ophthalmologyОфтальмологияOphthalmology in Russia1816-50952500-0845Ophthalmology10.18008/1816-5095-2025-2-251-264ophthalmology-2645Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSСовременные возможности и перспективы нейропротекторной терапии при глаукоме. Обзор литературы. Часть 2Current Opportunities and Future Prospects of Neuroprotective Therapy in Glaucoma. Literature Review. Part 2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2265-6671КурышеваН. И.KuryshevaN. I.

Курышева Наталия Ивановна доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой,  руководитель консультативно‑диагностического отдела

ул. Живописная, 46/8, Москва, 123098

ул. Гамалеи, 15, Москва, 123098

Kurysheva Natalia I. PhD, MD, Professor, head of the Ophthalmology Department,  head of the Consultative and Diagnostic Department 

Zhivopisnaya str., 46/8, Moscow, 123098

Gamalei str., 15, Moscow, 123098

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4435-8114КорнееваА. В.KorneevaA. V.

Корнеева Алина Владимировна врач‑офтальмолог, кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры

ул. Живописная, 46/8, Москва, 123098

ул. Гамалеи, 15, Москва, 123098

Korneeva Alina V. ophthalmologist, PhD, department assistant 

Zhivopisnaya str., 46/8, Moscow, 123098

Gamalei str., 15, Moscow, 123098

oct-angio@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4608-0136ПономареваС. И.PonomarevaS. I.

Пономарева Саина Иннокентьевна врач‑офтальмолог

ул. Гамалеи, 15, Москва, 123098

Ponomareva Saina I. ophthalmologist

Gamalei str., 15, Moscow, 123098

https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9171-1955ПлиеваХ. М.PlievaH. M.

Плиева Хава Магомедовна врач‑офтальмолог, ассистент кафедры

ул. Живописная, 46/8, Москва, 123098

ул. Гамалеи, 15, Москва, 123098

Plieva Hava M. ophthalmologist, department assistant

Zhivopisnaya str., 46/8, Moscow, 123098

Gamalei str., 15, Moscow, 123098

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8400-2817КимВ. Е.KimV. E.

Ким Валерия Енгировна врач‑офтальмолог, ассистент кафедр

ул. Живописная, 46/8, Москва, 123098

ул. Гамалеи, 15, Москва, 123098

Kim Valeriya E. ophthalmologist, department assistant 

Zhivopisnaya str., 46/8, Moscow, 123098

Gamalei str., 15, Moscow, 123098

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7575-5043КимИ. Д.KimI. D.

Ким Игорь Дмитриевич врач‑офтальмолог, ассистент кафедры

ул. Живописная, 46/8, Москва, 123098

ул. Гамалеи, 15, Москва, 123098

Kim Igor D. ophthalmologist, department assistant 

Zhivopisnaya str., 46/8, Moscow, 123098

Gamalei str., 15, Moscow, 123098

https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8802-1794ЧеботареваМ. В.ChebotarevaM. V.

Чеботарева Мария Владимировна врач‑ординатор

ул. Живописная, 46/8, Москва, 123098

Chebotareva Maria V. resident physician 

Zhivopisnaya str., 46/8, Moscow, 123098

Медико-биологический университет инноваций и непрерывного образования ФБГУ «Государственный научный центр — Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр имени А.И. Бурназяна» Федерального медико-биологического агентства; Центр офтальмологии Федерального медико-биологического агентстваРоссияMedical Biological University of Innovations and Continuing Education, Burnazyan Federal Biophysical Center, Federal Medical and Biological Agency; Ophthalmological Center, Burnazyan Federal Biophysical Center, Federal Medical and Biological AgencyRussian FederationЦентр офтальмологии Федерального медико-биологического агентстваРоссияOphthalmological Center, Burnazyan Federal Biophysical Center, Federal Medical and Biological AgencyRussian FederationМедико-биологический университет инноваций и непрерывного образования ФБГУ «Государственный научный центр — Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр имени А.И. Бурназяна» Федерального медико-биологического агентстваРоссияMedical Biological University of Innovations and Continuing Education, Burnazyan Federal Biophysical Center, Federal Medical and Biological AgencyRussian Federation202527062025222251264Copyright © Курышева Н.И., Корнеева А.В., Пономарева С.И., Плиева Х.М., Ким В.Е., Ким И.Д., Чеботарева М.В., 20252025Курышева Н.И., Корнеева А.В., Пономарева С.И., Плиева Х.М., Ким В.Е., Ким И.Д., Чеботарева М.В.Kurysheva N.I., Korneeva A.V., Ponomareva S.I., Plieva H.M., Kim V.E., Kim I.D., Chebotareva M.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/2645

Данный литературный обзор посвящен одной из наиболее сложных проблем офтальмологии — нейропротекторному и нейрорегенераторному лечению глаукомы и состоит из двух частей. Во второй части обзора рассматриваются вопросы, касающиеся роли глии, воспаления и аутоиммунизации в патогенезе нейроретинальной дегенерации при глаукомной оптической нейропатии (ГОН), новых стратегий лечения исходя из современных достижений генной и иммунотерапии. Отдельное внимание уделяется перспективным терапевтическим подходам, основанным на применении искусственного интеллекта, использовании пептидных биорегуляторов, иммуномодуляторов и препаратов смешанного действия, а также обсуждаются альтернативные методы аксональной регенерации, в том числе посредством воздействия на гены и применения стволовых клеток.

This literature review is devoted to one of the most challenging problems of ophthalmology — neuroprotective and neuroregenerative treatment of glaucoma and consists of two parts. The second part of the review deals with the role of glia, inflammation and autoimmunization in the pathogenesis of neuroretinal degeneration in glaucoma optic neuropathy (GON), new treatment strategies based on modern achievements of gene and immunotherapy. Special attention is paid to promising therapeutic approaches based on artificial intelligence application, usage of peptide bioregulators, immunomodulators and mixed-action drugs. Alternative methods of axonal regeneration, including gene therapy and stem cell therapy, are discussed.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.