<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2024-3-623-628</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-2445</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HEALTH CARE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности развития анатомо-оптических сред глаз у детей Туркменистана</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of the Development of Anatomical and Optical Eye Media in Children of Turkmenistan</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Амансахатов</surname><given-names>Ш. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Amansakhatov</surname><given-names>Sh. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Амансахатов Шамурат Амансахатович - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член‑корреспондент Академии наук Туркменистана.</p><p>Ул. 1970, 21, Ашхабад, 744000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Amansakhatov Shamurat A. - MD, professor, Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of Turkmenistan.</p><p>1970 str., 21, Ashgabat, 744000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чарыева</surname><given-names>Г. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Charyeva</surname><given-names>G. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чарыева Гульджемал Мамметбердыевна - врач отдела детской офтальмологии</p><p>Ул. 1970, 21, Ашхабад, 744000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Charyeva Guljemal M. - ophthalmologist of the Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology.</p><p>1970 str., 21, Ashgabat, 744000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Международный центр лечения глазных болезней при Дирекции международных медицинских центров</institution><country>Туркменистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>International Center for the Treatment of Eye Diseases under the Directorate of International Medical Centers</institution><country>Turkmenistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>623</fpage><lpage>628</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Амансахатов Ш.А., Чарыева Г.М., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Амансахатов Ш.А., Чарыева Г.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Amansakhatov S.A., Charyeva G.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/2445">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/2445</self-uri><abstract><p>Одной из основных причин слабовидения у детей являются нарушения зрения (миопия, гиперметропия, астигматизм), которые связаны с рефракцией и влияют на зрительную работоспособность и школьную успеваемость детей, при этом негативное влияние оказывают и нарушения бинокулярного зрения.</p><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: изучить особенности развития отдельных структур глаза у детей дошкольного и школьного возраста. Обследованы 5896 здоровых детей (11 582 глаза) дошкольного и школьного возрас та (1–14 лет). Всем детям проводилось комплексное клинико-инструментальное офтальмологическое обследование, которое включало визометрию, биомикроскопию, рефрактометрию, офтальмоскопию, тонометрию, пахиметрию, ультразвуковую биометрию и офтальмометрию.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В результате исследования изучена динамика развития глаз у детей в зависимости от возраста, показано, что отчетливо меняются параметры глаза, при этом рост глазного яблока заканчивается к 14 годам. Установлено, что у детей от 1 года до 14 лет зрение, рефракция, длина переднезадней оси, толщина хрусталика, глубина передней камеры и объем стекловидного тела достоверно повышаются.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные данные позволяют понять динамику развития глазного яблока у детей дошкольного возраста и помогут в прогнозировании возникновения различных видов патологии и их предупреждения. Проведенные исследования выявили некоторые отличия анатомо-оптических сред глаз у детей Туркменистана, климатические условия которого эволюционно привели к развитию адаптационного механизма, определившего соответствующие параметры органа зрения и этническую особенность. На основании большого количества исследований установлены конкретные размеры анатомо-оптических сред глаза у детей Туркменистана.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>One of the main causes of visual impairment in children is visual impairment (myopia, hypermetropia, astigmatism), which are associated with refraction, and affect visual performance and school performance of children, as well as have a negative impact of binocular vision disorders.</p><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose: To study the peculiarities of the development of individual eye structures in preschool and school-age children.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. 5896 children (11 582 eyes) of preschool and school age (1–14 years old) were examined. Healthy children were examined. All children underwent a comprehensive clinical and instrumental ophthalmological examination, which included: visometry, biomicroscopy, refractometry, ophthalmoscopy, tonometry, pachymetry, ultrasound biometry and ophthalmometry.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. As a result of the study, the dynamics of eye development in children was studied depending on age, the eye parameters, clearly change and the growth of the eyeball ends by the age of 14. It was found that in children aged from 1 to 14 years vision, refraction, anterior-posterior axis length, lens thickness, anterior chamber depth and vitreous volume significantly increased, and accurate indicators were obtained.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The data obtained make it possible to understand the dynamics of the development of the eyeball in preschool children and help in predicting the occurrence of various pathologies and their prevention. The conducted studies have shown some differences in the anatomical and optical environments of the eyes in children of Turkmenistan, whose climatic conditions in evolution led to the development of an adaptive mechanism that determined the corresponding parameters of the organ of vision and its ethnic peculiarity. Based on a large number of studies (5896 children), specific sizes of anatomical and optical eye media in children of Turkmenistan have been established.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ПЗО</kwd><kwd>толщина роговицы</kwd><kwd>передняя камера</kwd><kwd>толщина хрусталика</kwd><kwd>объем стекловидного тела</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>AL</kwd><kwd>corneal thickness</kwd><kwd>anterior chamber</kwd><kwd>lens thickness</kwd><kwd>vitreous volume</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексина ИЛ, Чечельницкая СМ, Демьянова ТГ. Заболевания глаз и успеваемость детей в школе. Детская больница. 2010;1:45–48.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aleksina IL, Chechelnitskaya SM, Demyanova TG. Eye diseases and children’s school performance. Children Hospital. 2010;1:45–48 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roch‑Levecq A, Brody BL, Thomas RG, Brown SI. Ametropia, Preschoolers’ Cognitive Abilities, and Effects of Spectacle Correction. Arch Ophthalmol. 2008;126(2):252–258. doi: 10.1001/archophthalmol.2007.36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roch‑Levecq A, Brody BL, Thomas RG, Brown SI. Ametropia, Preschoolers’ Cognitive Abilities, and Effects of Spectacle Correction. Arch Ophthalmol. 2008;126(2):252–258. doi: 10.1001/archophthalmol.2007.36.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Красильникова ВЛ. Структура глазной патологии среди детского населения Республики Беларусь. Офтальмология. Восточная Европа. 2012;3:105–109.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krasilnikova VL. The structure of eye pathology among the child population of the Republic of Belarus. Ophthalmology. Eastern Europe. 2012;3:105–109 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Williams WR, Latif AH, Hannington L, Watkins DR. Hyperopia and educational attainment in a primary school cohort. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 2005;90:150–153. doi: 10.1136/adc.2003.046755.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Williams WR, Latif AH, Hannington L, Watkins DR. Hyperopia and educational attainment in a primary school cohort. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 2005;90:150–153. doi: 10.1136/adc.2003.046755.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аветисов ЭС. Близорукость. М.: Медицина, 1999. 288 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Avetisov ES. Myopia. Moscow: Medicine, 1999. 288 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аветисов СЭ, Кащенко ТП, Шамшинова АМ, Шаповалов СЛ, Корнюшина ТА, ред. Аккомодационная способность глаза. Зрительные функции и их коррекция у детей. М.: Медицина; 2005. C. 93–119.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Avetisov SE, Kashchenko TP, Shamshinova AM, Shapovalov SL, Kornyushina TA, eds. The accommodative ability of the eye. Visual functions and their correction in children. Moscow: Medicine; 2005. P. 93–119 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Проскурина ОВ. Развитие рефракции в детском возрасте. Вестник офтальмологии. 2003;6:51–54.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Proskurina OV. Development of refraction in the childhood. Аnnals of ophthalmology. 2003;6:51–54 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аветисов СЭ, Егоров ЕА, Мошетова ЛК, Нероев ВВ, Тахчиди ХП, ред. Офтальмология. Национальное руководство. Краткое издание. М.: ГЭОТАР‑Медиа; 2019. С. 38–52.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Avetisov SE, Egorov EA, Moshetova LK, Neroev VV, Takhchidi KhP, eds. Ophthalmology. National guideline. Short edition. Moscow: GEOTAR‑Media; 2019. P. 38–52 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сомов ЕЕ, Сомов ЕЕ, ред. Офтальмопатология детского возраста. СПб.: Человек; 2019. C. 38–48.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Somov EE, Somov EE, ed. S. Peterburg: Chelovek; Ophthalmopathology of childhood. Saint‑Peterburg: Man; 2019. P. 38–48 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Проскурина ОВ, Голубев СЮ, Маркова ЕЮ. Исследование аккомодации, возрастные нормы. Аккомодация: Руководство для врачей. М., 2012. C. 40–49.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Proskurina OV, Golubev SYu, Markova EYu. Accommodation study, age norms. Accommodation: A Guide for Doctors. Moscow, 2012. P. 40–49 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McBrien NA, Cornell LM, Gentle A. Structural and ultrastructural changes to the sclera in a mammalian model of high myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2001;42(10):2179–2187.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McBrien NA, Cornell LM, Gentle A. Structural and ultrastructural changes to the sclera in a mammalian model of high myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2001;42(10):2179–2187.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hardman SJ, Rabinstein MP, Snead MP, Haworth SM. Pseudophakic accomodacion? A study of the stability of capsular bag supported, one piece rigid, or soft flexible implants. Br J Opthalmol. 1990;74:229–235. doi: 10.1136/bjo.74.1.22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hardman SJ, Rabinstein MP, Snead MP, Haworth SM. Pseudophakic accomodacion? A study of the stability of capsular bag supported, one piece rigid, or soft flexible implants. Br J Opthalmol. 1990;74:229–235. doi: 10.1136/bjo.74.1.22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muir KW, Jin J, Freedman SF. Central corneal thickness and its relationship to intraocular pressure in children. Ophthalmology 2004;111:2220–2223. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2004.06.020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muir KW, Jin J, Freedman SF. Central corneal thickness and its relationship to intraocular pressure in children. Ophthalmology 2004;111:2220–2223. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2004.06.020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marcos S. Aberrometry: basic science and clinical applications. Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol. 2006;302:197–213.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marcos S. Aberrometry: basic science and clinical applications. Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol. 2006;302:197–213.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wildsoet C, Wallman J. Choroidal and scleral mechanisms of compensation for spectacle lenses in chicks. Vision Res 1995;35:1175–1194. doi: 10.1016/0042‑6989(94)00233‑c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wildsoet C, Wallman J. Choroidal and scleral mechanisms of compensation for spectacle lenses in chicks. Vision Res 1995;35:1175–1194. doi: 10.1016/0042‑6989(94)00233‑c.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Амансахатов ША, Дурдымамедов Х. Фоторефракционная кератэктомия в лечении близорукости различной степени. Офтальмохирургия; 1999;4:15–19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amansakhatov ShA, Durdymamedov H. Photorefractive keratectomy in the treatment of myopia of varying degrees. Ophthalmic surgery; 1999;4:15–19.(In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Амансахатов ША, Чарыева ГМ. Особенности развития глаз у детей по возрастам. Наука и техника в Туркменистане (в печати).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amansakhatov ShA, Charyeva GM. Features of eye development in children by age. Science and technology in Turkmenistan (in press).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чарыева ГМ. Динамика развития анатомического строения глаз у детей дошкольного возраста. Здравоохранение Туркменистана; 2023;2:27–30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Charyeva GM. Dynamics of development of the anatomical structure of the eyes in preschool children. Healthcare of Turkmenistan; 2023;2:27–30 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Цыбульская ТЕ. Сравнительная характеристика морфометрических, биометрических и биомеханических параметров миопических глаз у детей с разными видами прогрессирующей близорукости. Запорожский медицинский журнал. 2014;86(5):70–73.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsybulskaya TE. Comparative characteristics of morphometric, biometric and biomechanical parameters of myopic eyes in children with different types of progressive myopia. Zaporizhzhya Medical Journal. 2014;86(5):70–73.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хамраева ЛС, Нарзуллаева ДУ. Факторы, влияющие на целевую рефракцию у детей при артифакии после экстракции врожденной катаракты. Вестник офтальмологии. 2020;136(3):93–99. doi: 10.17116/oftalma202013603193.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khamraeva LS, Narzullaeva DU. Factors influencing target refraction in children with pseudophakia after extraction of congenital cataract. Annales of Ophthalmology. 2020;136(3):93–99 (In Russ.). doi: 10.17116/oftalma202013603193.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gul A, Cinal A, Caglar C, Yasar T, Kilic A. Comparing biometry in normal eyes of children with unilateral cataract/corneal disease to age‑matched controls. Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology. 2016;7(2):108–116. doi: 10.3126/nepjoph.v7i2.14959.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gul A, Cinal A, Caglar C, Yasar T, Kilic A. Comparing biometry in normal eyes of children with unilateral cataract/corneal disease to age‑matched controls. Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology. 2016;7(2):108–116. doi: 10.3126/nepjoph.v7i2.14959.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
