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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2025-4-758-763</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-2801</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Дефекты задней капсулы хрусталика у детей с врожденной катарактой. Обзор литературы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Posterior Lens Capsule Defects in Children with Congenital Cataract. Literature Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9202-5181</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трифаненкова</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trifanenkova</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трифаненкова Ирина Георгиевна - доктор медицинских наук, заместитель директора по научной работе.</p><p>Ул. Святослава Федорова, 5, Калуга, 248007; Ул. С. Разина, 26, Калуга, 248023</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Trifanenkova Irina G. - MD, deputy director for research.</p><p>Svyatoslav Fedorov str., 5, Kaluga, 248007; Stepan Razin str., 26, Kaluga, 248023</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0840-2675</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Терещенко</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tereshchenko</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Терещенко Александр Владимирович - доктор медицинских наук, директор Калужского филиала МНТК «Микрохирургия глаза», профессор кафедры.</p><p>Ул. Святослава Федорова, 5, Калуга, 248007; Ул. С. Разина, 26, Калуга, 248023</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tereschenko Alexander V. - MD, director.</p><p>Svyatoslav Fedorov str., 5, Kaluga, 248007; Stepan Razin str., 26, Kaluga, 248023</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8563-718X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Выдрина</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vydrina</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Выдрина Александра Андреевна - кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая детским офтальмологическим отделением.</p><p>Ул. Святослава Федорова, 5, Калуга, 248007</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vydrina Alexandra A. - PhD, head of the Children’s Ophthalmology Department.</p><p>Svyatoslav Fedorov str., 5, Kaluga, 248007</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8759-8751</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юдина</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yudina</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юдина Юлия Анатольевна научный сотрудник.</p><p>Ул. Святослава Федорова, 5, Калуга, 248007</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yudina Yulia A. – researcher.</p><p>Svyatoslav Fedorov str., 5, Kaluga, 248007</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Калужский филиал ФГАУ НМИЦ «МНТК “Микрохирургия глаза” им. академика С.Н. Федорова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Медицинский институт ФГБОУ ВО «Калужский государственный университет им. К.Э. Циолковского»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Kaluga branch of S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution; Kaluga State University named after K.E. Tsiolkovski</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Калужский филиал ФГАУ НМИЦ «МНТК “Микрохирургия глаза” им. академика С.Н. Федорова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Kaluga branch of S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>758</fpage><lpage>763</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Трифаненкова И.Г., Терещенко А.В., Выдрина А.А., Юдина Ю.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Трифаненкова И.Г., Терещенко А.В., Выдрина А.А., Юдина Ю.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Trifanenkova I.G., Tereshchenko A.V., Vydrina A.A., Yudina Y.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/2801">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/2801</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель — представить обзор публикаций, посвященных дефектам задней капсулы хрусталика у детей с врожденной катарактой, а также подходам к тактике хирургического лечения при их наличии.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Был проведен поиск публикаций по дефектам задней капсулы хрусталика у детей с врожденной катарактой с 1992 по 2024 г. с использованием электронных баз данных PubMed (https://www. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/), Академия Google (https://scholar.google.ru/), eLIBRARY. ru (https://www.elibrary.ru/) и отечественных журналов («Офтальмохирургия», «Вестник офтальмологии», «Офтальмология», «Российская детская офтальмология», «Современные технологии в офтальмологии»).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Дефекты задней капсулы (ДЗК) хрусталика являются одной из наиболее распространенных аномалий задней капсулы наряду с персистирующей фетальной сосудистой сетью (ПФСС) (рersistent fetal vasculature — PVF) и задним лентиконусом (ЗЛК). В доступной литературе имеется достаточное количество публикаций о ПФСС (275 в БД PubMed на 9.10.2024) и ЗЛК (86 в БД PubMed на 9.10.2024), но ограниченное количество статей про ДЗК (11 в БД PubMed на 9.10.2024). В связи с этим обзор публикаций, посвященных ДЗК при врожденной катаракте, актуален для расширения знаний о роли дефектов задней капсулы в диагностике и хирургическом лечении данной патологии.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Благодаря современным технологиям для специалистов открываются новые возможности для визуализации, анализа и оценки задней капсулы хрусталика, состояние которой может влиять на эффективность и безопасность хирургических вмешательств при детской катаракте, а также для планирования хирургической тактики и интраоперационной профилактики осложнений, что гарантирует качество оперативного вмешательства у данной категории пациентов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose: to present a review of publications devoted to defects of the posterior lens capsule in children with congenital cataracts, as well as approaches to surgical tactics in their presence.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A search was conducted for publications on posterior lens capsule defects in children with congenital cataracts from 1992 to 2024 using the electronic databases PubMed (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/), Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.ru/), eLIBRARY.ru (https://www.elibrary.ru/) and domestic journals (Ophthalmosurgery, Bulletin of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmology, Russian Children’s Ophthalmology, Modern Technologies in Ophthalmology).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Posterior capsule defects (PCDs ДЗК) of the lens are one of the most common anomalies of the posterior capsule, along with persistent fetal vasculature (PFV ПФСС) and posterior lenticonus (PL ЗЛК). There were a sufficient number of publications on persistent fetal vasculature (275 in the PubMed database as of 10/09/2024) and posterior lenticonus (86 in the PubMed database as of 10/09/2024) in the available literature. A limited number of articles on posterior capsule defects (11 in the PubMed database as of 10/09/2024), and therefore a review of publications devoted to posterior capsule defects in congenital cataract is relevant to expand knowledge about the role of posterior capsule defects in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of this pathology.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Thanks to modern technologies, new opportunities are opening up for specialists to visualize, analyze and evaluate the posterior capsule of the lens, the condition of which can affect the effectiveness and safety of pediatric cataract surgery, as well as to plan surgical tactics and intraoperative prevention of complications, which guarantees the quality of surgical intervention in this category of patients.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>врожденная катаракта</kwd><kwd>уже существующий дефект задней капсулы хрусталика</kwd><kwd>минимальные фетальные сосудистые остатки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>congenital cataract</kwd><kwd>pre-existing posterior lens capsule defect</kwd><kwd>minimal fetal vascular remnants</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">никто из авторов не имеет финансовой заинтересованности в представленных материалах или методах</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">no author has a financial or property interest in any material or method mentioned</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Егиян НС, Круглова ТБ. 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