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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2026-1-101-108</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-2880</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ячмень или халязион? Дифференциально-диагностические критерии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Stye or Chalazion? Differential Diagnostic</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трубилин</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trubilin</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трубилин Владимир Николаевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой офтальмологии</p><p>Волоколамское шоссе, 91, Москва, 125371</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Trubilin Vladimir N., МD, Professor, Head of the of Ophthalmology Department Volokolamskoye highway, 91, Moscow, 125371</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8551-0661</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полунина</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Poluninа</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Полунина Елизавета Геннадьевна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, профессор кафедры офтальмологииВолоколамское шоссе, 91, Москва, 125371</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Poluninа Elizabet G., MD, Professor, Professor of the of Ophthalmology Department </p><p>Volokolamskoye highway, 91, Moscow, 125371</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5112-5321</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трубилин</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trubilin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трубилин Александр Владимирович – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры офтальмологии </p><p>Волоколамское шоссе, 91, Москва, 125371</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Trubilin Alexander. V., PhD, Associate Professor of the of Ophthalmology Department </p><p>Volokolamskoye highway, 91, Moscow, 125371</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6732-1226</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кечин</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kechin</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кечин Евгений Владимирович – кандидат медицинских наук, магистр прикладных математики и физики, начальник отдела реализации инновационных программ, трансфера и коммерциализации технологий</p><p>Бескудниковский бульвар, 59а, Москва, 127486</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kechin Evgeny V., PhD, Master of Applied Mathematics and Physics, head of the Department for Implementation of Innovation Programs, Transfer and Commercialization of Technologies</p><p>Beskudnikovskiy Blvd, 59a, Moscow, 127486</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анджелова</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andzhelova</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анджелова Диана Владимировна – доктор медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>ул. Россолимо, 11а, б, Москва, 119021</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andzhelova Diana V., МD, senior research officer</p><p>Rossolimo str., 11a, b, Moscow, 119021</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филоненко</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filonenko</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Филоненко Александра Вячеславовна – врач‑офтальмолог, заведующая офтальмологическим отделением</p><p>ул. Павла Мочалова, 8, Нижний Новгород, 603003</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Filonenko Alexandra V., ophthalmic surgeon, head of the Ophthalmology Department</p><p>Pavel Mochalov str., 8, Nizhny Novgorod, 603003</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Привезенцева</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Рrivezentseva</surname><given-names>Т. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Привезенцева Татьяна Альбертовна – главный врач</p><p>ул. Маршала Рыбалко, 2, корп. 6, Москва, 123060</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Privezentseva Tatyana A., chief physician</p><p>Marshal Rybalko str., 2, bldg. 6, Moscow, 123060</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Академия постдипломного образования ФГБУ «Федеральный научно-клинический центр» Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academy of Postgraduate Education of FMBA</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАУ НМИЦ «МНТК “Микрохирургия глаза” им. академика С.Н. Федорова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт глазных болезней имени М.М. Краснова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ НО «Городская клиническая больница № 12»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Clinical Hospital No.12 of Sormovsky District of Nizhny Novgorod</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Клиника семейной офтальмологии профессора Трубилина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Professor Trubilin’s Family Ophthalmology Clinic</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>101</fpage><lpage>108</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Трубилин В.Н., Полунина Е.Г., Трубилин A.B., Кечин Е.В., Анджелова Д.В., Филоненко А.В., Привезенцева Т.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Трубилин В.Н., Полунина Е.Г., Трубилин A.B., Кечин Е.В., Анджелова Д.В., Филоненко А.В., Привезенцева Т.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Trubilin V.N., Poluninа E.G., Trubilin A.V., Kechin E.V., Andzhelova D.V., Filonenko A.V., Рrivezentseva Т.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/2880">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/2880</self-uri><abstract><p>Обзор данных литературы свидетельствует о необходимости проведения дополнительных исследований, которые позволят повысить эффективность лечения ячменя и халязиона, — в частности, определить объективные показатели перехода ячменя в халязион на базе инструментальных исследований, а также изучить связь вышеуказанных патологических процессов с сопутствующими патологиями, такими как острые респираторные заболеванияе и синдромом сухого глаза. Проведенное исследование позволило разработать алгоритм дифференциальной диагностики ячменя и халязиона: ячмень — острый воспалительный процесс сальных желез Цейса (наружный) и мейбомиевых желез (внутренний), в 55,2 % случаев формируется на фоне переохлаждения и/или ОРВИ, купируется на фоне местного применения антибиотиков и кортикостероидов в 65,5 % случаев на сроке наблюдения 7–14 дней, в 34,5 % случаев переходит в стадию хронического воспаления — вторичный халязион. Вторичный халязион — переход острого воспалительного процесса в хронический на сроке наблюдения 14–30 дней (формирование капсулы), что сопровождается повышением его плотности и скорости кровотока по данным УЗИ; первичный халязион определяется в 3 раза реже, чем первичный халязион вследствие нарушения оттока секрета из мейбомиевых желез без признаков острого воспаления. Данные корреляционного анализа показали, что чем дольше сохраняется халязион, тем плотнее становится его капсула и тем в большей степени нарушается кровообращение в зоне его локализации. Полученные в ходе исследования показатели могут стать предпосылкой для формирования у практикующих врачей концептуального видения этиопатогенеза формирования ячменя и халязиона, что, в свою очередь, способствует назначению своевременных адекватных методов лечения, включая последовательное применение местной лекарственной терапии, интракапсулярных инъекций глюкокортикоидов, хирургического удаления халязиона, а также назначения профилактического лечения в виде гигиены век и других физиотерапевтических процедур на этапе купирования данного патологического процесса.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A review of the literature data indicates the need for additional research to improve the effectiveness of barley and chalazion treatment, in particular to determine objective indicators of barley transition to chalazion based on instrumental studies, and to study the relationship of the above pathological processes with concomitant pathologies, in particular, acute respiratory diseases and dry eye syndrome. The conducted study allowed us to develop an algorithm for differential diagnosis of barley and chalazion: barley is an acute inflammatory process of the sebaceous glands of Zeiss (external) and meibomian (internal), in 55.2 % of cases it develops against the background of hypothermia and/or acute respiratory viral infections, is stopped by local use of antibiotics and corticosteroids in 65.5 % of cases during an observation period of 7–14 days, in 34.5 % of cases it passes into the stage of chronic inflammation — secondary chalazion; A secondary chalazion is the transition of an acute inflammatory process to a chronic one over an observation period of 14 to 30 days (capsule formation), accompanied by an increase in its density and blood flow velocity, as determined by ultrasound. A chalazion is detected three times less frequently than a primary chalazion due to a disruption of the secretion of the meibomian glands without signs of acute inflammation. Correlation analysis data showed that the longer the chalazion persists, the denser its capsule becomes and the more severe the impairment of blood circulation in the area. The data obtained during the study can serve as a basis for developing a conceptual understanding of the etiopathogenesis of styes and chalazions in practicing physicians. This, in turn, will facilitate the appointment of timely and adequate treatment methods, including the consistent use of local drug therapy, intracapsular glucocorticoid injections, surgical removal of the chalazion, as well as the appointment of preventive treatment in the form of eyelid hygiene and other physiotherapeutic procedures at the stage of stopping this pathological process.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ячмень</kwd><kwd>халязион</kwd><kwd>блефарит</kwd><kwd>глазная поверхность</kwd><kwd>заболевания век</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>УЗИ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>barley</kwd><kwd>chalazion</kwd><kwd>blepharitis</kwd><kwd>ocular surface</kwd><kwd>eyelid diseases</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jisa TA, Rahat MTI, Sumi MSA, Sultana N, Sarker JK, Nurejannath M, Kibria MK. 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