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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2025-4-741-749</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-2799</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Острый некроз сетчатки: этиология, факторы риска и подходы к лечению</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acute Retinal Necrosis: Etiology, Risk Factors and Approaches to Treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1392-3432</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клещева</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klecsheva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Клещева Елена Александровна - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры офтальмологии, врач-офтальмолог.</p><p>Баррикадная ул., 2/1, стр. 1, Москва, 125993; 2-й Боткинский пр-д, 5, Москва, 125284</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Klecsheva Yekaterina A. PhD, Associate Professor – ophthalmologist.</p><p>Barrikadnaya str., 2/1, bld. 1, Moscow, 125993; Botkinsky travel, 5, Moscow, 125284</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3698-5106</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Старостина</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Starostina</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Старостина Татьяна Игоревна - аспирант кафедры офтальмологии.</p><p>Баррикадная ул., 2/1, стр. 1, Москва, 125993</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Starostina Tatiana I. - postgraduate.</p><p>Barrikadnaya str., 2/1, bld. 1, Moscow, 125993</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6223-2010</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кочергин</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kochergin</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кочергин Сергей Александрович доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры офтальмологии, врач-офтальмолог.</p><p>Баррикадная ул., 2/1, стр. 1, Москва, 125993; 2-й Боткинский пр-д, 5, Москва, 125284</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kochergin Sergey A. - MD, Professor, ophthalmologist.</p><p>Barrikadnaya str., 2/1, bld. 1, Moscow, 125993; Botkinsky travel, 5, Moscow, 125284</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8262-5427</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Овсянко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ovsyanko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Овсянко Алексей Александрович - кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры офтальмологии, заведующий офтальмологическим отделением.</p><p>Баррикадная ул., 2/1, стр. 1, Москва, 125993; 2-й Боткинский пр-д, 5, Москва, 125284</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ovsyanko Alexey A. - PhD, head of the Ophthalmology Department.</p><p>Barrikadnaya str., 2/1, bld. 1, Moscow, 125993; Botkinsky travel, 5, Moscow, 125284</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4463-2023</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сонин</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sonin</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сонин Дмитрий Владимирович - аспирант кафедры офтальмологии, врач-офтальмолог.</p><p>Баррикадная ул., 2/1, стр. 1, Москва, 125993; 2-й Боткинский пр-д, 5, Москва, 125284</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sonin Dmitry V. – postgraduate.</p><p>Barrikadnaya str., 2/1, bld. 1, Moscow, 125993; Botkinsky travel, 5, Moscow, 125284</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Московский городской офтальмологический центр ГБУЗ «Московский многопрофильный научно-клинический центр им. С.П. Боткина» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education; Moscow Multidisciplinary Research and Clinical Center named after S.P. Botkin</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>741</fpage><lpage>749</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Клещева Е.А., Старостина Т.И., Кочергин С.А., Овсянко А.А., Сонин Д.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Клещева Е.А., Старостина Т.И., Кочергин С.А., Овсянко А.А., Сонин Д.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Klecsheva E.A., Starostina T.I., Kochergin S.A., Ovsyanko A.A., Sonin D.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/2799">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/2799</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлен обзор публикаций, посвященный острому некрозу сетчатки (ОНС) — тяжелой герпетической некротизирующей ретинопатии, требующей экстренной диагностики и незамедлительного лечения. Основными возбудителями заболевания являются представители герпесвирусов (чаще вирус простого герпеса и вирус варицелла-зостер). Кроме того, в статье рассмотрены основные факторы риска развития ОНС и его осложнений: пожилой возраст, исходно низкая острота зрения, обширное по площади поражение сетчатки, высокая вирусная нагрузка, иммуносупрессия. Выделены критерии диагностики заболевания (определенные сообществом специалистов по увеитам). Исходя из герпетической этиологии острого некроза сетчатки определены ключевые моменты в лечении заболевания, как медикаментозного, так и хирургического. В рамках данного обзора литературы рассмотрен клинический случай острого некроза сетчатки, ассоциированного с вирусом простого герпеса. Определены факторы риска, способствовавшие развитию заболевания и его тяжелому течению.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents an overview of publications devoted to acute retinal necrosis (ARN) — severe herpetic necrotizing retinopathy requiring emergency diagnosis and immediate treatment. The main causative agents of the disease are representatives of herpes viruses (most often herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus). In addition, the article discusses the main risk factors for the development of ARN and its complications: old age, initially low visual acuity, extensive retinal damage, high viral load, immunosuppression. The diagnostic criteria for the disease (defined by the community of uveitis specialists) were identified. Based on the herpetic etiology of acute retinal necrosis, the key points in the treatment of the disease, both drug and surgical, are determined. Within the framework of this literature review, a clinical case of acute retinal necrosis associated with the herpes simplex virus is considered. Risk factors that contributed to the development of the disease and its severe course are determined.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острый некроз сетчатки</kwd><kwd>некротизирующая герпетическая ретинопатия</kwd><kwd>отслойка сетчатки</kwd><kwd>герпесвирусы</kwd><kwd>вирус простого герпеса</kwd><kwd>вирус варицелла-зостер</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acute retinal necrosis</kwd><kwd>necrotizing herpetic retinopathy</kwd><kwd>retinal detachment</kwd><kwd>herpes viruses</kwd><kwd>herpes simplex virus</kwd><kwd>varicella-zoster virus</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">никто из авторов не имеет финансовой заинтересованности в представленных материалах или методах</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">no author has a financial or property interest in any material or method mentioned</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muthiah MN, Michaelides M, Child CS, Mitchell SM. 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