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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2016-2-69-73</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-302</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исторические аспекты лечения острых бактериальных послеоперационных эндофтальмитов. Обзор литературы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Historical aspects of the treatment of acute bacterial postoperative endophthalmitis. Literature review.</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казайкин</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazajkin</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, врач-офтальмохирург, заведующий витреоретинальным отделением, ЗАО Екатеринбургский центр МНТК «Микрохирургия глаза» ул. Академика Бардина 4‑А, Екатеринбург, 620149, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, surgeon, Head of Vitreoretinal Department, Ekaterinburg IRTC Eye Microsurgery Center, Academician Bardin street, 4‑A, Ekaterinburg, 620149</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">victor-ru66@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономарев</surname><given-names>В. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomarev</surname><given-names>V. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-офтальмохирург, ЗАО Екатеринбургский центр МНТК «Микрохирургия глаза» ул. Академика Бардина 4‑А, Екатеринбург, 620149, Россия. Телефон: 89221060032</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>surgeon, Ekaterinburg IRTC Eye Microsurgery Center, Academician Bardin street, 4‑A, Ekaterinburg, Russia, 620149. Phone 89221060032</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Ponomarev-mntk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ЗАО Екатеринбургский центр МНТК «Микрохирургия глаза», ул. Академика Бардина 4‑А, Екатеринбург, 620149, Российская Федерация</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ekaterinburg IRTC Eye Microsurgery Center, Academician Bardin street, 4‑A, Ekaterinburg, 620149, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>69</fpage><lpage>73</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Казайкин В.Н., Пономарев В.О., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Казайкин В.Н., Пономарев В.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kazajkin V.N., Ponomarev V.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/302">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/302</self-uri><abstract><p>Лечение острых бактериальных послеоперационных эндофтальмитов (ОЭ) является актуальной проблемой. На частоту встречаемости ОЭ непосредственное влияние оказывает общемировой рост хирургической активности с преобладанием амбулаторной помощи. Немаловажное значение играют общесоматическое состояние пациента, состав его собственной микрофлоры и спецификация микроорганизмов, персистирующих в лечебном учреждении, правила предоперационной подготовки и послеоперационного ведения. Особенности лечения ОЭ крайне деликатны и требуют комплексного подхода для получения максимально высокого функционального результата. В обзоре литературы рассмотрены ключевые исторические аспекты, которые привели к значительному прогрессу в лечении ОЭ. Положительный анатомический результат связан с периодом первых попыток интравитреального введения (ИВВ) антибиотиков (АБ), начиная с 40‑х годов XX века. Разработка автоматизированных систем для манипуляций с патологически измененным стекловидным телом (СТ) в сочетании с ИВВ АБ привела к первым положительным функциональным результатам в 70‑е годы прошлого столетия. Дальнейшие исследования, посвящённые изучению фармакокинетики и фармакодинамики АБ, разработка более совершенных систем для витрэктомии, комплексный анализ чувствительности патогенной микрофлоры к АБ, использование оптимальных критериев и сроков для проведения хирургического вмешательства позволили улучшить функциональные и анатомические результаты этого грозного осложнения хирургического вмешательства. На сегодняшний день клинические исследования направлены на получение максимально высокого функционального результата. Для его достижения необходимо придерживаться нескольких фундаментальных приемов: удаление патологического субстрата из витреальной полости (3‑х портовая витрэктомия) необходимо проводить в максимально сжатые сроки после постановки диагноза (в течение одного часа); качественно выполнять забор содержимого витреальной полости и передней камеры для посева на микрофлору и ее чувствительность к АБ; вводимые интравитреально АБ должны перекрывать весь спектр возможных возбудителей до получения результатов бактериологического посева; после получения результатов посева необходимо использовать один антибиотик, обладающий максимальной эффективностью в отношении данного возбудителя.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Treatment of acute bacterial postoperative endophthalmitis (AE) is an actual problem. The frequency of AE is directly influenced by worldwide increase of surgical activity with prevailing outpatient surgery. Somatic status of the patient, structure of his own and hospital microflora, rules of preoperative preparation and postoperative treatment play an important role. Features of AE treatment are extremely delicate and require a complex approach for obtaining a high functional result. The review covers key historical aspects resulting in a significant progress in AE treatment. Positive anatomical result is associated with the period of first attempts of antibiotics (AB) intravitreal injections (IVI) beginning from 1940s. Development of automated systems for manipulations with pathologic vitreous in combination with AB intravitreal injections (IVI) resulted the first positive functional results in 1970s. Further investigations devoted to study of AB pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, development of more advanced vitrectomy systems, complex analysis of pathogenic microflora antibiotic sensitivity, use of optimal criteria and terms of surgical intervention gave a possibility to improve functional and anatomical results of management of this severe postoperative complication. Modern clinical investigations are aimed to achieve the maximal functional results. For this purpose it is necessary to follow several fundamental principles: 1) removal of pathological substratum from the vitreous cavity (3‑port vitrectomy) must be done after diagnosis as soon as possible (during one hour); 2) vitrous cavity and anterior chamber content must be qualitatively taken for microflora cultering and antibiotic sensitivity test; 3) intravitreal antibiotics must cover the entire spectrum of possible pathogenic microorganisms before obtaining of bacterial seeding result; 4) it is necessary to continue one the most effective antibiotic with according to data of microbiologic analysis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эндофтальмит</kwd><kwd>интравитреальное введение антибиотика</kwd><kwd>витрэктомия</kwd><kwd>функциональный и анатомический результат.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>endophthalmitis</kwd><kwd>intravitreal antibiotic injection</kwd><kwd>vitrectomy</kwd><kwd>anatomical and functional result</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kowalski R. 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