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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2016-1-10-19</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-292</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Корнеосклеральная оболочка глаза: анализ структурно- биомеханических особенностей в возрастном аспекте. Обзор литературы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Corneoscleral Shell of the Eye: an Age-Related Analysis of Structural Biomechanical Properties. Literature review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иомдина</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Iomdina</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>мн, профессор ФГБУ «Московский научно-исследовательский институт глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца» Минздрава России, 105062, Российская Федерация, Москва, ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, 14 / 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, professor, Moscow Helmholtz Research Institute of Eye Diseases; 14 / 19 Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya str., Moscow, 105062, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iomdina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петров</surname><given-names>С. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrov</surname><given-names>S. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ведущий научный сотрудник отдела глаукомы ФГБНУ «НИИ глазных болезней»; ФГБНУ «НИИ глазных болезней», 119021, Российская Федерация, Москва, ул. Россолимо, д. 11а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, The Scientific Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 11a Rossolimo str., Moscow, 119021, Russian Federation, +7‑916‑607‑93‑26</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">glaucomatosis@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антонов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Аntonov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ведущий научный сотрудник отдела глаукомы ФГБНУ «НИИ глазных болезней», 119021, Российская Федерация, Москва, ул. Россолимо, д. 11а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Senior Research Officer, The Scientific Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 11a Rossolimo str., Moscow, 119021, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">niigb.antonov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новиков</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikov</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший научный сотрудник лаборатории фундаментальных исследований ФГБНУ «НИИ глазных болезней», 119021, Российская Федерация, Москва, ул. Россолимо, д. 11а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Research Officer, The Scientific Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 11a Rossolimo str., Moscow, 119021, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">toiaia@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пахомова</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pahomova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант ФГБНУ «НИИ глазных болезней», 119021, Российская Федерация, Москва, ул. Россолимо, д. 11а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate, The Scientific Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 11a Rossolimo str., Moscow, 119021, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nata_050487@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Московский научно-исследовательский институт глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца» Минздрава России; ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, 14 / 19, Москва, 105062, Российская Федерация</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Helmholtz Research Institute of Eye Diseases; Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya str. 14 / 19, Moscow, Russian Federation, 105062</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение Научно-исследовательский институт глазных болезней; Россолимо, 11A,Б, Москва, 119021, Российская Федерация</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Scientific Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 11a Rossolimo str., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119021</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>04</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>10</fpage><lpage>19</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Иомдина Е.Н., Петров С.Ю., Антонов А.А., Новиков И.А., Пахомова И.А., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иомдина Е.Н., Петров С.Ю., Антонов А.А., Новиков И.А., Пахомова И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Iomdina E.N., Petrov S.Y., Аntonov A.A., Novikov I.A., Pahomova I.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/292">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/292</self-uri><abstract><p>Структурно-биомеханические свойства корнеосклеральной оболочки глаза во многом определяют ее анатомо-оптические параметры, опорную и защитную функцию, поэтому изменения, связанные с процессом возрастной перестройки, могут отражаться на состоянии роговицы и склеры, что необходимо учитывать при диагностике заболеваний глаз, особенно, развивающихся в пожилом возрасте. Анализ современной литературы показывает, что возрастные изменения корнеосклеральной оболочки глаза затрагивают все соединительнотканные компоненты экстрацеллюлярного матрикса: фибриллярные белки (коллаген и эластин), а также компоненты межуточной субстанции (протеогликаны и гликозаминогликаны). Выявлено, что у лиц пожилого возраста диаметр фибрилл эластических волокон склеры в наружном отделе больше, в то время как в центре плотность фибрилл меньше, чем в молодом возрасте, что свидетельствует о повреждении эластина на молекулярном уровне и дегенерации фибрилл. Возрастные изменения протеогликанов проявляются, прежде всего, в уменьшении гидратации; это ведет к увеличению плотности роговицы и склеры и регионарному истончению тканей. Возрастные изменения коллагена выражены в меньшей степени, чем эластина и протеогликанов. Тем не менее, с возрастом в роговице сокращается расстояние между коллагеновыми фибриллами, отмечается их разрушение и появление в задней строме небольших пространств, лишенных коллагена. Наиболее выраженные возрастные дегенеративные изменения коллагена в глубоких слоях стромы роговицы происходят в области лимба, где накапливается коллаген с большей, чем в норме, периодичностью. Исследования последних лет показали, что важнейшим структурным фактором является формирование перекрестных (поперечных) химических связей — внутри- и межмолекулярных сшивках коллагена. Именно этот процесс отвечает за структурную стабильность ткани роговицы и склеры, которая изменяется с возрастом, а также при некоторых заболеваниях глаза, таких как кератоконус и прогрессирующая миопия. Очевидно, необходимы клинические технологии, позволяющие адекватно оценивать биомеханический статус фиброзной оболочки глаза.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Structural biomechanical properties of the ocular corneoscleral shell largely determine its anatomic and optical parameters and its supporting and protective function. Therefore, changes related to age restructuring processes may affect the state of the cornea and the sclera, which should be taken into account in diagnosing eye diseases, especially age-related. According to actual literary data, age-related changes of the corneoscleral shell affecting its biomechanical properties involve all connective tissue components of the extracellular matrix: fibrous proteins (collagen and elastin) and intermediate substance components (proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans). Aged patients have a larger diameter of elastic fiber fibrils in the external part of the sclera and a lower density of fibrils in the center as compared to young patients, which is an evidence of elastin damage at the molecular level and fibril degeneration. Age-related changes of proteoglycans are primarilymanifested in hydration loss, which leads to an increase in corneal and sclera density and regional thinning of tissues. Agerelated changes of collagen are less expressed than those of elastin and proteoglycans. Yet, the distance between collagen fibrils in the cornea becomes smaller with age; they are subject to destruction, and small spaces devoid of collagen tend to appear in the posterior stroma. The most pronounced age-related degenerative changes of collagen in the deeper layers of the corneal stroma occur in the limb, which accumulates more cross striated collagen fibrils. Recent years of research have shown that the formation of cross-linked chemical bonds, i.e. intra- and intermolecular cross links of collagen is the most important structural factor. It is this particular process that is responsible for structural stability of the corneal and scleral tissue, which tends to change with age or due to certain eye diseases, such as keratoconus or progressive myopia. Obviously, we need clinical technologies that allow an adequate estimation of the biomechanical state of the fibrous shell of the eye.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>роговица</kwd><kwd>склера</kwd><kwd>фиброзная оболочка</kwd><kwd>коллаген</kwd><kwd>эластин</kwd><kwd>протеогликаны</kwd><kwd>соединительная ткань</kwd><kwd>биомеханика</kwd><kwd>старение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cornea</kwd><kwd>sclera</kwd><kwd>fibrous tunic</kwd><kwd>collagen</kwd><kwd>elastin</kwd><kwd>proteoglycans</kwd><kwd>connective tissue</kwd><kwd>biomechanics</kwd><kwd>morphology</kwd><kwd>aging</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Иомдина Е. Н., Бауэр С. М., Котляр К. Е. Биомеханика глаза: теоретические аспекты и клинические приложения. Москва: Реальное время; 2015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iomdina E. N., Bauer S. 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