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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2016-2-115-121</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-309</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ОФТАЛЬМОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ПОМОЩИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Eye care</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Заболеваемость катарактой в когорте работников, подвергшихся профессиональному облучению</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cataract incidence in the cohort of occupationally exposed workers</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брагин</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bragin</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научн.сотр. Южно-Уральский институт биофизики, Озерское шоссе, 19, г. Озерск, Челябинская область, 456780, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>T. V. Research Assistant, Southern Urals Biophysics Institute, Ozyorskoe road, 19, Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk region, 456780, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">clinic@subi.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Азизова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Azizova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд.мед.наук, зам.директора по науке, зав. клиническим отделом, Южно-Уральский институт биофизики, Озерское шоссе, 19, г. Озерск, Челябинская область, 456780, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Head of Clinical Department, Southern Urals Biophysics Institute, Ozyorskoe road, 19, Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk region, 456780, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">clinic@subi.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Банникова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bannikova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший.научн.сотр. Южно-Уральский институт биофизики, Озерское шоссе, 19, г. Озерск, Челябинская область, 456780, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Research Assistant, Southern Urals Biophysics Institute, Ozyorskoe road, 19, Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk region, 456780, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">clinic@subi.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Южно-Уральский институт биофизики, Озерское шоссе, 19, г. Озерск, Челябинская область, 456780, Российская Федерация</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Southern Urals Biophysics Institute, Ozyorskoe road, 19, Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk region, 456780, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>115</fpage><lpage>121</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Брагин Е.В., Азизова Т.В., Банникова М.В., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Брагин Е.В., Азизова Т.В., Банникова М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bragin E.V., Azizova T.V., Bannikova M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/309">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/309</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: Оценка показателей заболеваемости катарактой в когорте работников, подвергшихся профессиональному пролонгированному облучению. Материалы и методы: Заболеваемость катарактой изучена в когорте работников ПО «Маяк», первого в России предприятия атомной промышленности, впервые нанятых на один из основных заводов (реакторы, радиохимический, плутониевый) в 1948‑1958 гг., и наблюдавшихся до конца 2008 г. (12210 чел.). Всего в изучаемой когорте было зарегистрировано 3100 случаев катаракты. Была проведена экспертная оценка и верификация всех случаев катаракты; в исследование были включены только подтвержденные случаи старческой катаракты. Все работники изучаемой когорты подвергались внешнему гамма-облучению; средняя суммарная доза внешнего гамма-облучения составила 0,91±0,01 Гр у мужчин, и 0,65±0,01 Гр у женщин. Статистический анализ включал расчет не стандартизованных и стандартизованных показателей заболеваемости на 100 000 работающих. Стандартизацию по полу и возрасту проводили косвенным методом с использованием внутреннего стандарта.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: В исследование вошли 2523 случая старческой катаракты. Средний возраст на момент диагностики заболевания составил 62,88±0,26 лет у мужчин, и 64,88±0,28 лет у женщин. Стандартизованные показатели заболеваемости (далее, заболеваемость) катарактой у женщин были статистически значимо выше по сравнению с мужчинами, и повышались с увеличением возраста работников. Сравнение субкогорты работников с установленным диагнозом «катаракта» и без этого диагноза показало, что у первых была статистически значимо выше доля следующих работников: впервые нанятых до 1954 г.; работающих на реакторах; курящих; с индексом курения более 20 пачка / лет; употребляющих алкоголь; с повышенной массой тела; с глаукомой и артериальной гипертензией. Кроме того, в субкогорте работников с установленным диагнозом «катаракта» средняя суммарная доза внешнего гамма-облучения и / или нейтронного облучения была статистически значимо выше по сравнению с соответствующими дозами у работников без диагноза «катаракта». Наиболее высокие показатели заболеваемости катарактой были зарегистрированы у мужчин и женщин в возрасте старше 60 лет. Заболеваемость катарактой статистически значимо зависела от нерадиационных факторов риска (курение, наличие сопутствующей глаукомы и / или высокой степени миопии). Не выявлено влияния индекса массы тела, артериальной гипертензии и статуса употребления алкоголя на заболеваемость катарактой в изучаемой когорте работников. Заболеваемость катарактой была статистически значимо выше у работников, подвергшихся внешнему гамма-облучению в суммарной дозе более 1,0 Гр, по сравнению с работниками, подвергшимися облучению в более низких дозах.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы: Результаты исследования показали, что заболеваемость катарактой в когорте работников, подвергшихся профессиональному облучению, зависела как от нерадиационных (пол, достигнутый возраст, наличие сопутствующей глазной патологии), так и радиационных (внешнее гамма-облучение) факторов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: To assess cataract incidence in the cohort of workers occupationally exposed to prolonged radiation. Material and Methods: Cataract incidence was studied in the cohort of workers of the first Russian nuclear enterprise — the Mayak, who were firstly employed at one of the main facilities (reactors, radiochemical and plutonium production plants) in 1948‑1958 and followed up to the end of 2008 (12210 persons). Total of 3100 cataract cases were registered in the study cohort. All cataract cases were reviewed and verified by experts; the study included only confirmed senile cataracts. All workers of the study cohort were exposed to external gamma-rays; mean cumulative dose from external gamma-rays was 0.91±0.01 Gy in males and 0.65±0.01 Gy in females. Statistical analysis provided non-standardized and standardized incidence rates per 100 000 workers. Standardization by sex and age was performed by indirect method using internal reference.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: 2523 cases of senile cataract were included in the study. Mean age of cataract diagnosis was 62.88±0.26 years in males and 64.88±0.28 years in females. Standardized incidence rates of cataract in females were significantly higher as compared to males and increased with workers age. Comparison between the subcohorts of workers with / without diagnosed cataracts demonstrated that among workers with cataracts the proportions of the following groups of workers were significantly higher: workers employed before 1954; workers employed at reactors; smoking workers; workers with the smoking index exceeding 20 pack*years; workers who consumed alcohol; workers with excessive body weight; workers with glaucoma and arterial hypertension. Moreover the mean cumulative dose from external gamma-rays and / or neutron exposure was significantly higher in the subcohort of workers diagnosed with cataracts than that in the subcohort of workers free of the disease. The highest cataract incidence rates were revealed in workers of both sexes aged 60 and above. The cataract incidence rate was significantly associated with non-radiation risk factors (smoking, concomitant glaucoma and / or high myopia). No effect modification by body mass index, arterial hypertension and alcohol consumption status was observed for cataract incidence among members of the study worker cohort. Cataract incidence was significantly increased in workers exposed to external gamma-rays at cumulative dose &gt; 1.0 Gy as compared to workers exposed at lower doses.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: The study revealed that cataract incidence in the cohort of occupationally exposed workers was associated with both non-radiation (sex, attained age, concomitant ocular pathology) and radiation (external gamma-rays) factors.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>старческая катаракта</kwd><kwd>показатели заболеваемости</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>внешнее гамма-облучение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>senile cataract</kwd><kwd>incidence rates</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>external radiation exposure</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abraham A. G., Condon N. G., West Gower E. 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