) and internal limiting membrane (ILM), outer nuclear layer thickness (ONLT) etc. Fluorescent angiography allows to understand the reasons for low vision in anatomically successful RDD surgery. Scleral buckling, balloon buckling, pneumatic retinopexy, vitrectomy, cryopexy, and laser coagulation are important tools in surgical armamentarium. In recent years, vitrectomy is growing in popularity for RDD treatment. Criteria for procedure selection and surgical success rate in phakic and pseudophakic eyes are discussed. The outcomes of vitrectomy with air/gas and silicone oil tamponade are compared. Bimanual vitrectomy benefits are discussed. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ОКТ</kwd><kwd>ФАГ</kwd><kwd>газо-воздушная тампонада</kwd><kwd>силиконовое масло</kwd><kwd>витрэктомия</kwd><kwd>бимануальная хирургия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>OCT</kwd><kwd>FAG</kwd><kwd>gas tamponade</kwd><kwd>silicone oil</kwd><kwd>vitrectomy</kwd><kwd>bimanual surgery</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Libman E.S., Shakhova E.V. [Blindness and disability due to ocular pathology in Russia]. Slepota i invalidnost’ vsledstvie patologii organa zreniya v Rossii. [Annals of Ophthalmology]. Vestnik oftal’mologii. 2006; (1): 35-37. (in Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Libman E.S., Shakhova E.V. [Blindness and disability due to ocular pathology in Russia]. Slepota i invalidnost’ vsledstvie patologii organa zreniya v Rossii. 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