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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2016-2-56-61</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-300</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Кросслинкинг: методические подходы и применение в офтальмологии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Crosslinking: methodological approaches and application in ophthalmology</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Медведев</surname><given-names>И. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Medvedev</surname><given-names>I. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор кафедра офтальмологии ФДПО ГБОУ ВПО РНИМУ им. Н. И. Пирогова Минздрава России, ул. Островитянова 1, Москва, 117997, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, professor. Opthalmology department of Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov str. 1, Moscow, 117997, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">glazmed@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евграфов</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Evgrafov</surname><given-names>V. Ju.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, кафедра офтальмологии ФДПО ГБОУ ВПО РНИМУ им. Н. И. Пирогова Минздрава России, ул. Островитянова 1, Москва, 117997, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, opthalmology department of Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov str. 1, Moscow, 117997, Russiа</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">evgrafov@lidt.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дергачева</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dergacheva</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры офтальмологии ФДПО ГБОУ ВПО РНИМУ им. Н. И. Пирогова Минздрава России, ул. Островитянова 1, Москва, 117997, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate opthalmology department of Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov str. 1, Moscow, 117997, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">deb20052005@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФДПО ГБОУ ВПО РНИМУ им. Н. И. Пирогова Минздрава России, ул. Островитянова 1, Москва, 117997, Российская Федерация</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov str. 1, Moscow, 117997, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>56</fpage><lpage>61</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Медведев И.Б., Евграфов В.Ю., Дергачева Н.Н., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Медведев И.Б., Евграфов В.Ю., Дергачева Н.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Medvedev I.B., Evgrafov V.J., Dergacheva N.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/300">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/300</self-uri><abstract><p>Кросслинкинг роговицы был разработан в конце прошлого века и радикально поменял подходы к лечению прогрессирующих эктазий роговицы. Чтобы достичь укрепления ткани роговицы, облучение ультрафиолетом А комбинируют с использованием рибофлавина. Рибофлавин играет роль фотосенсибилизатора в процессе фотополимеризации и при ультрафиолетовом облучении увеличивает образование меж- и интрафибриллярных ковалентных связей. Стандартный протокол операции включает скарификацию эпителия, 30‑минутную аппликацию 0.1 % раствора рибофлавина с последующим 30 мин. облучением ультрафиолетом А с длиной волны 370 нм и мощностью 3 мВт / см2. Отсутствие эффекта от проведения стандартной процедуры определяется как увеличение преломляющей силы роговицы на 1 D после лечения и наблюдается в 8.1‑33.3 % случаев. Относительно частым осложнением стандартной процедуры кросслинкинга (10‑90 %) является роговичный хэйз. Описан ряд случаев инфекционного кератита, включая бактериальный, протозойный и грибковый. Редкими осложнениями после стандартной процедуры кросслинкинга являются диффузный ламеллярный кератит, расплавление роговицы и эндотелиально-эпителиальная дистрофия. После инстилляции рибофлавина его диффузия в строму роговицы лимитируется плотными контактами между эпителиальными клетками, вследствие этого при кросслинкинге зачастую прибегают к предварительной скарификации эпителия. Однако именно эта манипуляция является причиной таких осложнений кросслинкинга, как интра- и послеоперационные боли, инфекционный кератит и вялая регенерация эпителия. Проницаемость эпителия для рибофлавина можно усилить несколькими способами, например, модифицируя физико-химические свойства молекулы рибофлавина или повышая проницаемость эпителия, например, с помощью инстилляций 40 %-ного раствора глюкозы. Было показано, что проведение электрофореза с рибофлавином в течение 5 мин. позволяет достичь его концентрации в роговице, достаточной для выполнения кросслинкинга. Предпринимаются также попытки уменьшить время проведения операции кросслинкинга путем повышения мощности облучения роговицы ультрафиолетом. В единичных исследованиях сообщается об успешном использовании роговичного кросслинкинга в сочетании с фоторефракционной кератэктомией и интракорнеальными кольцами, а также для лечения инфекционных кератитов и эндотелиально-эпителиальной дистрофии роговицы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Crosslinking of the cornea was developed at the end of the last century and radically changed approaches to the treatment of progressive corneal ectasia. To achieve the strengthening of the corneal tissue irradiation with ultraviolet light And is combined with the use of Riboflavin. Riboflavin plays a role of a photosensitizer in the process of photopolymerization and ultraviolet irradiation increases the formation of inter — and intrafibrillary covalent bonds. Standard Protocol operation involves the scarification of epithelium, a 30‑minute application of 0.1 % solution of Riboflavin with subsequent 30 min. irradiation with ultraviolet light with A wavelength of 370 nm and 3 mW / cm2. The lack of effect of routine procedures is defined as the increase in refractive power of the cornea by 1 Diopter. after treatment and observed in 8.1‑33.3 % of cases. A relatively frequent complication of the standard procedure of crosslinking (10‑90 %) is corneal haze. A number of cases of infectious keratitis, including bacterial, protozoan and fungal forms is registered. Rare complications after standard procedure of crosslinking are diffuse lamellar keratitis, melting corneal and endothelial-epithelial dystrophy. After instillation of Riboflavin its diffusion in the corneal stroma is limited by a dense contacts between epithelial cells, resulting in crosslinking often resort to preliminary scarification of epithelium. However, this manipulation is the cause of the complications of crosslinking, as intra — and postoperative pain, infectious keratitis and lethargic regeneration of the epithelium. The permeability of the epithelium for Riboflavin can be enhanced in several ways, for example, modifying physico-chemical properties of Riboflavin molecules or increasing the permeability of the epithelium, for example, by instillation of a 40 % strength solution of glucose. It was shown that the conducting electrophoresis with Riboflavin for 5 minutes, allows to reach a concentration in the cornea sufficient to conduct the crosslinking. There have also been attempts to reduce the time of the operation of crosslinking by increasing the power of irradiation of cornea with ultraviolet light. In single studies reported on the successful use of corneal crosslinking combined with photorefractive keratectomy and intracorneal the rings, as well as for the treatment of infectious keratitis and endothelial-epithelial dystrophy of the cornea.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кросслинкинг</kwd><kwd>роговица</kwd><kwd>эндотелиально-эпителиальная дистрофия</kwd><kwd>инфекционный кератит</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>crosslinking</kwd><kwd>cornea</kwd><kwd>endothelial-epithelial dystrophy</kwd><kwd>infectious keratitis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ASCRS Cornea Clinical Committee. Reshaping procedures for the surgical management of corneal ectasia. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2015;41:842‑72.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">ASCRS Cornea Clinical Committee. 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