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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2015-4-4-8</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-270</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Кросслинкинг склеры с рибофлавином и ультрафиолетом А (UVA). Обзор литературы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Scleral crosslinking with riboflavin and ultraviolet A (UVA). A review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бикбов</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bikbov</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Пушкина, 90, г. Уфа, 450008, Республика Башкортостан</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pushkina str., 90, Ufa, 450008, Republic of Bashkortostan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суркова</surname><given-names>В. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Surkova</surname><given-names>V. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Пушкина, 90, г. Уфа, 450008, Республика Башкортостан</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pushkina str., 90, Ufa, 450008, Republic of Bashkortostan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Усубов</surname><given-names>Э. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Usubov</surname><given-names>E. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Пушкина, 90, г. Уфа, 450008, Республика Башкортостан</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pushkina str., 90, Ufa, 450008, Republic of Bashkortostan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Астрелин</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Astrelin</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Пушкина, 90, г. Уфа, 450008, Республика Башкортостан</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pushkina str., 90, Ufa, 450008, Republic of Bashkortostan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">astrelin87@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственное бюджетное учреждение «Уфимский НИИ глазных болезней Академии наук Республики Башкортостан»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ufa Eye Research Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>01</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>8</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бикбов М.М., Суркова В.К., Усубов Э.Л., Астрелин М.Н., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бикбов М.М., Суркова В.К., Усубов Э.Л., Астрелин М.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bikbov M.M., Surkova V.K., Usubov E.L., Astrelin M.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/270">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/270</self-uri><abstract><p>Кросслинкинг — это образование химических связей между крупными молекулами, которое, как правило, делает материал прочнее. Кросслинкинг роговичного коллагена с рибофлавином и ультрафиолетом А (UVA) успешно применяется для лечения кератэктазий с 2003 года. Имеется ряд предпосылок успешного использования кросслинкинга склеры в лечении прогрессирующей близорукости, при которой в склере наблюдается истончение и снижение биомеханической прочности ткани, так же как и в роговице при кератэктазиях. Экспериментальные исследования показали увеличение прочности склеры после кросслинкинга с рибофлавином и UVA in vitro. При этом не наблюдали изменения толщины склеры. Длительность достигнутого эффекта определена до 8 месяцев после процедуры на кроликах in vivo. Изменения структуры склеры после кросслинкинга изучены с помощью световой, электронной и атомно-силовой микроскопии. Выявлено более плотное расположение коллагеновых волокон, увеличение их диаметра, разнонаправленность и перекрещенность коллагеновых фибрилл. Среди побочных эффектов процедуры на кроликах in vivo, по данным некоторых авторов, выявлено повреждение сетчатки и роговицы на стороне облучения, связанное с высокой дозой излучения и истончением склеры в результате дегидратации. В эксперименте определены оптимальная продолжительность инстилляции рибофлавина (20 минут) и облучения ультрафиолетом А (40 минут) при стандартной мощности излучения 3 мВт/см². В эксперименте in vivo показано, что кросслинкинг склеры с рибофлавином и UVA препятствует росту глазного яблока кроликов при моделировании миопии с помощью окклюзии. Имеются единичные данные об успешном применении кросслинкинга склеры в клинике. Однако под наблюдением находилось лишь 6 пациентов (12 глаз), срок наблюдения составил 6 месяцев, не до конца ясна методика, по которой была проведена процедура. Таким образом, в настоящее время остается еще множество нерешенных вопросов, касающихся эффективности и безопасности применения кросслинкинга склеры с рибофлавином и UVA в клинике. Однако имеющиеся экспериментальные данные дают надежду на возможность создания нового метода лечения прогрессирующей близорукости.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Crosslinking is a formation of chemical bonds between large molecules. It makes material stronger. Corneal crosslinking with riboflavin and ultraviolet A (UVA) has been successfully used in keratectasia treatment since 2003. There are some presuppositions of the scleral crosslinking successful using in the progressive myopia, characterized by thinning and mechanical strength decrease of the sclera, as well as in corneal ectasia. Experimental investigations showed an increase in the mechanical strength of the sclera after crosslinking with riboflavin and UVA in vitro. At the same time there were no changes in the thickness of the sclera. Achieved biomechanical effect was constant over a time with interval during up to 8 months in rabbits in vivo. Scleral structure changes after crosslinking were studied with light, electron and atomic force microscopy. Dense collagen bundle at the same time with fibers diameter increase was observed. The spatial pattern of fibrils within crosslinked scleral tissue was tangled and running in different directions. Some authors found such side effects of the procedure as damage of the retina and cornea on the irradiation side because of the high irradiance and thinning of the sclera as a result of dehydration. The optimal duration of riboflavin instillation (20 minutes) and irradiation with 3 mW/cm² (40 minutes) were determined in the experiments. It was shown in vivo, that crosslinking of the sclera with riboflavin and UVA prevented the growth of the rabbit eyes in occlusion-induced myopia. There are several data about successful clinical using of the scleral crosslinking. However, only 6 patients (12 eyes) were observed, procedure parameters are not clear, follow-up period was only 6 months. Thus, now there are many unsolved questions about efficacy and safety of the scleral crosslinking with riboflavin and UVA. Experimental results encourage for a new method of the progressive myopia treatment will be created.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кросс-линкинг</kwd><kwd>кросслинкинг</kwd><kwd>склера</kwd><kwd>прогрессирующая миопия</kwd><kwd>близорукость</kwd><kwd>биомеханическая прочность</kwd><kwd>ультрафиолет А</kwd><kwd>рибофлавин</kwd><kwd>коллаген</kwd><kwd>моделирование миопии</kwd><kwd>модуль Юнга</kwd><kwd>световая микроскопия</kwd><kwd>электронная микроскопия</kwd><kwd>атомно-силовая микроскопия</kwd><kwd>повреждение сетчатки</kwd><kwd>повреждение роговицы</kwd><kwd>кератоконус</kwd><kwd>диаметр коллагеновых волокон</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>crosslinking</kwd><kwd>cross-linking</kwd><kwd>sclera</kwd><kwd>progressive myopia</kwd><kwd>biomechanical strength</kwd><kwd>ultraviolet A</kwd><kwd>riboflavin</kwd><kwd>collagen</kwd><kwd>occlusion-induced myopia</kwd><kwd>rabbit model</kwd><kwd>Young’s modulus</kwd><kwd>light</kwd><kwd>electron</kwd><kwd>atomic force</kwd><kwd>microscopy</kwd><kwd>retina damage</kwd><kwd>cornea damage</kwd><kwd>keratoconus</kwd><kwd>collagen fiber diameter</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bikbov M.M., Bikbova G.M. 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