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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2026-3-505-511</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-3054</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Методы диагностики возрастной катаракты: от классических технологий к инновационным решениям (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Methods of Age-related Cataract Diagnosis: from Classic to Innovative Technologies. Literature Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8480-0894</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нероев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Neroev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нероев Владимир Владимирович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН, директор, заведующий кафедрой глазных болезней </p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, 14/19, Москва, 105062,</p><p>ул. Долгоруковская, 4, Москва, 27006</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Neroev Vladimir V., MD, Professor, director, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, head of Chair of Eye Diseases</p><p>Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya str., 14/19, Moscow, 105062,</p><p>Dolgorukovskaya str., 4, Moscow, 127006</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киселева</surname><given-names>Т. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiseleva</surname><given-names>T. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Киселева Татьяна Николаевна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, начальник отделаультразвуковых исследований</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kiseleva Tatiana N., MD, Professor, head of Ultrasound Department</p><p>Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya str., 14/19, Moscow, 105062</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3500-2220</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Меловацкий</surname><given-names>П. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Melovatskiy</surname><given-names>P. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Меловацкий Павел Дмитриевич, врач-офтальмолог, аспирант</p><p>ул. Долгоруковская, 4, Москва, 27006</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Melovatskiy Pavel D., ophthalmologist</p><p>Dolgorukovskaya str., 4, Moscow, 127006</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4135-1128</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцев</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaitsev</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зайцев Максим Сергеевич, кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник</p><p>ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, 14/19, Москва, 105062</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zaitsev Maksim S., PhD, research officer </p><p>Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya str., 14/19, Moscow, 105062</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации;&#13;
ФГБОУ ВО «Российский университет медицины» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases;&#13;
Russian University of Medicine (ROSUNIMED)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Российский университет медицины» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian University of Medicine (ROSUNIMED)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>505</fpage><lpage>511</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Нероев В.В., Киселева Т.Н., Меловацкий П.Д., Зайцев М.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Нероев В.В., Киселева Т.Н., Меловацкий П.Д., Зайцев М.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Neroev V.V., Kiseleva T.N., Melovatskiy P.D., Zaitsev M.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/3054">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/3054</self-uri><abstract><p>Обзор литературы посвящен возможностям современных высокотехнологичных методов исследования хрусталика, внедрение которых в клиническую практику необходимо для повышения эффективности диагностики катаракты. Широко распространенным исследованием состояния хрусталика остается биомикроскопия с регистрацией изображений хрусталика, в том числе с ретроиллюминацией для субъективной оценки катаракты по классификации LOCS III. Однако несмотря на свою универсальность, данный метод характеризуется существенной зависимостью от опыта и квалификации исследователя. В условиях, когда современная хирургия катаракты достигла высоких стандартов и сместила акцент на качество зрения пациента, существующие методы субъективной диагностики оказываются недостаточными. В последние годы практическую значимость приобретают объективные методы исследования хрусталика, которые позволяют наиболее точно определить ранние возрастные изменения хрусталика с количественной оценкой степени выраженности помутнений. К одним из них относится ультразвуковая денситометрия. Наиболее распространенным методом количественной оценки хрусталика является оптическая денситометрия с использованием Шаймпфлюг-камеры и компьютерных программ для объективной оценки локализации помутнений и скорости их прогрессирования в динамике. К другим высокоинформативным оптическим методам для выявления различных стадий возрастной катаракты относится анализ распределения волнового фронта аберраций с определением индекса светорассеяния по технологии double-pass technology, а также использование датчика волнового фронта Шэка — Гартмана. Метод оптической когерентной томографии (OКT) с переменной длиной волны и высокочастотным детектором позволяет с высоким разрешением визуализировать изменения слоев хрусталика и деградацию его вещества, наличие вакуолей и зон лизиса при катаракте. В современной офтальмологии высокотехнологичные методы количественной оценки оптической плотности хрусталика становятся необходимыми не только для определения показаний к хирургическому вмешательству, выбора оптимальных режимов факоэмульсификации и предотвращения интраоперационных осложнений, но и для мониторинга катаракты в клинических исследованиях и определения эффективности медикаментозной коррекции начальных возрастных помутнений хрусталика.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The literature review focuses on the capabilities of modern high-tech methods for examining the lens, the implementation of which in clinical practice is essential for enhancing the effectiveness of cataract diagnosis. Biomicroscopy with lens image registration, inclu- ding retroillumination for subjective cataract assessment according to the LOCS III classification, remains a widely used method for evaluating lens status. However, despite its versatility, this approach is characterized by significant dependence on the investigator’s experience and qualifications. In an era where contemporary cataract surgery has achieved high standards and shifted emphasis toward patient visual quality, existing subjective diagnostic methods prove inadequate. In recent years, objective methods for lens examination have gained practical significance, enabling the most accurate detection of early age-related lens changes with quantita- tive assessment of opacity severity. One such method is ultrasonic densitometry. The most common technique for quantitative lens evaluation is optical densitometry using Scheimpflug cameras and computer software for objective assessment of opacity localiza- tion and progression dynamics. Other highly informative optical methods for detecting various stages of age-related cataract include wavefront aberration analysis with determination of the light scattering index via double-pass technology, as well as the use of the Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) with variable wavelength and a high-frequency detector allows high-resolution visualization of lens layer changes, substance degradation, and the presence of vacuoles and lysis zones in cataract. In modern ophthalmology, high-tech methods for quantitative assessment of lens optical density are becoming indispensable not only for determining indications for surgical intervention, selecting optimal phacoemulsification regimens, and preventing intraoperative complications, but also for monitoring cataract progression in clinical trials and evaluating the efficacy of pharmacological correction for initial age-related lens opacities.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хрусталик</kwd><kwd>катаракта</kwd><kwd>классификация LOCS III</kwd><kwd>ультразвуковая денситометрия</kwd><kwd>оптическая когерентная томография</kwd><kwd>оптическая денситометрия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lens</kwd><kwd>cataract</kwd><kwd>LOCS III classification</kwd><kwd>ultrasound densitometry</kwd><kwd>optical coherence tomography</kwd><kwd>optical densitometry</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee CM, Afshari NA. 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