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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2026-1-22-32</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-2870</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Факторы риска рецидивирования ячменя или халязиона: междисциплинарный взгляд на проблему</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Risk Factors for Recurrence of Barley or Chalazion: an Interdisciplinary Approach to the Problem</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трубилин</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trubilin</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трубилин Владимир Николаевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой офтальмологии</p><p>Волоколамское шоссе, 91, Москва, 125371</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Trubilin Vladimir N., МD, Professor, Head of the of Ophthalmology Department </p><p>Volokolamskoye highway, 91, Moscow, 125371</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8551-0661</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полунина</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Poluninа</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Полунина Елизавета Геннадьевна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, профессор кафедры офтальмологии</p><p>Волоколамское шоссе, 91, Москва, 125371</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Poluninа Elizabet G., MD, Professor, Professor of the of Ophthalmology Department </p><p>Volokolamskoye highway, 91, Moscow, 125371</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5112-5321</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трубилин</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trubilin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трубилин Александр Владимирович – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры офтальмологии </p><p>Волоколамское шоссе, 91, Москва, 125371</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Trubilin Alexander. V., PhD, Associate Professor of the of Ophthalmology Department </p><p>Volokolamskoye highway, 91, Moscow, 125371</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6732-1226</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кечин</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kechin</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кечин-Евгений Владимирович – кандидат медицинских наук, магистр прикладных математики и физики, начальник отдела реализации инновационных программ, трансфера и коммерциализации технологий</p><p>Бескудниковский бульвар, 59а, Москва, 127486</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kechin Evgeny V., PhD, Master of Applied Mathematics and Physics, head of the Department for Implementation of Innovation Programs, Transfer and Commercialization of Technologies</p><p>Beskudnikovskiy Blvd, 59a, Moscow, 127486</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каспарова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kasparova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каспарова Евгения Аркадьевна – кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>ул. Россолимо, 11а, б, Москва, 119021</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kasparova Evgeniya A., PhD, senior research officer </p><p>Rossolimo str., 11a, b, Moscow, 119021</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филоненко</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filonenko</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Филоненко Александра Вячеславовна – врач‑офтальмолог, заведующая офтальмологическим отделением</p><p>ул. Павла Мочалова, 8, Нижний Новгород, 603003</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Filonenko Alexandra V., ophthalmic surgeon, head of the Ophthalmology Department</p><p>Pavla Mochalov str., 8, Nizhny Novgorod 603003</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евстигнеева</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Evstigneeva</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евстигнеева Юлия Владимировна – кандидат медицинских наук, офтальмолог</p><p>Рублевское шоссе, 48/1, Москва, 121609</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia V. Evstigneeva, PhD, ophthalmologist</p><p>Rublevskoe highway, 48, Moscow, 121609</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ластовская (Чиненова)</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lastovskaya (Chinenova)</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чиненова Ксения Владимировна – кандидат медицинских наук, врач офтальмолог</p><p>Рублевское шоссе, 48/1, Москва, 121609</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ksenia V. Chinenova, PhD, ophthalmologist</p><p>Rublevskoe highway, 48, Moscow, 121609</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Привезенцева</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Privezentseva</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Привезенцева Татьяна Альбертовна – главный врач</p><p>ул. Маршала Рыбалко, 2, корп. 6, Москва, 123060</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Privezentseva Tatyana A., chief physician of the Family Ophthalmology Clinic</p><p>Marshal Rybalko str, 2, Bldg. 6, Moscow, 123060</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Академия постдипломного образования ФГБУ «Федеральный научно-клинический центр» Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academy of Postgraduate Education of FMBA</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАУ НМИЦ «МНТК “Микрохирургия глаза” им. академика С.Н. Федорова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт глазных болезней имени М.М. Краснова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ НО «Городская клиническая больница № 12» Сормовского района г. Нижнего Новгорода</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Clinical Hospital No. 12, Sormovsky District, Nizhny Novgorod</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Офтальмологическая клиника доктора Куренкова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ophthalmology Clinic of Dr. Kurenkov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Клиника семейной офтальмологии профессора Трубилина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Professor Trubilin's Family Ophthalmology Clinic</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>22</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Трубилин В.Н., Полунина Е.Г., Трубилин A.B., Кечин Е.В., Каспарова Е.А., Филоненко А.В., Евстигнеева Ю.В., Ластовская (Чиненова) К.В., Привезенцева Т.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Трубилин В.Н., Полунина Е.Г., Трубилин A.B., Кечин Е.В., Каспарова Е.А., Филоненко А.В., Евстигнеева Ю.В., Ластовская (Чиненова) К.В., Привезенцева Т.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Trubilin V.N., Poluninа E.G., Trubilin A.V., Kechin E.V., Kasparova E.A., Filonenko A.V., Evstigneeva Y.V., Lastovskaya (Chinenova) K.V., Privezentseva T.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/2870">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/2870</self-uri><abstract><p>Анализ данных литературы свидетельствует о том, что ячмень и халязион являются многофакторным заболеванием, которое требует мультидисциплинарного подхода. Учитывая появление значительного числа новых факторов риска, таких как косметологические процедуры в периорбитальной зоне, применение лекарственных препаратов, включая прием контрацептивов и заместительную гормональную терапию, антидепрессантов, ношение контактных линз и др., в настоящем исследовании предпринята попытка выявить ключевые факторы риска развития ячменя и халязиона, обусловливающие рецидивирующий характер течения данной патологии. Проведенное исследование показало, что как ячмень, так и халязион имеют рецидивирующий характер в 2,1 раза чаще, чем безрецидивное течение. Чаще всего ячмень и халязион выявлялись у пациентов с косметологическими процедурами в периорбитальной зоне в анамнезе, далее в убывающем порядке — у пациентов с заболеваниями кожи и отягощенным соматическим статусом, преимущественно у пациентов с заболеваниями ЖКТ. Анализ данных, направленный на изучение влияния факторов риска на возникновение ячменя, выявил клинически значимые различия: ячмень (острый воспалительный процесс мейбомиевых желез) на 19,2 % возникает чаще у пациентов с косметологическим воздействием в периорбитальной зоне в анамнезе, причем преимущественно у пациентов с наращиванием ресниц (разница в показателях у этой подгруппы составила 20,3 %). Ячмень, провоцируемый косметологическим воздействием, первично чаще не носит рецидивирующий характер, в то время как заболевания кожи у пациентов с ячменем повышают частоту его рецидивирования на 22,4 %, а отягощенный соматический статус, в частности заболевания ЖКТ, на 65,2 % при р &lt; 0,001. Данные, полученные с помощью программ искусственного интеллекта при изучении влияния значимости факторов риска развития халязиона, показали, что, по данным значений SHAP в модели LightGBM, наибольшее влияние на развитие рецидивирующего течения халязиона оказали следующие факторы (в убывающем порядке): блефаропластика (1,23), заболевания ЖКТ (0,89), аутоиммунные заболевания (0,52), ботулотоксин (0,48), аллергические реакции в анамнезе (0,25). Полученные данные могут позволить маршрутизировать пациента для проведения дообследования и лечения у профильных специалистов, что повысит эффективность лечения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Thus, the study demonstrated that both styes and chalazions are 2.1 times more likely to recur than non-recurring cases. Stye</p><p>and chalazion were most frequently detected in patients with a history of cosmetic procedures in the periorbital area, followed in descending order by patients with skin diseases and complicated somatic conditions, primarily gastrointestinal diseases. Data analysis is aimed for studying the influence of risk factors on the occurrence of styes revealed clinically significant differences: styes (an acute inflammatory process of the meibomian glands) occur 19.2 % more frequently in patients with a history of cosmetic procedures in the periorbital area, primarily in patients who had eyelash extensions (the difference in rates in this subgroup was 20.3 %). Stye provoked by primary cosmetic procedures is often not recurrent, while skin diseases in patients with stye increase the recurrence rate by 22.4 %, and an aggravated somatic status, in particular gastrointestinal diseases, by 65.2 % at p &lt; 0.001. The data obtained through the use of artificial intelligence programs in studying the influence of the significance of risk factors for chalazion development showed that, according to the SHAP values in the LightGBM model, the following factors had the greatest influence on the development of recurrent chalazion (in descending order): blepharoplasty (1.23), gastrointestinal diseases (0.89), autoimmune diseases (0.52), botulinum toxin (0.48), and a history of allergic reactions (0.25). The obtained data can allow routing the patient for additional examination and treatment by specialists, which will increase the effectiveness of the therapy.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ячмень</kwd><kwd>халязион</kwd><kwd>блефарит</kwd><kwd>глазная поверхность</kwd><kwd>заболевания век</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>barley</kwd><kwd>chalazion</kwd><kwd>blepharitis</kwd><kwd>ocular surface</kwd><kwd>eyelid diseases</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mansour A, Kerman T, Amitai N, Zunz E, Khalaila S, Hazan I, Tsumi E. The relationship between involutional ectropion and inflammatory disorders of the eyelids and ocular surface: insights from a large‑scale national study. 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