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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2026-3-639-651</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-3071</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ожирение как коморбидное заболевание и фактор риска неблагоприятного ответа на анти-VEGF терапию</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Obesity as a Comorbid Condition and a Risk Factor for a Suboptimal Response to Anti-VEGF therapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2708-7217</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Капкова</surname><given-names>С. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kapkova</surname><given-names>S. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Капкова Светлана Георгиевна, кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая офтальмологическим отделением, доцент кафедры офтальмологии</p><p>ул. Гамалеи, 15, Москва, 123098,</p><p>ул. Гамалеи, 15, Москва, 123098</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kapkova Svetlana G., PhD, head of the Ophthalmology Department, Assistant Professor </p><p>Volokolamskoe highway, 91, Moscow, 125310,</p><p>Gamalei str., 15, Moscow, 123098</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0773-1933</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лихванцева</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Likhvantseva</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лихванцева Вера Геннадьевна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры офтальмологии </p><p>ул. Гамалеи, 15, Москва, 123098,</p><p>Волоколамское шоссе, 91, Москва, 125310</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Likhvantseva Vera G., MD, Professor of the Ophthalmology Department </p><p>Volokolamskoe highway, 91, Moscow, 125310,</p><p>Gamalei str., 15, Moscow, 123098</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-725X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Геворкян</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gevorkyan</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Геворкян Армине Сейрановна, кандидат медицинских наук, врач‑офтальмохирург </p><p>проезд Березовой рощи, 12, Москва, 125252</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gevorkyan Armine S., PhD, ophthalmologist </p><p>Volokolamskoe highway, 91, Moscow, 125310</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9171-1955</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плиева</surname><given-names>Х. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Plieva</surname><given-names>Kh. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Плиева Хава Магомедовна, ассистент кафедры глазных болезней врач‑офтальмолог </p><p>ул. Гамалеи, 15, Москва, 123098,</p><p>ул. Гамалеи, 15, Москва, 123098</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Plieva Khava M., Assistant Professor, ophthalmologist at the Ophthalmology Department </p><p>Volokolamskoe highway, 91, Moscow, 125310,</p><p>Gamalei str., 15, Moscow, 123098</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5304-1434</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Третьяк</surname><given-names>Е. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tretyak</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Третьяк Евгения Борисовна, кандидат медицинских наук, врач офтальмологического отделения </p><p>ул. Гамалеи, 15, Москва, 123098</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tretyak Evgeniya B., PhD, ophthalmologist </p><p>Volokolamskoe highway, 91, Moscow, 125310</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6764-8950</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рычкова</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rychkova</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рычкова Светлана Игоревна, доктор медицинских наук, доцент кафедры глазных болезней </p><p>проезд Березовой рощи, 12, Москва, 125252, </p><p>ул. Гамалеи, 15, Москва, 123098</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rychkova Svetlana I., MD, Associate Professor at the Ophthalmology Department </p><p>Bolshoy Karetny Lane, 19, Moscow, 127051, </p><p>Gamalei str., 15, Moscow, 123098</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ ГНЦ «Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна» Федерального медико-биологического агентства;&#13;
Медико-биологический университет инноваций и непрерывного образования ФГБУ ГНЦ «Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна» Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academy of Postgraduate Education of the Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Medical Assistance and Medical Technologies of Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia;&#13;
Medico-biological University of Innovation and Continuing Education of Russian State Research Center — Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ ГНЦ «Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна» Федерального медико-биологического агентства;&#13;
Академия постдипломного образования ФГБУ «Федеральный научно-клинический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий» Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academy of Postgraduate Education of the Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Medical Assistance and Medical Technologies of Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia;&#13;
A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of the Federal Medical Biological Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Офтальмологическая клиника «Спектр»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academy of Postgraduate Education of the Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Medical Assistance and Medical Technologies of Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ ГНЦ «Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна» Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academy of Postgraduate Education of the Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Medical Assistance and Medical Technologies of Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Офтальмологическая клиника «Спектр»;&#13;
Медико-биологический университет инноваций и непрерывного образования ФГБУ ГНЦ «Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна» Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences;&#13;
Medico-biological University of Innovation and Continuing Education of Russian State Research Center — Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>639</fpage><lpage>651</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Капкова С.Г., Лихванцева В.Г., Геворкян А.С., Плиева Х.М., Третьяк Е.Б., Рычкова С.И., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Капкова С.Г., Лихванцева В.Г., Геворкян А.С., Плиева Х.М., Третьяк Е.Б., Рычкова С.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kapkova S.G., Likhvantseva V.G., Gevorkyan A.S., Plieva K.M., Tretyak E.B., Rychkova S.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/3071">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/3071</self-uri><abstract><p>Ожирение является доказанным фактором риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, гипертонической болезни и липидных нарушений, приводящих к атеросклерозу и образованию друз. Доказана связь ожирения с ВМД. Ожирение может быть ассоциировано с ВМД непосредственно или опосредованно через диабет, гипертонию, дислипидемию или через нарушение метаболических процессов в тканях глаза.</p><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: оценить роль ожирения в качестве коморбидного заболевания и фактора риска неблагоприятного ответа на анти-VEGF терапию.</p></sec><sec><title>Пациенты и методы</title><p>Пациенты и методы. Исследование имело проспективный когортный дизайн. В когорту вошли 318 больных МНВ (318 глаз) в возрасте от 50 до 93 лет (210 женщин, 108 мужчин) со всеми типами рефракции от +6,0 до -16,0 дптр. Диагностику проводили по МКБ-10 (Н35.3). Определяли максимально корригированную остроту зрения (МКОЗ) по таблице Снеллена, измеряли внутриглазное давление (ВГД), выполняли биомикроскопию переднего и заднего сегментов глаза, офтальмоскопию, ОКТ и ОКТ-А. Больных с активной МНВ лечили интравитреальными инъекциями (ИВИ) Афлиберцепта в соответствии с Федеральными национальными рекомендациями в фиксированном режиме.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В когорте МНВ из 318 больных у 97 (30,4 %) присутствовало ожирение I–II степени, у 141 пациента зарегистрирован избыточный вес. Практически каждый третий больной МНВ страдал избыточным весом. Установлено, что, несмотря на успешную резорбцию экссудата из субретинального пространства и уменьшение отслойки PED в обеих группах больных МНВ, терапевтический эффект при ожирении был ниже. По данным ОКТ регрессия площади интраретинальной жидкости (IRF) запаздывала и началась только с четвертой инъекции, на фоне первых трех ИВИ экссудация продолжала медленно нарастать и аккумулироваться. Различия становятся все более очевидными и статистически значимыми к последней инъекции загрузочного курса (р &lt; 0,05). В целом при ожирении резорбция была хуже. Это отразилось на конечном показателе МКОЗ.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Ожирение отягощает клиническое течение МНВ и исход антиангиогенной терапии. В 2 раза чаще (10,3 % против 5,0 %, р = 0,09) развивается прогрессирование заболевания, несмотря на курсы ИВИ. На фоне лечения медленнее идет резорбция интраретинальной жидкости, что сказывается на функциональных результатах.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Obesity is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease, arterial hypertension, and lipid metabolism disorders leading to atherosclerosis and drusen formation. An association between obesity and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has been demonstrated. Obesity may be associated with AMD either directly or indirectly through diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, or disturbances of metabolic processes in ocular tissues.</p><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose. To evaluate the role of obesity as a comorbid condition and a risk factor for a suboptimal response to anti-VEGF therapy.</p></sec><sec><title>Patients and Methods</title><p>Patients and Methods. This prospective cohort study included 318 patients with macular neovascularization (MNV; 318 eyes), aged 50–93 years, including 210 women and 108 men. All types of refractive error, ranging from+6.0 to -16.0 diopters, were represented. The diagnosis was established according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10; H35.3). Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was assessed using the Snellen chart. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured, and slit-lamp biomicroscopy of the anterior and posterior segments of the eye, ophthalmoscopy, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCT angiography (OCTA) were performed. Patients with active MNV were treated with intravitreal aflibercept injections administered according to a fixed regimen in compliance with the Russian federal clinical guidelines.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Of the 318 patients with MNV, 97 (30.4 %) had class I–II obesity, while 141 patients were overweight. Nearly one in three patients with MNV was overweight. Despite successful resolution of subretinal exudation and a reduction in pigment epithelial detachment (PED) in both groups of patients with MNV, the therapeutic response was less pronounced in patients with obesity. OCT demonstrated delayed regression of the intraretinal fluid (IRF) area, which began only after the fourth injection. During the first three intravitreal injections, exudation continued to increase slowly and accumulate. The differences became increasingly evident and reached statistical significance by the final injection of the loading phase (p &lt; 0.05). Overall, fluid resolution was less effective in patients with obesity. This was reflected in the final BCVA outcome.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Obesity aggravates the clinical course of MNV and adversely affects the outcome of anti-VEGF therapy. Disease progression despite courses of intravitreal injections occurred twice as frequently in patients with obesity (10.3 % vs 5.0 %; p = 0.09). During treatment, intraretinal fluid resolved more slowly, which affected the functional outcomes.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>возрастная макулярная дегенерация</kwd><kwd>макулярная невоскуляризация</kwd><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>гипертоническая болезнь</kwd><kwd>атеросклероз</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>age-related macular degeneration</kwd><kwd>macular non-vascularization</kwd><kwd>obesity</kwd><kwd>hypertension</kwd><kwd>atherosclerosis</kwd><kwd>diabetes mellitus</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arnarsson A, Sverrisson T, Stefánsson E, Sigurdsson H, Sasaki H, Sasaki K, Jonasson F. Risk factors for five-year incident age-related macular degeneration: the Reykjavik Eye Study. 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