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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2024-4-824-830</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-2513</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ ОФТАЛЬМОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SOCIAL OPHTHALMOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинические аспекты офтальмологического обследования населения, подвергшегося хроническому радиационному воздействию на Южном Урале (2021–2023 гг.)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical Aspects of Ophthalmological Examination of the Population Exposed to Chronic Radiation Exposure in the South Urals (2021–2023)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6269-5114</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Микрюкова</surname><given-names>Л. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikryukova</surname><given-names>L. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Микрюкова Людмила Дмитриевна, кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник эпидемиологической лаборатории</p><p>ул. Воровского, 69а, г. Челябинск, 454141</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikryukova Lyudmila D., PhD, Senior Researcher of Epidemiological Laboratory</p><p>Vorovsky str., 68A, Chelyabinsk, 454141</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mikludm@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Уральский научно-практический центр радиационной медицины» Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>824</fpage><lpage>830</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Микрюкова Л.Д., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Микрюкова Л.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mikryukova L.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/2513">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/2513</self-uri><abstract><p>Данная работа, посвященная уточнению особенностей глазной патологии у лиц, подвергшихся хроническому радиационному воздействию, основывается на длительном опыте Уральского научно-практического центра радиационной медицины (УНПЦ РМ) по проведению мониторинга за состоянием здоровья населения и оценки отдаленных последствий облучения населения Южного Урала. Причинами облучения населения пострадавших территорий были сбросы ПО «Маяк» радиоактивных отходов в реку Течу и взрыв емкости с высокоактивными жидкими отходами в 1957 году.</p><p>Цель исследования — описательный анализ глазной патологии у облученных пациентов по результатам углубленного обследования в 2021–2023 гг.</p><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. В исследование были взяты данные пациентов из регистра облученных УНПЦ РМ, осмотренных офтальмологом в 2021–2023 гг. (всего 1288 человек). Ко всем обследованным применялась единая методика углубленного офтальмологического осмотра с фотофиксацией помутнений хрусталика.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. По итогам проведенного обследования было установлено, что самой частой патологией среди офтальмологических заболеваний у лиц, подвергшихся хроническому радиационному воздействию, является сосудистая патология, патология рефракции. Заболеваемость катарактой увеличивается с возрастом и составляет 100 % в самой старшей возрастной группе. Число случаев катаракты у женщин было больше, повозрастное распределение случаев примерно одинаковое у мужчин и у женщин. По результатам проведенного офтальмологического обследования с рассмотрением послойных изменений хрусталика было установлено, что наиболее часто изменения в хрусталике начинаются с корковых помутнений. В возрасте от 70 и старше изменения в хрусталике затрагивают все слои и становятся более равномерными. Изменения в ядре и задней капсуле хрусталика прогрессируют по мере старения пациентов.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Проведенная работа может иметь хороший потенциал использования будущих результатов исследования для оценки норм радиационной защиты населения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This work is devoted to clarification of the peculiarities of ocular pathology in persons exposed to chronic radiation exposure and based on the long-term experience of the Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine (URCRM) in monitoring the health of the population and assessing the long-term consequences of exposure of the population of the Southern Urals. The population of the affected territories was exposed due to the discharge of radioactive waste into the Techa River by the Mayak PA and the explosion of a tank with high-level liquid waste in 1957. The objective of the study was to perform a descriptive analysis of the ocular pathology in exposed patients based on in-depth examination during 2021–2023.</p><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. The study included patients from the URCRM registry of exposed patients, examined by an ophthalmologist during 2021–2023 (1288 people in total). A single method of in-depth ophthalmological examination with photofixation of lens opacities was applied to all examined patients.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. According to the results of the survey, the most frequent pathology among ophthalmological diseases in persons exposed to chronic radiation exposure is vascular pathology, refractive pathology. The incidence of cataract increases with age and is 100 % in the oldest age group. The number of cataract cases is higher in women, and the age distribution of cases is approximately the same in men and women. Based on the results of ophthalmological examination with consideration of layer-by-layer changes in the lens, the most common changes in the lens begin with cortical opacities. At the age of 70 and older, changes in the crystalline lens affect all layers and become more uniform Changes in the nucleus and posterior capsule of the lens progress as patients age.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The performed work may have a good potential to use future research results for the assessment of radiation protection standards for the public.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ионизирующее излучение</kwd><kwd>население</kwd><kwd>заболевания глаз</kwd><kwd>хрусталик</kwd><kwd>малые дозы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ionizing radiation</kwd><kwd>population</kwd><kwd>eye diseases</kwd><kwd>lens</kwd><kwd>low doses</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках реализации Федеральной целевой программы «Обеспечение ядерной и радиационной безопасности на 2016–2020 годы и на период до 2030 года».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Тhe work was carried out within the framework of the implementation of the Federal Target Program “Ensuring nuclear and radiation safety for 2016–2020 and for the period up to 2030”</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Медикобиологические и экологические последствия радиоактивного загрязнения реки Теча. 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