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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2015-4-80-83</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-281</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЙ СЛУЧАЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CASE REPORT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Акантамебный кератит и результаты его лечения (клинические случаи)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Аcanthamoeba keratitis and outcomes of the treatment (clinical cases)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бикбов</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bikbov</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Пушкина, 90, г. Уфа, 450008, Республика Башкортостан</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pushkina str., 90, Ufa, 450008,Republic of Bashkortostan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суркова</surname><given-names>В. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Surkova</surname><given-names>V. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Пушкина, 90, г. Уфа, 450008, Республика Башкортостан</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pushkina str., 90, Ufa, 450008,Republic of Bashkortostan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ufaeyenauka@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Усубов</surname><given-names>Э. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Usubov</surname><given-names>E. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Пушкина, 90, г. Уфа, 450008, Республика Башкортостан</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pushkina str., 90, Ufa, 450008,Republic of Bashkortostan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитин</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitin</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Пушкина, 90, г. Уфа, 450008, Республика Башкортостан</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pushkina str., 90, Ufa, 450008,Republic of Bashkortostan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственное бюджетное учреждение «Уфимский НИИ глазных болезней Академии наук Республики Башкортостан»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ufa Eye Research Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>01</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>80</fpage><lpage>83</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бикбов М.М., Суркова В.К., Усубов Э.Л., Никитин Н.А., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бикбов М.М., Суркова В.К., Усубов Э.Л., Никитин Н.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bikbov M.M., Surkova V.K., Usubov E.L., Nikitin N.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/281">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/281</self-uri><abstract><p>Акантамебный кератит (АК) — воспаление роговицы, вызванное простейшим — акантамебой. Заболевание связано, в основном, с ношением контактных линз, под которые проникает возбудитель — акантамеба. Описаны случаи возникновения АК после Lasik. К факторам риска внедрения акантамёбы в роговицу относятся микротравмы её эпителия и контакт с загрязнёнными источниками окружающей среды. Акантамебы обитают в почве, стоячих водоемах, плавательных бассейнах, канализационных трубах, в водопроводной воде и др. Диагностика может быть полноценной только при обнаружении цист во взятом материале с роговицы и посевах его на агар, мазках с КЛ и контейнера для их хранения. Длительный жизненный цикл, включающий цистовидную стадию, способствует рецидивирующему течению кератита продолжительностью в несколько месяцев. Не всегда удается обнаружить цисты. Установление этиологии заболевания представляет определённые трудности. Постановке диагноза помогает тщательный сбор анамнеза, наблюдение за клиническим течением кератита, применение метода конфокальной микроскопии, позволяющего обнаружить цисты акантамёбы в роговице in vivo. Для заболевания характерно длительное хроническое течение с развитием десцеметоцеле и прободением роговицы. Чередование ремиссий и обострений, по‑видимому, связано с особенностями жизненного цикла акантамебы. Акантамебный кератит с трудом поддается лечению, устойчив к антибиотикам. Несвоевременно установленный диагноз и запоздалое начало лечения больных с АК способствуют перфорации роговицы с вовлечением в воспалительный процесс глубжележащих структур глаза, что нередко приводит к энуклеации. Сильные боли в глазу в начале заболевания, типичные для АК, объясняются появлением субэпителиальных инфильтратов и дефектов по ходу нервных волокон, расположенных в поверхностном наиболее чувствительном слое роговицы. Консервативное лечение АК проводят антисептиками. В качестве наиболее эффективного средства в борьбе с цистами используют 0,02% раствор хлоргексидина, который готовят ex. temporae. В статье представлены особенности течения акантамебного кератита (АК), приведены клинические случаи заболевания и результаты сквозной кератопластики, как основного метода лечения тяжелых форм АК.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) — corneal inflammation caused by protozoa — Acanthamoeba. The disease is related mainly with wearing of contact lens, pathogen — Acanthamoeba penetrates under the contact lenses. The cases of AK after Lasik are described. Corneal epithelium microtrauma and contact with sources of environmental pollution are the risk factors of the invasion of Acanthamoeba into the cornea.</p><p>Acanthamoebas affect soil, stagnant reservoirs, swimming pools, drain pipes, tap water, etc. Diagnosis can be confirmed only when cysts are detected in cornea material, plate count, smear, and the containers where such material is stored. Long life cycle including cyst stage helps keratitis relapsing course last for months. It is not always possible to detect cysts. Assessment of etiology presents certain difficulties.</p><p>Such aspects as history taking, monitoring the clinical course of disease, confocal microscopy that enables to reveal acanthamoebas in vivo help to determine a diagnosis.</p><p>Disease is characterized by a long chronic course with the development descemetocele and cornea perforation. The sequence of remissions and exacerbations of inflammation, apparently, occurs due to peculiarities of Acanthamoeba life cycle. Acanthamoeba keratitis is difficult to treat, it’s resistant to antibiotics. Untimely diagnosed disease and delayed initiation of treatment in patients with AK promote corneal perforation and inflammatory process in deep eye structures what often leads to eye enucleation.</p><p>Severe pain is typical for AK in onset of disease. It is caused by emergence of subepithelial infiltrates and defects along the nerve fibers located in the most sensitive surface layer of the cornea. Conservative treatment is conducted with the use of antiseptics. The most effective one against cysts is 0.02% chlorhexidine which is prepared ex. temporae.</p><p>The article presents the peculiarities of clinical course of Acanthamoeba keratitis, clinical cases of the disease and the results of penetrating keratoplasty as the main method of treatment of severe AK.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>акантамебный кератит</kwd><kwd>клинические случаи</kwd><kwd>сквозная кератопластика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Acanthamoeba keratitis</kwd><kwd>clinical cases</kwd><kwd>penetrating keratoplasty</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Volkov V.V., Zabajkina T.P., Kaminskaja L.Ju., Astakhov S.Y., Gordeeva L.M. [Acanthamoeba keratitis (according to the literature and own observations)]. Akantamebnyj keratit (po dannym literatury i sobstvennym nabljudenijam). [Annals of ophthalmology]. 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