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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2023-4-624-633</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-2230</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Патогенетические аспекты развития и течения регматогенной отслойки сетчатки на фоне пролиферативной витреоретинопатии. Обзор литературы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pathogenetic Aspects of the Development and Course of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment against the Background of Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy. Literature Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудрявцева</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudryavtseva</surname><given-names>J. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кудрявцева Юлия Владимировна доктор медицинских наук, доцент кафедры офтальмологии</p><p>Октябрьский проспект, 10а, Киров, 610011</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kudryavtseva Julia V. MD, Associate Professor of the Ophthalmology department</p><p>Oktyabrskiy ave., 10a, Kirov, 610011</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семёнов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semyonov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Семёнов Алексей Николаевич врач-офтальмолог 1 офтальмологического отделения</p><p>Октябрьский проспект, 10а, Киров, 610011</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Semyonov Alexei N. ophthalmologist of the 1st Ophthalmological department</p><p>Oktyabrskiy ave., 10a, Kirov, 610011</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>КОГБУЗ «Кировская клиническая офтальмологическая больница»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kirov Clinical Ophthalmological Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>624</fpage><lpage>633</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кудрявцева Ю.В., Семёнов А.Н., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кудрявцева Ю.В., Семёнов А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kudryavtseva J.V., Semyonov A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/2230">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/2230</self-uri><abstract><p>Отслойка сетчатки — тяжелейшая проблема современной офтальмологии, часто приводящая к снижению или необратимой утрате зрительных функций. Обзор литературы посвящен последним тенденциям в изучении механизмов развития и течения регматогенной отслойки сетчатки (РОС) на фоне пролиферативной витреоретинопатии. В отношении патогенеза РОС выделяют пять теорий, а также девять основных факторов риска развития. Известно, что контакт нейроэпителия сетчатки и пигментного эпителия сетчатки поддерживается физическими и метаболическими силами, а также силой трения внешних сегментов фоторецепторов и клеток ПЭС. При синхизисе и одновременном синерезисе развивается отслойка стекловидного тела с усилением тракционных сил и возможным развитием РОС. Наличие ретинального разрыва редко приводит к РОС. Установлено, что выраженное тракционное воздействие, а не сквозной разрыв сетчатой оболочки глаза, является ключевым фактором развития и прогрессирования РОС. Тракция возникает в ходе пролиферативной витреоретинопатии и эпиретинального слоя витреума, остающихся при задней отслойке стекловидного тела. При развитии отслойки происходит повреждение гематоофтальмического барьера, приводящее к выходу в витреальную полость клеток, влияющих на развитие ПВР (эпи-, суб- и интраретинально) с формированием эпиретинальной мембраны (ЭРМ). При этом теряется связь с хориоидеей, развиваются гипоксия и ацидоз. В формирующуюся ЭРМ при отслойке сетчатки входят клетки глии и их подтипы: фиброзные астроциты, клетки Мюллера, микроглии, гиалоциты, клетки ПЭС, фибробласты и миофибробласты. Однако ведущая роль в формировании и развитии ЭРМ принадлежит клеткам Мюллера и астроцитам. В патологический процесс образования ЭРМ вовлечены также трансформирующий фактор роста β2, фактор роста фибробластов, фактор роста нервов, фактор роста эндотелия сосудов, фактор роста тромбоцитов, ламинин, фибронектин, тромбоспондин-1, остеонектин, транскрипционный фактор. На фоне РОС не стоит забывать об изменении химического состава стекловидного тела с увеличением содержания сывороточного альбумина, трансферрина, антитромбина III, α1-антихимотрипсина, α1-антитрипсина, α2-HS-гликопротеина, гемопексина, транстиретина, аполипопротеина А1, а также фибриногена.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Retinal detachment (RD) is the most serious problem of modern ophthalmology, often leading to a decrease or irreversible loss of visual functions. The literature review is devoted to the latest trends in the study of the mechanisms of development and course of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) against the background of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. In the pathogenesis of RD, there are five theories, as well as nine main risk factors for development. It is known that the contact between the retinal neuroepithelium and the retinal pigment epithelium is maintained by physical and metabolic forces, as well as by the friction force of the outer segments of photoreceptors and RPE cells. With synchisis and simultaneous syneresis, vitreous detachment develops, with increased traction forces and the possible development of RRD. Retinal detachment is the most serious problem of modern ophthalmology, often leading to a decrease or irreversible loss of visual functions. The review of the literature is devoted to the latest trends in the study of the mechanisms of development and course of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment against the background of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. In the pathogenesis of RD, there are five theories, as well as nine main risk factors for development. It is known that the contact between the retinal neuroepithelium and the retinal pigment epithelium is maintained by physical and metabolic forces, as well as by the friction force of the outer segments of photoreceptors and RPE cells. With synchisis and simultaneous syneresis, vitreous detachment develops, with an increase in traction forces and the possible development of RRD. The presence of a retinal tear rarely leads to RRD. It has been established that a pronounced traction effect, rather than a through rupture of the retina, is a key factor in the development and progression of RRD. Traction occurs in the course of proliferative vitreoretinopathy and the epiretinal layer of the vitreum remaining in the posterior vitreous detachment. With the development of detachment, damage to the hematoophthalmic barrier occurs, leading to the release of cells into the vitreous cavity that affect the development of PVR (epi-, sub- and intraretinally) with the formation of an epiretinal membrane. At the same time, communication with the choroid is lost, hypoxia and acidosis develop. ERMs formed during retinal detachment include glial cells and their subtypes — fibrous astrocytes, Muller cells, microglia, hyalocytes, RPE cells, fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. However, the leading role in the formation and development of ERM belongs to Muller cells and astrocytes. Also involved in the pathological process of ERM formation are: transforming growth factor β2, fibroblast growth factor, nerve growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet growth factor, laminin, fibronectin, thrombospondin-1, osteonectin, transcription factor. Against the background of ROS, one should not forget about the change in the chemical composition of the vitreous body (increased content): serum albumin, transferrin, antithrombin III, α1-antichymotrypsin, α1-antitrypsin, α2-HS-glycoprotein, hemopexin, transthyretin, apolipoprotein A1, and fibrinogen</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>отслойка сетчатки</kwd><kwd>регматогенная отслойка сетчатки</kwd><kwd>патогенез</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>ретинальный разрыв</kwd><kwd>стекловидное тело</kwd><kwd>пролиферативная витреоретинопатия</kwd><kwd>эпиретинальная мембрана</kwd><kwd>глия</kwd><kwd>клетки пигментного эпителия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>retinal detachment</kwd><kwd>rhegmatogenous retinal detachment</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis of retinal detachment</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>retinal tear</kwd><kwd>vitreous body</kwd><kwd>proliferative vitreoretinopathy</kwd><kwd>epiretinal membrane</kwd><kwd>glia</kwd><kwd>retinal pigment epithelium cells</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ghazi NG, Green WR. 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