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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2025-4-732-740</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-2798</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ячмень и халязион. Современный взгляд на проблему. Обзор литературы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Barley and Chalazion: A Modern Approach to the Problem. Literature Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5112-5321</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трубилин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trubilin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трубилин Александр Владимирович - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры офтальмологии.</p><p>Ореховый бульвар, 28, Москва, 115682</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Trubilin Alexander V. - PhD, Associate Professor of the Ophthalmology Department.</p><p>Volokolamskoye highway, 91, Moscow, 125371</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трубилин</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trubilin</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трубилин Владимир Николаевич - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой офтальмологии.</p><p>Ореховый бульвар, 28, Москва, 115682</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Trubilin Vladimir N. - МD, Professor, head of the Ophthalmology Department.</p><p>Volokolamskoye highway, 91, Moscow, 125371</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8551-0661</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полунина</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polunina</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Полунина Елизавета Геннадьевна - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, профессор кафедры офтальмологии.</p><p>Ореховый бульвар, 28, Москва, 115682</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Poluninа Elizabet G. - MD,Professor, Professor of the Ophthalmology Department.</p><p>Volokolamskoye highway, 91, Moscow, 125371</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коновалов</surname><given-names>М. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Konovalov</surname><given-names>M. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коновалов Михаил Егорович - доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры офтальмологии.</p><p>Ореховый бульвар, 28, Москва, 115682</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konovalov Michail E. - MD, Professor of the Ophthalmology Department.</p><p>Volokolamskoye highway, 91, Moscow, 125371</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филоненко</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filonenko</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Филоненко Александра Вячеславовна - врач-офтальмолог, заведующая офтальмологическим отделением.</p><p>Ул. Павла Мочалова, 8, Нижний Новгород, 603003</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Filonenko Alexandra V. - ophthalmic surgeon, head of the Ophthalmology Department.</p><p>Pavel Mochalov str., 8, Nizhny Novgorod, 603003</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Привезенцева</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Privezentseva</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Привезенцева Татьяна Альбертовна - главный врач ООО «Клиника семейной офтальмологии».</p><p>Ул. Маршала Рыбалко, 2, корп. 6, Москва, 123060</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Privezentseva Tatyana A. - chief physician of the Family Ophthalmology Clinic.</p><p>Marshal Rybalko str., 2, bldg. 6, Moscow, 123060</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный научно-клинический центр Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academy of Postgraduate Education of FMBA of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ НО «Городская клиническая больница № 12» Сормовского района г. Нижнего Новгорода</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Clinical Hospital No. 12 of Sormovsky District of Nizhny Novgorod</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Клиника семейной офтальмологии профессора Трубилина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Professor Trubilin’s Family Ophthalmology Clinic</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>732</fpage><lpage>740</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Трубилин А.В., Трубилин В.Н., Полунина Е.Г., Коновалов М.Е., Филоненко А.В., Привезенцева Т.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Трубилин А.В., Трубилин В.Н., Полунина Е.Г., Коновалов М.Е., Филоненко А.В., Привезенцева Т.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Trubilin A.V., Trubilin V.N., Polunina E.G., Konovalov M.E., Filonenko A.V., Privezentseva T.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/2798">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/2798</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность изучения особенностей формирования ячменя и халязиона возрастает с каждым днем, так как помимо стандартных методов лечения открываются новые высокотехнологические методы лечения данной патологии, включая различные физиотерапевтические процедуры. В настоящем обзоре литературы подробно описаны факторы риска развития вышеуказанной патологии, механизм формирования наружного и внутреннего ячменя, первичного и вторичного халязиона, консервативные и инвазивные методы лечения ячменя и халязиона, представлены исследования, направленные на сравнение эффективности данных методов лечения. Анализ данных литературы, представленных в настоящем обзоре, показал, что в настоящее время отсутствуют четкие показания для различных видов лечения, как для консервативных, к которым относят лекарственную противовоспалительную терапию и гигиену век, так и для инвазивных, к которым относят инъекции пролонгированных кортикостероидов и хирургические методы удаления халязиона. Не определены четкие показания для проведения различных видов физиотерапевтического лечения в зависимости от срока формирования халязиона. Для повышения эффективности лечения ячменя и халязиона необходимы более масштабные исследования, включающие данные о возрасте и поле субъектов, сопутствующих заболеваниях, продолжительности халязиона, выборе лечения и более длительном периоде наблюдения после лечения. Необходимы также дальнейшие исследования с большим размером выборки, чтобы определить влияние размера, структуры и продолжительности существования халязиона на выбор начального лечения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The relevance of studying the development of barley and chalazions is growing, as new high-tech treatments, including various physiotherapeutic procedures, are being developed in addition to standard treatment methods for these conditions. This literature review describes in detail the risk factors for developing these conditions, the mechanism of external and internal styes, primary and secondary chalazions, conservative and invasive treatments for barley and chalazions, and presents studies comparing the effectiveness of these treatments. The literature analysis presented in this review revealed that there are currently no clear indications for various treatment options, including both conservative treatments, which include anti-inflammatory medication and eyelid hygiene, and invasive treatments, which include long-acting corticosteroid injections and surgical chalazion removal. Clear indications for various types of physiotherapy treatments, depending on the time of chalazion development, have not been defined. To improve the effectiveness of barley and chalazions, larger studies are needed. They should include data about the age and gender of subjects, comorbidities, chalazion duration, treatment choice, and a longer post-treatment follow-up period. Further studies with a larger sample size are needed to determine the influence of chalazion size, structure, and duration on the choice of initial treatment.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ячмень</kwd><kwd>халязион</kwd><kwd>заболевания глазной поверхности</kwd><kwd>синдром сухого глаза</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>barley</kwd><kwd>chalazion</kwd><kwd>ocular surface diseases</kwd><kwd>dry eye syndrome</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">никто из авторов не имеет финансовой заинтересованности в представленных материалах или методах</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">no author has a financial or property interest in any material or method mentioned</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клинические рекомендации: «Гордеолум и Халазион». 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