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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2025-4-866-875</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-2815</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Прогнозирование прогрессирования диабетической ретинопатии на основе модели логистической регрессии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Prediction of Diabetic Retinopathy Progression Based on Logistic Regression Model</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4757-5584</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрачков</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrachkov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петрачков Денис Валериевич - кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий отделом инновационных витреоретинальных технологий.</p><p>Ул. Россолимо, 11а, б, Москва, 119021</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petrachkov Denis V. - PhD, head of the Innovative Vitreoretinal Technologies Department.</p><p>Rossolimo str., 11A, B, Moscow, 119021</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5507-8775</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Будзинская</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Budzinskaya</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Будзинская Мария Викторовна - доктор медицинских наук, главный научный сотрудник отдела патологии сетчатки и зрительного нерва.</p><p>Ул. Россолимо, 11а, б, Москва, 119021</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Budzinskaya Maria V. - MD, chief researcher, Department of Retinal and Optic Nerve Pathology.</p><p>Rossolimo str., 11A, B, Moscow, 119021</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0408-5369</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филиппов</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filippov</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Филиппов Владислав Максимович - научный сотрудник отдела инновационных витреоретинальных технологий.</p><p>Ул. Россолимо, 11а, б, Москва, 119021</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Filippov Vladislav M. - research officer of the Innovative Vitreoretinal Technologies Department.</p><p>Rossolimo str., 11A, B, Moscow, 119021</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4586-2451</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горкавенко</surname><given-names>Ф. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorkavenko</surname><given-names>F. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Горкавенко Филипп Васильевич - заместитель начальника отдела методологического обеспечения проведения комплексной оценки технологий здравоохранения, ассистент кафедры организации здравоохранения и общественного здоровья.</p><p>Покровский б-р, 6, стр. 20, Москва, 109028; ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1, Москва, 125993</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gorkavenko Filipp V. - deputy head of the Department of Methodological Support for Conducting a Comprehensive Assessment of Healthcare Technologies, assistant of the Department of Healthcare Organization and Public Health.</p><p>Pokrovsky Blvd, 6/20, Moscow, 109028; Barrikadnaya str., 2/1, Moscow, 123995</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт глазных болезней им. М.М. Краснова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Eye Diseases named after M. M. Krasnov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Центр экспертизы и контроля качества медицинской помощи» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Center for Healthcare Quality Assessment and Control; Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>866</fpage><lpage>875</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Петрачков Д.В., Будзинская М.В., Филиппов В.М., Горкавенко Ф.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Петрачков Д.В., Будзинская М.В., Филиппов В.М., Горкавенко Ф.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Petrachkov D.V., Budzinskaya M.V., Filippov V.M., Gorkavenko F.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/2815">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/2815</self-uri><abstract><p>Диабетическая ретинопатия (ДР) остается одной из ведущих причин слепоты у пациентов трудоспособного возраста. Существующие скрининговые методы не всегда позволяют своевременно выявить прогрессирование ДР, и, как следствие, возникают необратимые, угрожающие зрению состояния, что обусловливает актуальность разработки методик прогнозирования прогрессирования ДР, которые могут дать возможность заранее идентифицировать пациентов высокого риска и вовремя провести превентивное лечение.</p><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: разработать и валидировать прогностические модели логистической регрессии для оценки риска прогрессирования ДР в течение одного года при сахарном диабете 1-го типа (СД1) и сахарном диабете 2-го типа (СД2), а также в объединенной когорте, провести сравнение их точности и ключевых предикторов.</p></sec><sec><title>Пациенты и методы</title><p>Пациенты и методы. Данные для построения прогностической модели были получены в ходе проспективного наблюдения за 731 пациентом (731 глаз) с СД1 и СД2 без пролиферативной ДР. Выполнялись оптическая когерентная томограмма (ОКТ), ОКТ-ангиография и сбор системных показателей; сформировано 102 кандидата-предиктора. Модели множественной логистической регрессии строились отдельно для СД1, СД2 и объединенной когорты. Ключевыми метриками качества моделей были выбраны макро-F-мера, чувствительность, специфичность и отрицательная прогностическая ценность (ОПЦ).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Модель для СД1 имела макро-F-меру 0,96 с чувствительностью 100 % и специфичностью 97,3 %, ОПЦ составила 100 %. Для СД2 макро-F-мера составила 0,85 при чувствительности 90,5 % и специфичности 87,8 %, ОПЦ — 97 %. Объединенная модель продемонстрировала макро-F-меру 0,91, чувствительность 91,2 % и специфичность 94,6 %, ОПЦ — 97,9 %. Ключевыми предикторами были: для СД1: гиперрефлективные точки — активированная глия (ГРТ-АГ), относительная толщина ганглиозного комплекса (GCC %) и центральная толщина сетчатки; для СД2: фрактальная размерность в поверхностном капиллярном сплетении (FD-SCP), толщина слоев GCC и GCL+, а также скорость клубочковой фильтрации (СКФ); в объединенной модели: ГРТ-АГ, GCC, GCL+ и СКФ.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Разработаны модели логистической регрессии для СД1, СД2 и объединенной когорты, валидация которых подтвердила их высокую прогностическую точность и выявила различия ключевых предикторов при СД1 (преобладание нейродегенеративных и нейровоспалительных биомаркеров) и при СД2 (нейродегенеративных, сосудистых и системных индикаторов).</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains a leading cause of blindness in the working-age diabetic population. DR progression often occurs asymptomatically, and current screening methods do not always detect the onset of retinal deterioration in a timely manner. This creates a strong need for risk prediction models that can identify high-risk patients in advance and enable prompt preventive treatment. Moreover, the pathogenic mechanisms of DR may differ between type 1 and type 2 diabetes (neurodegeneration and inflammation vs. microangiopathy), which justifies developing separate progression models for each diabetes type.</p><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose: tо develop and validate multivariable logistic regression models predicting 1-year progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and a combined cohort, and to compare their accuracy and key predictors.</p></sec><sec><title>Patients and methods</title><p>Patients and methods. In this prospective study, 731 patients (731 eyes) without proliferative DR underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography (OCTA), and systemic evaluation. A total of 102 candidate predictors were considered. Separate multivariable logistic models were built for T1D, T2D, and the combined cohort (75 % training / 25 % validation; class balancing). Performance was assessed by macro F-measure, sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value (NPV).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The T1D model achieved a macro F-score of 0.96 with 100 % sensitivity and 97.3 % specificity (NPV 100 %). The T2D model yielded a macro F-score of 0.85 with 90.5 % sensitivity and 87.8 % specificity (NPV 97 %). The combined model showed a macro F-score of 0.91 with 91.2 % sensitivity and 94.6 % specificity (NPV 97.9 %). Key predictors were: for T1D— hyperreflective foci (HRF), relative ganglion cell complex thickness (GCC %), and central retinal thickness; for T2D—fractal dimension in the superficial capillary plexus (FD-SCP), GCC and GCL+ thicknesses, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR); for the combined model—HRF, GCC, GCL+, and eGFR.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Logistic regression models were developed for T1D, T2D, and a combined cohort; validation confirmed high predictive accuracy and delineated distinct key predictors—predominantly neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory biomarkers in T1D, and neurodegenerative, vascular, and systemic indicators in T2D.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>диабетическая ретинопатия (ДР)</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет 1-го типа (СД1)</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет 2-го типа (СД2)</kwd><kwd>оптическая когерентная томография (ОКТ)</kwd><kwd>ОКТ-ангиография (ОКТА)</kwd><kwd>логистическая регрессия</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры</kwd><kwd>гиперрефлективные точки</kwd><kwd>фрактальная размерность</kwd><kwd>скорость клубочковой фильтрации</kwd><kwd>прогнозирование риска</kwd><kwd>машинное обучение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diabetic retinopathy (DR)</kwd><kwd>type 1 diabetes (DM1)</kwd><kwd>type 2 diabetes (DM2)</kwd><kwd>optical coherence tomography (OCT)</kwd><kwd>OCT angiography</kwd><kwd>logistic regression</kwd><kwd>biomarkers</kwd><kwd>hyperreflective foci</kwd><kwd>fractal dimension</kwd><kwd>estimated glomerular filtration rate</kwd><kwd>risk prediction</kwd><kwd>machine learning</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">никто из авторов не имеет финансовой заинтересованности в представленных материалах или методах</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">no author has a financial or property interest in any material or method mentioned</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kropp M, Golubnitschaja O, Mazurakova A, Koklesova L, Sargheini N, Vo TKS, de Clerck E, Polivka J Jr, Potuznik P, Polivka J, Stetkarova I, Kubatka P, Thumann G. 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