<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2023-4-708-713</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-2241</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ И ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL &amp; EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Патоморфологические изменения сетчатки при хроническом повышении внутриглазного давления</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pathomorphological Changes of the Retina in Chronic Intraocular Pressure Increase</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3110-4112</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жигальская</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhigalskaya</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жигальская Татьяна Александровна кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры офтальмологии, врач-офтальмолог</p><p>Московский тракт, 2, Томск, 634050</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zhigalskaya Tatiana A. PhD, assistant of the Ophthalmology department, ophthalmologist</p><p>Moskovsky tract, 2, Tomsk, 634050</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7509-5858</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кривошеина</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krivosheina</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кривошеина Ольга Ивановна доктор медицинских наук, профессор, врач-офтальмолог</p><p>Московский тракт, 2, Томск, 634050</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krivosheina Olga I. MD, Professor, ophthalmologist</p><p>Moskovsky tract, 2, Tomsk, 634050</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0980-0341</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хажиева</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khazhieva</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хажиева Вероника Павловна врач-офтальмолог</p><p>Московский тракт, 2, Томск, 634050</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Khazhieva Veronika P. ophthalmologist</p><p>Moskovsky tract, 2, Tomsk, 634050</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Сибирский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>708</fpage><lpage>713</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Жигальская Т.А., Кривошеина О.И., Хажиева В.П., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Жигальская Т.А., Кривошеина О.И., Хажиева В.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zhigalskaya T.A., Krivosheina O.I., Khazhieva V.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/2241">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/2241</self-uri><abstract><p>Глаукома является одним из самых неблагоприятных по исходу нейродегенеративных заболеваний органа зрения. Однако этиология и патогенез глаукомы до настоящего времени изучены недостаточно полно. Так, например, остается дискутабельным вопрос о первичности поражения структур глазного дна при развитии глаукомной оптической нейропатии. В настоящем обзоре излагается современный взгляд на основные патоморфологические изменения сетчатки при хроническом повышении внутриглазного давления (ВГД). Проводится анализ структурных изменений различных слоев ретинальной ткани, прежде всего ганглиозных клеток сетчатки при глаукоме. Акцентируется внимание на роли различных патогенетических механизмов в возникновении и прогрессировании дистрофических изменений сетчатки при повышении ВГД. Подчеркивается необходимость в каждом конкретном клиническом случае комплексного анализа структурно-функциональных и гемодинамических показателей, способствующего повышению чувствительности новых методов диагностики глаукомы и оптимизации лечения заболевания.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Glaucoma is one of the most unfavorable neurodegenerative diseases of the eye. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of glaucoma have not been fully studied enough. Thus, for example, the issue of the primacy of damage to the fundus structures in the development of glaucomatous optic neuropathy remains debatable.This review presents a modern view of the main pathomorphological changes in the retina in chronically elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). The analysis of structural changes in various layers of retinal tissue, primarily retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma, is carried out. Attention is focused on the role of various pathogenetic mechanisms in the occurence and progression of dystrophic changes in the retina with an increase of IOP. The need for a comprehensive analysis of structural, functional and hemodynamic parameters in each specific clinical case is emphasized, which helps to increase the sensitivity of new methods for diagnosing glaucoma and optimize the treatment of the disease.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>первичная открытоугольная глаукома</kwd><kwd>оптическая нейроретинопатия</kwd><kwd>сетчатка</kwd><kwd>ганглиозные клетки сетчатки</kwd><kwd>дегенерация</kwd><kwd>апоптоз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>primary open-angle glaucoma</kwd><kwd>optical neuroretinopathy</kwd><kwd>retina</kwd><kwd>retinal ganglion cells</kwd><kwd>degeneration</kwd><kwd>apoptosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Егоров, Е. А., Еричева В. П. Национальное руководство по глаукоме. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2019. С. 3–8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Egorov EA, Astahov YuS, Erichev VP. National guidelines for Glaucoma Eye Care, 3rd edition. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2019;3–8 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tham YC, Li X, Wong TY. Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ophthalmology. 2014;(121):2081–2090. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.05.013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tham YC, Li X, Wong TY. Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ophthalmology. 2014;(121):2081–2090. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.05.013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Косакян С.М., Робустова О.В., Бессмертный А.М., Калинина О.М., Василенкова Л.В. Эффективность и безопасность комбинированной терапии первичной открытоугольной глаукомы. Вестник офтальмологии. 2020;136(5):96–102. doi: 10.17116/oftalma202013605196.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kosakyan  SM, Robustova  OV, Bessmertny  AM, Kalinina  OM, Vasilenkova  LV. Effectiveness and  safety of  drug combination therapy in  patients with advanced primary open-angle glaucoma.  Bulletin of Ophthalmology. 2020;136(5):96–102 (In Russ.). doi: 10.17116/oftalma202013605196.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Курышева Н.И., Арджевнишвили Т.Д., Трубилина А.В. Сравнительное исследование ретробульбарного и ретинального кровотока при первичной глаукоме и ее сочетании с ВМД. Новости глаукомы. 2017;1:69–72.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurysheva NI, Ardgevnishvili TD, Trubilina AV. Comparative study optic and retinal blood flow in primary glaucoma and in its combination with AMD. Glaucoma news 2017;1:69–72 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Страхов В.В., Ярцев А.В., Алексеев В.В., Климова О.Н., Казанова С.Ю., Воронин Н.А. Структурно-функциональные изменения слоев сетчатки при первичной глаукоме и возможные пути ретинопротекции. Вестник офтальмологии. 2019;135(2):70–82. doi: 10.17116/oftalma201913502170.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Strahov VV, Yartsev AV, Alekseev VV, Klimova ON, Kazanova SYu, Voronin NA. Structural and  functional changes in  the  retinal layers in  patients with primary glaucoma and  possible means of  retinoprotection.  Bulletin of Ophthalmology. 2019;135(2):70–82 (In Russ.). doi: 10.17116/oftalma201913502170.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ying H, Yue BY. Optineurin: The autophagy connection. Exp Eye Res. 2016;(144):73–80. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.06.029.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ying H, Yue BY. Optineurin: The autophagy connection. Exp Eye Res. 2016;(144):73–80. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.06.029.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маркелова Е.В., Хохлова А.С., Кириенко А.В., Филина Н.В. Противовоспалительные цитокины и их роль в патогенезе первичной открытоугольной глаукомы. Медицинская иммунология. 2015;17(5):323.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Markelova EV, Khokhlova AS, Kirienko AV, Philina NV. Anti-inflammatory cytokines and their role in the pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma. Medical Immunology. 2015;17(5):323 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Иванова Н.В., Кондратюк Г.И., Ляшенко Н.И. Структурно-функциональные изменения сетчатки при первичной открытоугольной глаукоме. Российский медицинский журнал. Клиническая офтальмология. 2015;2(15):61–64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivanova NV, Kondratyuk GL, Lyashenko NI. Structural and functional changes of a retina in primary open-angle glaucoma.  RMJ. Clinical ophthalmology 2015;2(15):61–64 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Матвеева Н.Ю., Калиниченко С.Г., Едранов С.С. Морфофункциональная характеристика ганглиозных клеток сетчатки и их состояние при открытоугольной форме глаукомы. Тихоокеанский медицинский журнал. 2015;3:6–10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matveeva NYu, Kalinichenko SG, Edranov SS. Morphofunctional parameters of retinal ganglion cells and their features in the openangle glaucoma. Pacific Medical Journal. 2015;3:6–10 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зуева М.В. Динамика гибели ганглиозных клеток сетчатки при глаукоме и ее функциональные маркеры. Национальный журнал глаукома. 2016;1(15):70–85.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zueva MV. Dynamics of retinal ganglion cell death in glaucoma and its functional markers. National Journal glaucoma. 2016;15(1):70–85 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">VanderWall KB, Lu B, Alfaro JS, Allsop AR, Carr AS, Wang S, Meyer JS. Differential susceptibility of retinal ganglion cell subtypes in acute and chronic models of injury and disease. Sci. Rep. 2020;10:17359. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-71460-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">VanderWall KB, Lu B, Alfaro JS, Allsop AR, Carr AS, Wang S, Meyer JS. Differential susceptibility of retinal ganglion cell subtypes in acute and chronic models of injury and disease. Sci. Rep. 2020;10:17359. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-71460-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Perge JA, Nivan JE, Mugnaini E, Balasubramanian V, Sterling P. Why do axons differ in caliber? J Neurosci 2012;32:626–638. doi: 10.1523/jneurosci.4254-11.2012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perge JA, Nivan JE, Mugnaini E, Balasubramanian V, Sterling P. Why do axons differ in caliber? J Neurosci 2012;32:626–638. doi: 10.1523/jneurosci.4254-11.2012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morgan JE. Retina ganglion cell degeneration in glaucoma: an opportunity missed? A review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2012;40:364–368. doi: 10.1111/j.14429071.2012.02789.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morgan JE. Retina ganglion cell degeneration in glaucoma: an opportunity missed? A review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2012;40:364–368. doi: 10.1111/j.14429071.2012.02789.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Della Santina L, Ou Y. Who’s lost first? Susceptibility of retinal ganglion cell types in experimental glaucoma. Exp. Eye Res. 2017;158:43–50. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.06.006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Della Santina L, Ou Y. Who’s lost first? Susceptibility of retinal ganglion cell types in experimental glaucoma.  Exp. Eye Res.  2017;158:43–50. doi:  10.1016/j.exer.2016.06.006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Еричев В.П., Хачатрян Г.К., Хомчик О.В. Современные направления в изучении патогенеза первичной глаукомы. Вестник офтальмологии. 2021;137(5):268–274.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Erichev VP, Hachatryan GK, Homchik OV. Current trends in the study of the pathogenesis of primary glaucoma. Russian Annals of Ophthalmology. 2021;137(5):268274 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">He J, Lu S, Chen L, Tam P, Zhang B, Leung C, Pang C, Tham C, Chu W. Coding Region Mutation Screening in Optineurin in Chinese Normal-Tension Glaucoma Patients. Dis Markers. 2019;5820537. doi: 10.1155/2019/5820537.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">He J, Lu S, Chen L, Tam P, Zhang B, Leung C, Pang C, Tham C, Chu W. Coding Region Mutation Screening in Optineurin in Chinese Normal-Tension Glaucoma Patients. Dis Markers. 2019;5820537. doi: 10.1155/2019/5820537.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen M, Yu X, Xu J, Ma J, Chen X, Chen B, Gu Y, Wang K. Association of gene polymorphisms with primary open-angle glaucoma: a systematic rewiew and metaanalysis. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2019;60(4):1105–1121. doi: 10.1167/iovs.1825922.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen M, Yu X, Xu J, Ma J, Chen X, Chen B, Gu Y, Wang K. Association of gene polymorphisms with primary open-angle glaucoma: a systematic rewiew and metaanalysis. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2019;60(4):1105–1121. doi: 10.1167/iovs.1825922.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Романенко И.А. Генетика глаукомы. Военно-медицинский журнал. 2009;6:46–50.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Romanenko IA. Genetics of glaucoma. Military Medical Journal 2009;6:46–50 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Calkins DJ. Critical pathogenic events underlying progression of neurodegeneration in glaucoma. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2012;31:702–719. doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeress.2012.07.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Calkins DJ. Critical pathogenic events underlying progression of neurodegeneration in glaucoma. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2012;31:702–719. doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeress.2012.07.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jung H, Kim SY, Canbakis Cecen FS, Cho Y, Kwon SK. Dysfunction of Mitochondrial Ca(2+) Regulatory Machineries in Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 2020;8:599792. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.599792.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jung H, Kim SY, Canbakis Cecen FS, Cho Y, Kwon SK. Dysfunction of Mitochondrial Ca(2+) Regulatory Machineries in Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 2020;8:599792. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.599792.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ito YA, Di Polo A. Mitochondrial dynamics, transport, and quality control: A bottleneck for retinal ganglion cell viability in optic neuropathies. Mitochondrion. 2017;36:186–192. doi: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.08.014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ito YA, Di Polo A. Mitochondrial dynamics, transport, and quality control: A bottleneck for retinal ganglion cell viability in optic neuropathies.  Mitochondrion. 2017;36:186–192. doi: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.08.014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reeves TM, Smith TL, Williamson JC, Phillips LL. Unmyelinated axons show selective rostrocaudal pathology in the corpus callosum after traumatic brain injury. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2012;71:198–210. doi: 10.1097/nen.0b013e3182482590.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reeves TM, Smith TL, Williamson JC, Phillips LL. Unmyelinated axons show selective rostrocaudal pathology in the corpus callosum after traumatic brain injury. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2012;71:198–210. doi: 10.1097/nen.0b013e3182482590.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Varnazza S, Tirendi S, Bassi AM, Traverso CE, Sacca SC. Neuroinflammation in primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020;9(10):3172. doi: 10.3390/jcm9103172.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Varnazza S, Tirendi S, Bassi AM, Traverso CE, Sacca SC. Neuroinflammation in primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020;9(10):3172. doi: 10.3390/jcm9103172.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tsai T, Grotegut P, Reinehr S, Joachim SC. Role of Heart Shock Proteins in Glaucoma. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019;20(20):5160. doi: 10.3390/ijms20205160.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsai T, Grotegut P, Reinehr S, Joachim SC. Role of Heart Shock Proteins in Glaucoma. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019;20(20):5160. doi: 10.3390/ijms20205160.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Егоров Е.А., Корелина В.Е., Чередниченко Д.В., Газизова И.Р. Роль нейровоспаления в патогенезе глаукомной оптической нейропатии. Клиническая офтальмология. 2022;22(2):116–121.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Egorov EA, Korelina VE, Cherednichenko DV, Gazizova IR. The role of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2022;22(2):116–121 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fernandez-Albarral JA, Salobrar-Garcia E, Martinez-Paramo R. Retinal glial changes in Alzheimer’s disease — A rewiew. J Ophtalm. 2019;12(3):198–207. doi: 10.1016/j.optom.2018.07.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fernandez-Albarral JA, Salobrar-Garcia E, Martinez-Paramo R. Retinal glial changes in Alzheimer’s disease — A rewiew. J Ophtalm. 2019;12(3):198–207. doi: 10.1016/j.optom.2018.07.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Должиков А.А., Победа А.С., Шевченко О.А. Морфофункциональные изменения сетчатки при моделировании глаукомного процесса у крыс. Научные результаты биомедицинских исследований. 2020;6(4):503–514. doi: 10.18413/2658-6533-2020-6-4-0-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dolzhikov AA, Pobeda AS, Shevchenko OA. Morphofunctional changes in the retina. Research Results in Biomedicine. 2020;6(4):503–514 (In Russ.). doi: 10.18413/2658-6533-2020-6-4-0-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Hook MJ, Monaco C, Bierlein ER, Smith JC. Neuronal and Synaptic Plasticity in the Visual Thalamus in Mouse Models of Glaucoma. Front. Cell. Neurosci. 2021;14:626056. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2020.626056.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Hook MJ, Monaco C, Bierlein ER, Smith JC. Neuronal and Synaptic Plasticity in the Visual Thalamus in Mouse Models of Glaucoma. Front. Cell. Neurosci. 2021;14:626056. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2020.626056.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">El-Danaf R, Huberman AD. Characteristic patterns of dendritic remodeling in early-stage glaucoma: evidence from genetically identified retinal ganglion cell types. J Neurosci 2015;35(6):2329–2343. doi: 10.1523/jneurosci.1419-14.2015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">El-Danaf R, Huberman AD. Characteristic patterns of dendritic remodeling in early-stage glaucoma: evidence from genetically identified retinal ganglion cell types. J Neurosci 2015;35(6):2329–2343. doi: 10.1523/jneurosci.1419-14.2015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berry RH, Qu J, John SW, Howell GR, Jakobs TC. Synapse loss and dendrite remodeling in a mouse model of glaucoma. PLoS One 2015;10(12):e0144341. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144341. eCollection 2015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berry RH, Qu J, John SW, Howell GR, Jakobs TC. Synapse loss and dendrite remodeling in a mouse model of glaucoma. PLoS One 2015;10(12):e0144341. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144341. eCollection 2015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen Q, Huang S, Ma Q, Lin H, Pan M, Liu X, Lu F, Shen M. Ultra-high resolution profiles of macular intra-retinal layer thicknesses and associations with visual field defects in primary open angle glaucoma. Sci Rep. 2017;7:41100. doi: 10.1038/srep41100.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen Q, Huang S, Ma Q, Lin H, Pan M, Liu X, Lu F, Shen M. Ultra-high resolution profiles of macular intra-retinal layer thicknesses and associations with visual field defects in primary open angle glaucoma. Sci Rep. 2017;7:41100. doi: 10.1038/srep41100.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Курышева Н.И., Киселева Т.Н., Арджевнишвили Т.Д. и др. Хориоидея при глаукоме: результаты исследования методом оптической когерентной томографии. Глаукома. 2013;10(3-2):73–82. doi: 10.18008/18165095-2013-4-26-31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurysheva NI, Kiseleva TN, Ardgevnishvili TD, et al. Choroidal thickness in primary angle-closure glaucoma: the results of Measurement by Means of Optical Coherence Tomography. J. Glaucoma. 2013;10(3-2):73–82 (In Russ.). doi: 10.18008/18165095-2013-4-26-31.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang X, Dastiridou A, Francis BA. Baseline Fourier-Domain OCT Structural Risk Factors for Visual Field Progression in the Advanced Imaging for Glaucoma Study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2016;172:94–103. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2016.09.015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang X, Dastiridou A, Francis BA. Baseline Fourier-Domain OCT Structural Risk Factors for Visual Field Progression in the Advanced Imaging for Glaucoma Study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2016;172:94–103. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2016.09.015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weinreb NR, Bowd C, Moghimi S, Tafreshi A, Rausch S, Zangwill LM. Ophthalmic Diagnostic Imaging: Glaucoma. High Resolution Imaging in Microscopy and Ophthalmology: New Frontiers in Biomedical Optics [Internet]. 2019. doi: 10.1007/9783-030-16638-0_5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weinreb NR, Bowd C, Moghimi S, Tafreshi A, Rausch S, Zangwill LM. Ophthalmic Diagnostic Imaging: Glaucoma. High Resolution Imaging in Microscopy and Ophthalmology: New Frontiers in Biomedical Optics [Internet]. 2019. doi: 10.1007/9783-030-16638-0_5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Курышева Н.И. Роль нарушений ретинальной микроиркуляции в прогрессировании глаукомной оптиконейропатии. Вестник офтальмологии. 2020;136(4):57–65.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurysheva NI. The role of retinal microcirculation disorders in the progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Russian Annals of Ophthalmology. 2020;136(4):57–65 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kurysheva N.I., Maslova E.V., Zolnikova I.V., Fomin A.V., Lagutin M.B. A comparative study of structural, functional and circulatory parameters in glaucoma diagnostics. PLoS ONE;2018:13(8).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurysheva N.I., Maslova E.V., Zolnikova I.V., Fomin A.V., Lagutin M.B. A comparative study of structural, functional and circulatory parameters in glaucoma diagnostics. PLoS ONE;2018:13(8).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kurysheva N.I. Does OCT Angiography of Macula Play a Role in Glaucoma Diagnostics? Ophthalmol Open J. 2016;2(1):1–11. doi: 10.17140/OOJ-2-107.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurysheva N.I. Does OCT Angiography of Macula Play a Role in Glaucoma Diagnostics? Ophthalmol Open J. 2016;2(1):1–11. doi: 10.17140/OOJ-2-107.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kurysheva NI, Shatalova EO. Parafoveal vessel Density Dropout May Predict Glaucoma Progression in The Long-Term Follow Up. Journal of Ophthalmology and Research. 2022:5:150–166.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurysheva NI, Shatalova EO. Parafoveal vessel Density Dropout May Predict Glaucoma Progression in The Long-Term Follow Up. Journal of Ophthalmology and Research. 2022:5:150–166.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kurysheva NI, Ryabova TY, Shlapak VN. Heart rate variability: the comparison between high tension and normal tension glaucoma. EPMA Journal. 2018;9:35–45. doi: 10.1007/s13167-017-0124-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurysheva NI, Ryabova TY, Shlapak VN. Heart rate variability: the comparison between high tension and normal tension glaucoma. EPMA Journal. 2018;9:35–45. doi: 10.1007/s13167-017-0124-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Глазко Н.Г., Егоров А.Е. Анализ состояния микроциркуляторного русла центральной зоны сетчатки у больных глаукомой при проведении нейроретинопротекторной терапии. Клиническая офтальмология. 2021;1(21):3–8. doi: 10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-1-3-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glazko NG, Egorov AE. Analysis of central retinal microcirculation in glaucoma after neuroretinoprotective treatment. RMJ. Clinical Ophthalmologi 2021;1(21):3–8 (In Russ.). doi: 10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-1-3-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aghaei Fard M, Ritch R. Optical coherence tomography angiography in glaucoma. Ann Transl Med. 2020;8(18):1204. doi: 10.21037/atm-20-2828.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aghaei Fard M, Ritch R. Optical coherence tomography angiography in glaucoma. Ann Transl Med. 2020;8(18):1204. doi: 10.21037/atm-20-2828.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim JS, Kim YK, Baek SU. Topographic correlation between macular superficial microvessel density and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness in glaucomasuspect and early normal-tension glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 2020;104(1):104–109. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-313732.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim JS, Kim YK, Baek SU. Topographic correlation between macular superficial microvessel density and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness in glaucomasuspect and early normal-tension glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 2020;104(1):104–109. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-313732.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hou H, Moghimi S, Zangwill LL. Macula Vessel Density and Thikness in Early Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 2019;199:120–132. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2018.11.012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hou H, Moghimi S, Zangwill LL. Macula Vessel Density and Thikness in Early Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 2019;199:120–132. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2018.11.012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Курышева Н.И., Маслова Е.В., Трубилина А.В. Снижение перипапиллярного кровотока как фактор развития и прогрессирования первичной открытоугольной глаукомы. Российский офтальмологический журнал. 2016;3:34–41.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurysheva NI, Maslova EV, Trubilina AV. Decreased peripapillary blood flow as a factor in the development and progression of primary open-angle glaucoma. Russian Ophthalmological Journal. 2016;3:34–41 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жукова С.И., Юрьева Т.И., Помкина И.В., Грищук А.С. Особенности хориоретинального кровотока у больных с открытоугольной глаукомой. Сибирский научный медицинский журнал. 2018;38(5):38–44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhukova SI, Yurjeva TI, Pomkina IV, Grishuk AS. Features of chorioretinal blood flow in patients with open angle-glaucoma. Siberian Scientific Medical Journal. 2018;38(5):38–44 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жукова С.И., Юрьева Т.Н., Микова О.И., Самсонов Д.Ю., Григорьева А.В., Пятова Ю.С. ОКТ-ангиография в оценке хориоретинального кровотока при колебании внутриглазного давления у больных первичной открытоугольной глаукомой. Клиническая офтальмология. 2016;16(3):98–103.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhukova SI, Mikova OI, Samsonov DYu, Grigorjeva AV, Pyatova YuS. OKT angiography in the assessment of chorioretinal blood flow with fluctuations in intraocular pressure in patients with primary open angle-glaucoma. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2016;16(3):98–10 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pelligrini M, Vagge A, Ferro Desideri LF, et al. Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Neurodegenerative disorders. J Clin Med. 2020;9(6):1706. doi: 10.3390/jcm9061706.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pelligrini M, Vagge A, Ferro Desideri LF, et al. Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Neurodegenerative disorders. J Clin Med. 2020;9(6):1706. doi: 10.3390/jcm9061706.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бгатова Н.П., Обанина Н.А., Еремина А.В., Трунов А.Н., Черных В.В. Структура сосудистого русла и интерстиция сетчатки глаза человека при терминальной стадии первичной открытоугольной глаукомы. Российский офтальмологический журнал. 2022;15(2):121–128. doi: 10.21516/2072-0076-2022-15-2-supplement-121-128.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bgatova NP, Obanina NA, Eremina AV, Trunov AN, Chernykh VV. The structure of human retinal vasculature and interstitium in the terminal stage of primary openangle glaucoma. Russian Ophthalmological Journal 2022;15(2):121–128 (In Russ.). doi: 10.21516/2072-0076-2022-15-2-supplement-121-128.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shiihara H, Terasaki H, Sonoda S. Objective evaluation of size and shape of superficial foveal avascular zone in normal subjects by optical coherence tomography angiography. Sci rep. 2018;8(1):10143. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-28530-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shiihara H, Terasaki H, Sonoda S. Objective evaluation of size and shape of superficial foveal avascular zone in normal subjects by optical coherence tomography angiography. Sci rep. 2018;8(1):10143. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-28530-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kwon G, Сhoi G, Shin GW. Alterations of the Foveal Avascular Zone Measured by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Glaucoma Patients with Central Visual Field Defects. Invest Ophthalmol with Sci. 2017;58(3):1637–1645. doi: 10.1167/iovs.16-21079.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kwon G, Сhoi G, Shin GW. Alterations of the Foveal Avascular Zone Measured by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Glaucoma Patients with Central Visual Field Defects. Invest Ophthalmol with Sci. 2017;58(3):1637–1645. doi: 10.1167/iovs.16-21079.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
