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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2015-3-4-11</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-253</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Посткератопластическая глаукома</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Post-keratoplasty glaucoma</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маложен</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malozhen</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Труфанов</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trufanov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петров</surname><given-names>С. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrov</surname><given-names>S. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">glaucomatosis@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение Научно-исследовательский институт глазных болезней, Россолимо, д.11A,Б, 119021, Москва, Российская Федерация</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 11A,B, Rossolimo St., 119021 Moscow, Russian federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>11</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Маложен С.А., Труфанов С.В., Петров С.Ю., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Маложен С.А., Труфанов С.В., Петров С.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Malozhen S.A., Trufanov S.V., Petrov S.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/253">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/253</self-uri><abstract><p>Посткератопластическая глаукома остается одной из ведущих причин потери зрения вследствие гибели волокон зрительного нерва и необратимого помутнения донорского лоскута и представляет серьезную проблему из‑за диагностической сложности, трудности подбора адекватной терапии и упорного течения. В обзоре проанализированы такие ведущие предоперационные факторы риска развития посткератопластической глаукомы, как наличие ранее диагностированной глаукомы, различная патология роговицы, по поводу которой выполняли кератопластику, а также состояние хрусталика. Оценено значение интраоперационных ошибок, в определенной степени способствующих повышению офтальмотонуса после вмешательства: чрезмерное затягивание швов, применение трепана большого диаметра, большая длина каждого стежка, увеличенная толщина роговицы на периферии и несоответствие диаметра донорского лоскута ложу реципиента. Среди послеоперационных причин развития глаукомы в обзоре особое внимание уделено роли периферических передних синехий, применению стероидных препаратов, а также ошибкам тонометрии после глубокой передней послойной кератопластики. Описаны особенности диагностики посткератопластической глаукомы в условиях недостаточной прозрачности оптических сред, при наличии выраженного астигматизма в послеоперационном периоде и отеке трансплантата, что существенно снижает достоверность стандартной тонометрии. Указана роль различных тонометров и степень достоверности полученных от них параметров после кератопластики. В настоящее время офтальмологам доступны самые разные методы лечения глаукомы — медикаментозные препараты, лазерная и фильтрующая хирургия, операции с использованием дренажей и циклодеструктивные процедуры. При повышении офтальмотонуса после пересадки роговицы принято сначала осуществлять медикаментознуюкоррекцию. В обзоре приведена эволюция подходов к гипотензивной терапии посткератопластической глаукомы, а также современные схемы лечения, их преимущества и офтальмологические осложнения. При неэффективности медикаментозной терапии с конца прошлого века офтальмологи прибегали к лазерной трабекулопластике. Невозможность проведения лазерных процедур или их недостаточный гипотензивный эффект являются показанием к хирургической коррекции при повышенном офтальмотонусе. Ряд специалистов отдает предпочтение синустрабекулэктомии с интра- или послеоперационным применением цитостатических препаратов. Наиболее распространенными вмешательствами признаны фистулизирующие операции с имплантацией различных дренажных систем. Определенным дополнением к хирургическому лечению при его недостаточной эффективности является транссклеральная лазерная циклодеструкция.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Post-keratoplasty glaucoma (PKG) remains one of the leading causes of blindness due to the loss of optic nerve fibers and irreversible graft opacification. PKG is a challenge due to diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties and recalcitrant course. This paper reviews main pre-operative PKG risk factors such as pre-existing glaucoma, corneal disorders for which keratoplasty is performed, and lens status. Intraoperative errors that caused by ocular hypertension (tight suturing, larger trephine sizes, long bites of individual sutures, increased peripheral corneal thickness and graft-host disparity) are evaluated. Peripheral anterior synechiae, steroid use, and tonometry errors after deep anterior lamellar keraplasty are amongst post-operative causes of PKG. Partial transparency optical media, high post-operative astigmatism and graft edema make standard tonometry unreliable. Various tonometers and measurement reliability after keratoplasty are discussed. Currently, multiple treatment options including medications, laser and filtering surgery, glaucoma drainage devices and cyclodestructive procedures are available. In most cases of PKG, medications are initially prescribed. Evolution of approaches to PKG treatment as well as current therapy schedules, their advantages and ophthalmic complications are discussed. In cases non-responsive to medications, laser trabeculoplasty is performed. If laser procedures cannot be performed of their hypotensive effect is insufficient, glaucoma surgery is advised. A number of specialists prefer trabeculectomy with intra- or post-operative cytostatic adjunct. Glaucoma surgery with various drainage device implantation prevails. Ineffective surgery can be enhanced with transscleral laser cyclophotocoagulation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>глаукома</kwd><kwd>внутриглазное давление</kwd><kwd>кератопластика</kwd><kwd>операционные осложнения</kwd><kwd>цитостатики</kwd><kwd>синустрабекулэктомия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>glaucoma</kwd><kwd>intraocular pressure</kwd><kwd>keratoplasty</kwd><kwd>operative complications</kwd><kwd>cytostatics</kwd><kwd>sinustrabekulektomiya</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Irvine A. R., Kaufman H. E. Intraocular pressure following penetrating keratoplasty. American journal of ophthalmology 1969; 68 (5): 835‑844.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Irvine A. R., Kaufman H. E. Intraocular pressure following penetrating keratoplasty. 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