ophthalmologyОфтальмологияOphthalmology in Russia1816-50952500-0845Ophthalmology10.18008/1816-5095-2025-2-376-382ophthalmology-2666Research ArticleКЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯCLINICAL STUDIESИзменение оптической плотности макулярного пигмента как новый фактор риска первичной открытоугольной глаукомыChanges in Macular Pigment Optical Density as a New Risk Factor for Primary Open-angle GlaucomaЛоскутовИ. А.LoskutovI. A.

Лоскутов Игорь Анатольевич доктор медицинских наук, руководитель офтальмологического отделения, заведующий кафедрой офтальмологии и оптометрии

 

ул. Щепкина, 61/2, Москва, 129110

Loskutov Igor А. MD, Head of the Ophthalmology and Optometry Department

Schepkina str., 61/2, Moscow, 129110

АндрюхинаО. М.AndryukhinaO. M.

Андрюхина Ольга Михайловна кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник офтальмологического отделения, ассистент кафедры офтальмологии и оптометрии

ул. Щепкина, 61/2, Москва, 129110

Andryukhina Olga M. PhD, senior researcher of the Ophthalmology and Optometry Department, Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology and Optometry

Schepkina str., 61/2, Moscow, 129110

a-olya86@mail.ruГБУЗ МО «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского» (МОНИКИ)РоссияMoscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI)Russian Federation202527062025222376382Copyright © Лоскутов И.А., Андрюхина О.М., 20252025Лоскутов И.А., Андрюхина О.М.Loskutov I.A., Andryukhina O.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/2666

С возрастом увеличивается распространенность таких заболеваний глаз, как первичная открытоугольная глаукома (ПОУГ) и возрастная макулярная дегенерация (ВМД), которые являются основными причинами потери зрения у пожилых пациентов. Недавние исследования показывают, что снижение оптической плотности макулярного пигмента (ОПМП), состоящего из лютеина, зеаксантина и мезозеаксантина, может быть связано с повышенным риском ПОУГ. Эти каротиноиды играют ключевую роль в защите фоторецепторов от окислительного стресса, регулируют световую фильтрацию и обеспечивают нейропротекцию. Исследования продемонстрировали, что пациенты с ПОУГ имеют более низкий уровень ОПМП, что может быть ранним биомаркером глаукомной нейродегенерации. Кроме того, прием нутрицевтиков, содержащих макулярные каротиноиды, обеспечивает повышение ОПМП, что может способствовать сохранению зрительных функций. Дополнительную защиту обеспечивают витамины группы B и ниацин, которые поддерживают митохондриальное здоровье и снижают окислительный стресс в ганглиозных клетках сетчатки. Таким образом, изучение ОПМП как потенциального модифицируемого фактора риска ПОУГ открывает новые перспективы для диагностики и терапии заболевания. Дальнейшие исследования необходимы для определения оптимальных стратегий применения нутрицевтиков и оценки влияния ОПМП на течение глаукомы.

With aging, the prevalence of eye diseases such as primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) increases, making them leading causes of vision loss in older adults. Recent studies suggest that a decrease in macular pigment optical density (MPOD), composed of lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin, may be associated with an increased risk of POAG. These carotenoids play a crucial role in protecting photoreceptors from oxidative stress, regulating light filtration, and providing neuroprotection. Studies have shown that patients with POAG exhibit lower MPOD levels, which may serve as an early biomarker of glaucomatous neurodegeneration. Moreover, supplementation with macular carotenoids has been found to increase MPOD, potentially improving visual function. Additionally, B vitamins and niacin offer further protection by supporting mitochondrial health and reducing oxidative stress in retinal ganglion cells. Thus, investigating MPOD as a modifiable risk factor for POAG presents new opportunities for disease diagnosis and management. Further research is needed to determine optimal nutraceutical strategies and to evaluate the impact of MPOD on glaucoma progression.

макулярные пигментыоптическая плотность макулярного пигменталютеинзеаксантинглаукомавозрастная макулярная дегенерацияmacular pigmentsoptical density of macular pigmentluteinzeaxanthinglaucomaage-related macular degenerationобзор подготовлен при поддержке компании ООО «Бауш Хелс». Позиция авторов статьи может отличаться от позиции компании ООО «Бауш Хелс».the review is supported by Bausch Health LLC. The position of the authors of the article may differ from the position of Bausch Health LLC.ReferencesLin PJ, Abraham AG, Ramulu P, Mihailovic A, Kucharska‑Newton A, Guo X. Social Determinants of Uncorrected Distance and Near Visual Impairment in an Older Adult Population. Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2025 Jan 2;14(1):8. doi: 10.1167/tvst.14.1.8.Lin PJ, Abraham AG, Ramulu P, Mihailovic A, Kucharska‑Newton A, Guo X. Social Determinants of Uncorrected Distance and Near Visual Impairment in an Older Adult Population. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.